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|   <section id="number-protocol">
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| <span id="number"></span><h1>Number Protocol<a class="headerlink" href="#number-protocol" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
 | |
| <dl class="c function">
 | |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyNumber_Check">
 | |
| <span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyNumber_Check</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyNumber_Check" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | |
| <dd><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code> if the object <em>o</em> provides numeric protocols, and false otherwise.
 | |
| This function always succeeds.</p>
 | |
| <div class="versionchanged">
 | |
| <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.8: </span>Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code> if <em>o</em> is an index integer.</p>
 | |
| </div>
 | |
| </dd></dl>
 | |
| 
 | |
| <dl class="c function">
 | |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyNumber_Add">
 | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyNumber_Add</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o1</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o2</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyNumber_Add" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | |
| <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Returns the result of adding <em>o1</em> and <em>o2</em>, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on failure.  This is the
 | |
| equivalent of the Python expression <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">o1</span> <span class="pre">+</span> <span class="pre">o2</span></code>.</p>
 | |
| </dd></dl>
 | |
| 
 | |
| <dl class="c function">
 | |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyNumber_Subtract">
 | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyNumber_Subtract</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o1</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o2</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyNumber_Subtract" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | |
| <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Returns the result of subtracting <em>o2</em> from <em>o1</em>, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on failure.  This is
 | |
| the equivalent of the Python expression <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">o1</span> <span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">o2</span></code>.</p>
 | |
| </dd></dl>
 | |
| 
 | |
| <dl class="c function">
 | |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyNumber_Multiply">
 | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyNumber_Multiply</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o1</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o2</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyNumber_Multiply" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | |
| <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Returns the result of multiplying <em>o1</em> and <em>o2</em>, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on failure.  This is
 | |
| the equivalent of the Python expression <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">o1</span> <span class="pre">*</span> <span class="pre">o2</span></code>.</p>
 | |
| </dd></dl>
 | |
| 
 | |
| <dl class="c function">
 | |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyNumber_MatrixMultiply">
 | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyNumber_MatrixMultiply</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o1</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o2</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyNumber_MatrixMultiply" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | |
| <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a> since version 3.7.</em><p>Returns the result of matrix multiplication on <em>o1</em> and <em>o2</em>, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on
 | |
| failure.  This is the equivalent of the Python expression <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">o1</span> <span class="pre">@</span> <span class="pre">o2</span></code>.</p>
 | |
| <div class="versionadded">
 | |
| <p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.5.</span></p>
 | |
| </div>
 | |
| </dd></dl>
 | |
| 
 | |
| <dl class="c function">
 | |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyNumber_FloorDivide">
 | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyNumber_FloorDivide</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o1</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o2</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyNumber_FloorDivide" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | |
| <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Return the floor of <em>o1</em> divided by <em>o2</em>, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on failure.  This is
 | |
| the equivalent of the Python expression <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">o1</span> <span class="pre">//</span> <span class="pre">o2</span></code>.</p>
 | |
| </dd></dl>
 | |
| 
 | |
| <dl class="c function">
 | |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyNumber_TrueDivide">
 | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyNumber_TrueDivide</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o1</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o2</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyNumber_TrueDivide" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | |
| <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Return a reasonable approximation for the mathematical value of <em>o1</em> divided by
 | |
| <em>o2</em>, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on failure.  The return value is “approximate” because binary
 | |
| floating-point numbers are approximate; it is not possible to represent all real
 | |
| numbers in base two.  This function can return a floating-point value when
 | |
| passed two integers.  This is the equivalent of the Python expression <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">o1</span> <span class="pre">/</span> <span class="pre">o2</span></code>.</p>
 | |
| </dd></dl>
 | |
| 
 | |
| <dl class="c function">
 | |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyNumber_Remainder">
 | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyNumber_Remainder</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o1</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o2</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyNumber_Remainder" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | |
| <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Returns the remainder of dividing <em>o1</em> by <em>o2</em>, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on failure.  This is
 | |
| the equivalent of the Python expression <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">o1</span> <span class="pre">%</span> <span class="pre">o2</span></code>.</p>
 | |
| </dd></dl>
 | |
| 
 | |
| <dl class="c function">
 | |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyNumber_Divmod">
 | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyNumber_Divmod</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o1</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o2</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyNumber_Divmod" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | |
| <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p id="index-0">See the built-in function <a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#divmod" title="divmod"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">divmod()</span></code></a>. Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on failure.  This is
 | |
| the equivalent of the Python expression <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">divmod(o1,</span> <span class="pre">o2)</span></code>.</p>
 | |
| </dd></dl>
 | |
| 
 | |
| <dl class="c function">
 | |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyNumber_Power">
 | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyNumber_Power</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o1</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o2</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o3</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyNumber_Power" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | |
| <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p id="index-1">See the built-in function <a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#pow" title="pow"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pow()</span></code></a>. Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on failure.  This is the
 | |
| equivalent of the Python expression <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pow(o1,</span> <span class="pre">o2,</span> <span class="pre">o3)</span></code>, where <em>o3</em> is optional.
