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<section id="module-termios">
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<span id="termios-posix-style-tty-control"></span><h1><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">termios</span></code> — POSIX style tty control<a class="headerlink" href="#module-termios" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
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<hr class="docutils" id="index-0" />
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<p>This module provides an interface to the POSIX calls for tty I/O control. For a
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complete description of these calls, see <em class="manpage"><a class="manpage reference external" href="https://manpages.debian.org/termios(3)">termios(3)</a></em> Unix manual
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page. It is only available for those Unix versions that support POSIX
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<em>termios</em> style tty I/O control configured during installation.</p>
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<div class="availability docutils container">
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<p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: Unix.</p>
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</div>
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<p>All functions in this module take a file descriptor <em>fd</em> as their first
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argument. This can be an integer file descriptor, such as returned by
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<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.stdin.fileno()</span></code>, or a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-file-object"><span class="xref std std-term">file object</span></a>, such as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.stdin</span></code> itself.</p>
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<p>This module also defines all the constants needed to work with the functions
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||
provided here; these have the same name as their counterparts in C. Please
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refer to your system documentation for more information on using these terminal
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||
control interfaces.</p>
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<p>The module defines the following functions:</p>
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||
<dl class="py function">
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||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="termios.tcgetattr">
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<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">termios.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tcgetattr</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fd</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#termios.tcgetattr" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Return a list containing the tty attributes for file descriptor <em>fd</em>, as
|
||
follows: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[iflag,</span> <span class="pre">oflag,</span> <span class="pre">cflag,</span> <span class="pre">lflag,</span> <span class="pre">ispeed,</span> <span class="pre">ospeed,</span> <span class="pre">cc]</span></code> where <em>cc</em> is a
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list of the tty special characters (each a string of length 1, except the
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||
items with indices <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VMIN</span></code> and <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VTIME</span></code>, which are integers when
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||
these fields are defined). The interpretation of the flags and the speeds as
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well as the indexing in the <em>cc</em> array must be done using the symbolic
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constants defined in the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-termios" title="termios: POSIX style tty control. (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">termios</span></code></a> module.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="py function">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="termios.tcsetattr">
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<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">termios.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tcsetattr</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fd</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">when</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">attributes</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#termios.tcsetattr" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Set the tty attributes for file descriptor <em>fd</em> from the <em>attributes</em>, which is
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||
a list like the one returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#termios.tcgetattr" title="termios.tcgetattr"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tcgetattr()</span></code></a>. The <em>when</em> argument
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determines when the attributes are changed:</p>
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<dl class="py data">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="termios.TCSANOW">
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<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">termios.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">TCSANOW</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#termios.TCSANOW" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Change attributes immediately.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="py data">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="termios.TCSADRAIN">
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<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">termios.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">TCSADRAIN</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#termios.TCSADRAIN" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Change attributes after transmitting all queued output.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="py data">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="termios.TCSAFLUSH">
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<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">termios.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">TCSAFLUSH</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#termios.TCSAFLUSH" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Change attributes after transmitting all queued output and
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discarding all queued input.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="py function">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="termios.tcsendbreak">
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<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">termios.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tcsendbreak</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fd</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">duration</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#termios.tcsendbreak" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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||
<dd><p>Send a break on file descriptor <em>fd</em>. A zero <em>duration</em> sends a break for
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0.25–0.5 seconds; a nonzero <em>duration</em> has a system dependent meaning.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="py function">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="termios.tcdrain">
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||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">termios.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tcdrain</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fd</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#termios.tcdrain" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Wait until all output written to file descriptor <em>fd</em> has been transmitted.</p>
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||
</dd></dl>
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<dl class="py function">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="termios.tcflush">
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<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">termios.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tcflush</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fd</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">queue</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#termios.tcflush" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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||
<dd><p>Discard queued data on file descriptor <em>fd</em>. The <em>queue</em> selector specifies
|
||
which queue: <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TCIFLUSH</span></code> for the input queue, <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TCOFLUSH</span></code> for the
|
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output queue, or <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TCIOFLUSH</span></code> for both queues.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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||
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<dl class="py function">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="termios.tcflow">
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<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">termios.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tcflow</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fd</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">action</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#termios.tcflow" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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||
<dd><p>Suspend or resume input or output on file descriptor <em>fd</em>. The <em>action</em>
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argument can be <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TCOOFF</span></code> to suspend output, <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TCOON</span></code> to restart
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||
output, <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TCIOFF</span></code> to suspend input, or <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TCION</span></code> to restart input.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="py function">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="termios.tcgetwinsize">
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<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">termios.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tcgetwinsize</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fd</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#termios.tcgetwinsize" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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||
<dd><p>Return a tuple <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(ws_row,</span> <span class="pre">ws_col)</span></code> containing the tty window size for file
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descriptor <em>fd</em>. Requires <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">termios.TIOCGWINSZ</span></code> or
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<code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">termios.TIOCGSIZE</span></code>.</p>
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<div class="versionadded">
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<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.11.</span></p>
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</div>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="py function">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="termios.tcsetwinsize">
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<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">termios.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tcsetwinsize</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fd</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">winsize</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#termios.tcsetwinsize" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Set the tty window size for file descriptor <em>fd</em> from <em>winsize</em>, which is
|
||
a two-item tuple <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(ws_row,</span> <span class="pre">ws_col)</span></code> like the one returned by
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#termios.tcgetwinsize" title="termios.tcgetwinsize"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tcgetwinsize()</span></code></a>. Requires at least one of the pairs
|
||
(<code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">termios.TIOCGWINSZ</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">termios.TIOCSWINSZ</span></code>);
|
||
(<code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">termios.TIOCGSIZE</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">termios.TIOCSSIZE</span></code>) to be defined.</p>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.11.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<div class="admonition seealso">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
|
||
<dl class="simple">
|
||
<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="tty.html#module-tty" title="tty: Utility functions that perform common terminal control operations. (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tty</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>Convenience functions for common terminal control operations.</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<section id="example">
|
||
<span id="termios-example"></span><h2>Example<a class="headerlink" href="#example" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>Here’s a function that prompts for a password with echoing turned off. Note the
|
||
technique using a separate <a class="reference internal" href="#termios.tcgetattr" title="termios.tcgetattr"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tcgetattr()</span></code></a> call and a <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#try"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">try</span></code></a> …
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#finally"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">finally</span></code></a> statement to ensure that the old tty attributes are restored
|
||
exactly no matter what happens:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">getpass</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">prompt</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Password: "</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">termios</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">sys</span>
|
||
<span class="n">fd</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdin</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fileno</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="n">old</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">termios</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tcgetattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">new</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">termios</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tcgetattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">new</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">new</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">&</span> <span class="o">~</span><span class="n">termios</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ECHO</span> <span class="c1"># lflags</span>
|
||
<span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="n">termios</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tcsetattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">termios</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">TCSADRAIN</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">new</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">passwd</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">prompt</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="k">finally</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="n">termios</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tcsetattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">termios</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">TCSADRAIN</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">old</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">passwd</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
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|
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">termios</span></code> — POSIX style tty control</a><ul>
|
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#example">Example</a></li>
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