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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">netrc</span></code> — netrc file processing</a><ul>
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<section id="module-netrc">
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<span id="netrc-netrc-file-processing"></span><h1><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">netrc</span></code> — netrc file processing<a class="headerlink" href="#module-netrc" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
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<p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="extlink-source reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.13/Lib/netrc.py">Lib/netrc.py</a></p>
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<hr class="docutils" />
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<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#netrc.netrc" title="netrc.netrc"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">netrc</span></code></a> class parses and encapsulates the netrc file format used by
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the Unix <strong class="program">ftp</strong> program and other FTP clients.</p>
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<dl class="py class">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="netrc.netrc">
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<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">class</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">netrc.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">netrc</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">file</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#netrc.netrc" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>A <a class="reference internal" href="#netrc.netrc" title="netrc.netrc"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">netrc</span></code></a> instance or subclass instance encapsulates data from a netrc
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file. The initialization argument, if present, specifies the file to parse. If
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no argument is given, the file <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.netrc</span></code> in the user’s home directory –
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as determined by <a class="reference internal" href="os.path.html#os.path.expanduser" title="os.path.expanduser"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.path.expanduser()</span></code></a> – will be read. Otherwise,
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a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#FileNotFoundError" title="FileNotFoundError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FileNotFoundError</span></code></a> exception will be raised.
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Parse errors will raise <a class="reference internal" href="#netrc.NetrcParseError" title="netrc.NetrcParseError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NetrcParseError</span></code></a> with diagnostic
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information including the file name, line number, and terminating token.
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If no argument is specified on a POSIX system, the presence of passwords in
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the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.netrc</span></code> file will raise a <a class="reference internal" href="#netrc.NetrcParseError" title="netrc.NetrcParseError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NetrcParseError</span></code></a> if the file
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ownership or permissions are insecure (owned by a user other than the user
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running the process, or accessible for read or write by any other user).
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This implements security behavior equivalent to that of ftp and other
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programs that use <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.netrc</span></code>.</p>
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<div class="versionchanged">
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<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.4: </span>Added the POSIX permission check.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="versionchanged">
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<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.7: </span><a class="reference internal" href="os.path.html#os.path.expanduser" title="os.path.expanduser"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.path.expanduser()</span></code></a> is used to find the location of the
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<code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.netrc</span></code> file when <em>file</em> is not passed as argument.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="versionchanged">
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<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.10: </span><a class="reference internal" href="#module-netrc" title="netrc: Loading of .netrc files."><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">netrc</span></code></a> try UTF-8 encoding before using locale specific
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encoding.
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The entry in the netrc file no longer needs to contain all tokens. The missing
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tokens’ value default to an empty string. All the tokens and their values now
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can contain arbitrary characters, like whitespace and non-ASCII characters.
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If the login name is anonymous, it won’t trigger the security check.</p>
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</div>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="py exception">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="netrc.NetrcParseError">
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<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">exception</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">netrc.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">NetrcParseError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#netrc.NetrcParseError" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Exception raised by the <a class="reference internal" href="#netrc.netrc" title="netrc.netrc"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">netrc</span></code></a> class when syntactical errors are
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encountered in source text. Instances of this exception provide three
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interesting attributes:</p>
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<dl class="py attribute">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="netrc.NetrcParseError.msg">
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<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">msg</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#netrc.NetrcParseError.msg" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Textual explanation of the error.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="py attribute">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="netrc.NetrcParseError.filename">
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<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">filename</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#netrc.NetrcParseError.filename" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>The name of the source file.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="py attribute">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="netrc.NetrcParseError.lineno">
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<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">lineno</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#netrc.NetrcParseError.lineno" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>The line number on which the error was found.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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</dd></dl>
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<section id="netrc-objects">
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<span id="id1"></span><h2>netrc Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#netrc-objects" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
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<p>A <a class="reference internal" href="#netrc.netrc" title="netrc.netrc"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">netrc</span></code></a> instance has the following methods:</p>
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<dl class="py method">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="netrc.netrc.authenticators">
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<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">netrc.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">authenticators</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">host</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#netrc.netrc.authenticators" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Return a 3-tuple <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(login,</span> <span class="pre">account,</span> <span class="pre">password)</span></code> of authenticators for <em>host</em>.
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If the netrc file did not contain an entry for the given host, return the tuple
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associated with the ‘default’ entry. If neither matching host nor default entry
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is available, return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="py method">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="netrc.netrc.__repr__">
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<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">netrc.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__repr__</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#netrc.netrc.__repr__" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Dump the class data as a string in the format of a netrc file. (This discards
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comments and may reorder the entries.)</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<p>Instances of <a class="reference internal" href="#netrc.netrc" title="netrc.netrc"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">netrc</span></code></a> have public instance variables:</p>
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<dl class="py attribute">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="netrc.netrc.hosts">
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<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">netrc.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">hosts</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#netrc.netrc.hosts" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Dictionary mapping host names to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(login,</span> <span class="pre">account,</span> <span class="pre">password)</span></code> tuples. The
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‘default’ entry, if any, is represented as a pseudo-host by that name.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="py attribute">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="netrc.netrc.macros">
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<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">netrc.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">macros</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#netrc.netrc.macros" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Dictionary mapping macro names to string lists.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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</section>
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</section>
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<h3><a href="../contents.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">netrc</span></code> — netrc file processing</a><ul>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#netrc-objects">netrc Objects</a></li>
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