 | |
| If <em>o3</em> is to be ignored, pass <a class="reference internal" href="none.html#c.Py_None" title="Py_None"><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_None</span></code></a> in its place (passing <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> for
 | |
| <em>o3</em> would cause an illegal memory access).</p>
 | |
| </dd></dl>
 | |
| 
 | |
| <dl class="c function">
 | |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyNumber_Negative">
 | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyNumber_Negative</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyNumber_Negative" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | |
| <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Returns the negation of <em>o</em> on success, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on failure. This is the
 | |
| equivalent of the Python expression <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-o</span></code>.</p>
 | |
| </dd></dl>
 | |
| 
 | |
| <dl class="c function">
 | |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyNumber_Positive">
 | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyNumber_Positive</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyNumber_Positive" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | |
| <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Returns <em>o</em> on success, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on failure.  This is the equivalent of the
 | |
| Python expression <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">+o</span></code>.</p>
 | |
| </dd></dl>
 | |
| 
 | |
| <dl class="c function">
 | |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyNumber_Absolute">
 | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyNumber_Absolute</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyNumber_Absolute" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | |
| <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p id="index-2">Returns the absolute value of <em>o</em>, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on failure.  This is the equivalent
 | |
| of the Python expression <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">abs(o)</span></code>.</p>
 | |
| </dd></dl>
 | |
| 
 | |
| <dl class="c function">
 | |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyNumber_Invert">
 | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyNumber_Invert</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyNumber_Invert" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | |
| <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Returns the bitwise negation of <em>o</em> on success, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on failure.  This is
 | |
| the equivalent of the Python expression <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~o</span></code>.</p>
 | |
| </dd></dl>
 | |
| 
 | |
| <dl class="c function">
 | |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyNumber_Lshift">
 | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyNumber_Lshift</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o1</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o2</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyNumber_Lshift" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | |
| <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Returns the result of left shifting <em>o1</em> by <em>o2</em> on success, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on
 | |
| failure.  This is the equivalent of the Python expression <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">o1</span> <span class="pre"><<</span> <span class="pre">o2</span></code>.</p>
 | |
| </dd></dl>
 | |
| 
 | |
| <dl class="c function">
 | |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyNumber_Rshift">
 | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyNumber_Rshift</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o1</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o2</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyNumber_Rshift" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | |
| <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Returns the result of right shifting <em>o1</em> by <em>o2</em> on success, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on
 | |
| failure.  This is the equivalent of the Python expression <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">o1</span> <span class="pre">>></span> <span class="pre">o2</span></code>.</p>
 | |
| </dd></dl>
 | |
| 
 | |
| <dl class="c function">
 | |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyNumber_And">
 | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyNumber_And</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o1</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o2</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyNumber_And" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | |
| <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Returns the “bitwise and” of <em>o1</em> and <em>o2</em> on success and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on failure.
