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<section id="module-grp">
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<span id="grp-the-group-database"></span><h1><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">grp</span></code> — The group database<a class="headerlink" href="#module-grp" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
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<hr class="docutils" />
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<p>This module provides access to the Unix group database. It is available on all
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Unix versions.</p>
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<div class="availability docutils container">
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<p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: Unix, not WASI, not Android, not iOS.</p>
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<p>Group database entries are reported as a tuple-like object, whose attributes
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correspond to the members of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">group</span></code> structure (Attribute field below, see
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<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre"><grp.h></span></code>):</p>
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<table class="docutils align-default">
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<thead>
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<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Index</p></th>
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<th class="head"><p>Attribute</p></th>
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<th class="head"><p>Meaning</p></th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p>0</p></td>
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<td><p>gr_name</p></td>
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<td><p>the name of the group</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>1</p></td>
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<td><p>gr_passwd</p></td>
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<td><p>the (encrypted) group password;
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often empty</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p>2</p></td>
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<td><p>gr_gid</p></td>
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<td><p>the numerical group ID</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>3</p></td>
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<td><p>gr_mem</p></td>
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<td><p>all the group member’s user
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names</p></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<p>The gid is an integer, name and password are strings, and the member list is a
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list of strings. (Note that most users are not explicitly listed as members of
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the group they are in according to the password database. Check both databases
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to get complete membership information. Also note that a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gr_name</span></code> that
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starts with a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">+</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-</span></code> is likely to be a YP/NIS reference and may not be
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accessible via <a class="reference internal" href="#grp.getgrnam" title="grp.getgrnam"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getgrnam()</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#grp.getgrgid" title="grp.getgrgid"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getgrgid()</span></code></a>.)</p>
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<p>It defines the following items:</p>
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<dl class="py function">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="grp.getgrgid">
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<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">grp.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getgrgid</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">id</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#grp.getgrgid" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Return the group database entry for the given numeric group ID. <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#KeyError" title="KeyError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KeyError</span></code></a>
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is raised if the entry asked for cannot be found.</p>
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<div class="versionchanged">
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<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.10: </span><a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a> is raised for non-integer arguments like floats or strings.</p>
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</div>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="py function">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="grp.getgrnam">
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<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">grp.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getgrnam</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#grp.getgrnam" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Return the group database entry for the given group name. <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#KeyError" title="KeyError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KeyError</span></code></a> is
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raised if the entry asked for cannot be found.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="py function">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="grp.getgrall">
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<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">grp.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getgrall</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#grp.getgrall" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Return a list of all available group entries, in arbitrary order.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<div class="admonition seealso">
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<p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
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<dl class="simple">
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<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="pwd.html#module-pwd" title="pwd: The password database (getpwnam() and friends). (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pwd</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>An interface to the user database, similar to this.</p>
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Last updated on Apr 08, 2025 (14:33 UTC).
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<a href="/bugs.html">Found a bug</a>?
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Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 8.2.3.
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