 | |
| This is the equivalent of the Python expression <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">o1</span> <span class="pre">&</span> <span class="pre">o2</span></code>.</p>
 | |
| </dd></dl>
 | |
| 
 | |
| <dl class="c function">
 | |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyNumber_Xor">
 | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyNumber_Xor</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o1</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o2</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyNumber_Xor" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | |
| <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Returns the “bitwise exclusive or” of <em>o1</em> by <em>o2</em> on success, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on
 | |
| failure.  This is the equivalent of the Python expression <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">o1</span> <span class="pre">^</span> <span class="pre">o2</span></code>.</p>
 | |
| </dd></dl>
 | |
| 
 | |
| <dl class="c function">
 | |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyNumber_Or">
 | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyNumber_Or</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o1</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o2</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyNumber_Or" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | |
| <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Returns the “bitwise or” of <em>o1</em> and <em>o2</em> on success, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on failure.
 | |
| This is the equivalent of the Python expression <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">o1</span> <span class="pre">|</span> <span class="pre">o2</span></code>.</p>
 | |
| </dd></dl>
 | |
| 
 | |
| <dl class="c function">
 | |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyNumber_InPlaceAdd">
 | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyNumber_InPlaceAdd</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o1</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o2</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyNumber_InPlaceAdd" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | |
| <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Returns the result of adding <em>o1</em> and <em>o2</em>, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on failure.  The operation
 | |
| is done <em>in-place</em> when <em>o1</em> supports it.  This is the equivalent of the Python
 | |
| statement <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">o1</span> <span class="pre">+=</span> <span class="pre">o2</span></code>.</p>
 | |
| </dd></dl>
 | |
| 
 | |
| <dl class="c function">
 | |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyNumber_InPlaceSubtract">
 | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyNumber_InPlaceSubtract</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o1</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o2</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyNumber_InPlaceSubtract" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | |
| <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Returns the result of subtracting <em>o2</em> from <em>o1</em>, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on failure.  The
 | |
| operation is done <em>in-place</em> when <em>o1</em> supports it.  This is the equivalent of
 | |
| the Python statement <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">o1</span> <span class="pre">-=</span> <span class="pre">o2</span></code>.</p>
 | |
| </dd></dl>
 | |
| 
 | |
| <dl class="c function">
 | |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyNumber_InPlaceMultiply">
 | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyNumber_InPlaceMultiply</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o1</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o2</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyNumber_InPlaceMultiply" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | |
| <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Returns the result of multiplying <em>o1</em> and <em>o2</em>, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on failure.  The
 | |
| operation is done <em>in-place</em> when <em>o1</em> supports it.  This is the equivalent of
 | |
| the Python statement <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">o1</span> <span class="pre">*=</span> <span class="pre">o2</span></code>.</p>
 | |
| </dd></dl>
 | |
| 
 | |
| <dl class="c function">
 | |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyNumber_InPlaceMatrixMultiply">
 | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyNumber_InPlaceMatrixMultiply</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o1</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o2</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyNumber_InPlaceMatrixMultiply" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | |
| <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a> since version 3.7.</em><p>Returns the result of matrix multiplication on <em>o1</em> and <em>o2</em>, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on
 | |
| failure.  The operation is done <em>in-place</em> when <em>o1</em> supports it.  This is
 | |
| the equivalent of the Python statement <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">o1</span> <span class="pre">@=</span> <span class="pre">o2</span></code>.</p>
 | |
| <div class="versionadded">
 | |
| <p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.5.</span></p>
 | |
| </div>
 | |
| </dd></dl>
 | |
| 
 | |
| <dl class="c function">
 | |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyNumber_InPlaceFloorDivide">
 | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyNumber_InPlaceFloorDivide</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o1</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o2</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyNumber_InPlaceFloorDivide" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | |
| <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Returns the mathematical floor of dividing <em>o1</em> by <em>o2</em>, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on failure.
 | |
| The operation is done <em>in-place</em> when <em>o1</em> supports it.  This is the equivalent
 | |
| of the Python statement <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">o1</span> <span class="pre">//=</span> <span class="pre">o2</span></code>.</p>
 | |
| </dd></dl>
 | |
| 
 | |
| <dl class="c function">
 | |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyNumber_InPlaceTrueDivide">
 | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyNumber_InPlaceTrueDivide</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o1</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o2</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyNumber_InPlaceTrueDivide" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | |
| <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Return a reasonable approximation for the mathematical value of <em>o1</em> divided by
 | |
| <em>o2</em>, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on failure.  The return value is “approximate” because binary
 | |
| floating-point numbers are approximate; it is not possible to represent all real
 | |
| numbers in base two.  This function can return a floating-point value when
 | |
| passed two integers.  The operation is done <em>in-place</em> when <em>o1</em> supports it.
 | |
| This is the equivalent of the Python statement <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">o1</span> <span class="pre">/=</span> <span class="pre">o2</span></code>.</p>
 | |
| </dd></dl>
 | |
| 
 | |
| <dl class="c function">
 | |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyNumber_InPlaceRemainder">
 | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyNumber_InPlaceRemainder</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o1</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o2</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyNumber_InPlaceRemainder" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | |
| <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Returns the remainder of dividing <em>o1</em> by <em>o2</em>, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on failure.  The
 | |
| operation is done <em>in-place</em> when <em>o1</em> supports it.  This is the equivalent of
 | |
| the Python statement <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">o1</span> <span class="pre">%=</span> <span class="pre">o2</span></code>.</p>
 | |
| </dd></dl>
 | |
| 
 | |
| <dl class="c function">
 | |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyNumber_InPlacePower">
 | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyNumber_InPlacePower</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o1</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o2</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o3</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyNumber_InPlacePower" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | |
| <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p id="index-3">See the built-in function <a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#pow" title="pow"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pow()</span></code></a>. Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on failure.  The operation
 | |
| is done <em>in-place</em> when <em>o1</em> supports it.  This is the equivalent of the Python
 | |
| statement <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">o1</span> <span class="pre">**=</span> <span class="pre">o2</span></code> when o3 is <a class="reference internal" href="none.html#c.Py_None" title="Py_None"><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_None</span></code></a>, or an in-place variant of
 | |
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pow(o1,</span> <span class="pre">o2,</span> <span class="pre">o3)</span></code> otherwise. If <em>o3</em> is to be ignored, pass <a class="reference internal" href="none.html#c.Py_None" title="Py_None"><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_None</span></code></a>
 | |
| in its place (passing <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> for <em>o3</em> would cause an illegal memory access).</p>
 | |
| </dd></dl>
 | |
| 
 | |
| <dl class="c function">
 | |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyNumber_InPlaceLshift">
 | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyNumber_InPlaceLshift</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o1</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o2</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyNumber_InPlaceLshift" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | |
| <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Returns the result of left shifting <em>o1</em> by <em>o2</em> on success, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on
 | |
| failure.  The operation is done <em>in-place</em> when <em>o1</em> supports it.  This is the
 | |
| equivalent of the Python statement <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">o1</span> <span class="pre"><<=</span> <span class="pre">o2</span></code>.</p>
 | |
| </dd></dl>
 | |
| 
 | |
| <dl class="c function">
 | |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyNumber_InPlaceRshift">
 | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyNumber_InPlaceRshift</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o1</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o2</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyNumber_InPlaceRshift" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | |
| <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Returns the result of right shifting <em>o1</em> by <em>o2</em> on success, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on
 | |
| failure.  The operation is done <em>in-place</em> when <em>o1</em> supports it.  This is the
 | |
| equivalent of the Python statement <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">o1</span> <span class="pre">>>=</span> <span class="pre">o2</span></code>.</p>
 | |
| </dd></dl>
 | |
| 
 | |
| <dl class="c function">
 | |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyNumber_InPlaceAnd">
 | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyNumber_InPlaceAnd</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o1</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o2</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyNumber_InPlaceAnd" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | |
| <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Returns the “bitwise and” of <em>o1</em> and <em>o2</em> on success and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on failure. The
 | |
| operation is done <em>in-place</em> when <em>o1</em> supports it.  This is the equivalent of
 | |
| the Python statement <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">o1</span> <span class="pre">&=</span> <span class="pre">o2</span></code>.</p>
 | |
| </dd></dl>
 | |
| 
 | |
| <dl class="c function">
 | |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyNumber_InPlaceXor">
 | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyNumber_InPlaceXor</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o1</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o2</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyNumber_InPlaceXor" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | |
| <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Returns the “bitwise exclusive or” of <em>o1</em> by <em>o2</em> on success, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on
 | |
| failure.  The operation is done <em>in-place</em> when <em>o1</em> supports it.  This is the
 | |
| equivalent of the Python statement <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">o1</span> <span class="pre">^=</span> <span class="pre">o2</span></code>.</p>
 | |
| </dd></dl>
 | |
| 
 | |
| <dl class="c function">
 | |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyNumber_InPlaceOr">
 | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyNumber_InPlaceOr</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o1</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o2</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyNumber_InPlaceOr" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | |
| <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Returns the “bitwise or” of <em>o1</em> and <em>o2</em> on success, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on failure.  The
 | |
| operation is done <em>in-place</em> when <em>o1</em> supports it.  This is the equivalent of
 | |
| the Python statement <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">o1</span> <span class="pre">|=</span> <span class="pre">o2</span></code>.</p>
 | |
| </dd></dl>
 | |
| 
 | |
| <dl class="c function">
 | |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyNumber_Long">
 | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyNumber_Long</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyNumber_Long" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | |
| <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p id="index-4">Returns the <em>o</em> converted to an integer object on success, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on
 | |
| failure.  This is the equivalent of the Python expression <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int(o)</span></code>.</p>
 | |
| </dd></dl>
 | |
| 
 | |
| <dl class="c function">
 | |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyNumber_Float">
 | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyNumber_Float</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyNumber_Float" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | |
| <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p id="index-5">Returns the <em>o</em> converted to a float object on success, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on failure.
 | |
| This is the equivalent of the Python expression <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">float(o)</span></code>.</p>
 | |
| </dd></dl>
 | |
| 
 | |
| <dl class="c function">
 | |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyNumber_Index">
 | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyNumber_Index</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyNumber_Index" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | |
| <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Returns the <em>o</em> converted to a Python int on success or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> with a
 | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a> exception raised on failure.</p>
 | |
| <div class="versionchanged">
 | |
| <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.10: </span>The result always has exact type <a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#int" title="int"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code></a>.  Previously, the result
 | |
| could have been an instance of a subclass of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code>.</p>
 | |
| </div>
 | |
| </dd></dl>
 | |
| 
 | |
| <dl class="c function">
 | |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyNumber_ToBase">
 | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyNumber_ToBase</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">n</span></span>, <span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">base</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyNumber_ToBase" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | |
| <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Returns the integer <em>n</em> converted to base <em>base</em> as a string.  The <em>base</em>
 | |
| argument must be one of 2, 8, 10, or 16.  For base 2, 8, or 16, the
 | |
| returned string is prefixed with a base marker of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'0b'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'0o'</span></code>, or
 | |
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'0x'</span></code>, respectively.  If <em>n</em> is not a Python int, it is converted with
 | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyNumber_Index" title="PyNumber_Index"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyNumber_Index()</span></code></a> first.</p>
 | |
| </dd></dl>
 | |
| 
 | |
| <dl class="c function">
 | |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyNumber_AsSsize_t">
 | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyNumber_AsSsize_t</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">exc</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyNumber_AsSsize_t" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | |
| <dd><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Returns <em>o</em> converted to a <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></code></a> value if <em>o</em> can be interpreted as an
 | |
| integer.  If the call fails, an exception is raised and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code> is returned.</p>
 | |
| <p>If <em>o</em> can be converted to a Python int but the attempt to
 | |
| convert to a <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></code></a> value would raise an <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OverflowError</span></code></a>, then the
 | |
| <em>exc</em> argument is the type of exception that will be raised (usually
 | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#IndexError" title="IndexError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IndexError</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OverflowError</span></code></a>).  If <em>exc</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>, then the
 | |
| exception is cleared and the value is clipped to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PY_SSIZE_T_MIN</span></code> for a negative
 | |
| integer or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PY_SSIZE_T_MAX</span></code> for a positive integer.</p>
 | |
| </dd></dl>
 | |
| 
 | |
| <dl class="c function">
 | |
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyIndex_Check">
 | |
| <span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyIndex_Check</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyIndex_Check" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | |
| <dd><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a> since version 3.8.</em><p>Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code> if <em>o</em> is an index integer (has the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">nb_index</span></code> slot of the
 | |
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tp_as_number</span></code> structure filled in), and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> otherwise.
 | |
| This function always succeeds.</p>
 | |
| </dd></dl>
 | |
| 
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| </section>
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