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|   <section id="data-marshalling-support">
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| <span id="marshalling-utils"></span><h1>Data marshalling support<a class="headerlink" href="#data-marshalling-support" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
 | ||
| <p>These routines allow C code to work with serialized objects using the same
 | ||
| data format as the <a class="reference internal" href="../library/marshal.html#module-marshal" title="marshal: Convert Python objects to streams of bytes and back (with different constraints)."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">marshal</span></code></a> module.  There are functions to write data
 | ||
| into the serialization format, and additional functions that can be used to
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| read the data back.  Files used to store marshalled data must be opened in
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| binary mode.</p>
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| <p>Numeric values are stored with the least significant byte first.</p>
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| <p>The module supports two versions of the data format: version 0 is the
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| historical version, version 1 shares interned strings in the file, and upon
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| unmarshalling.  Version 2 uses a binary format for floating-point numbers.
 | ||
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_MARSHAL_VERSION</span></code> indicates the current file format (currently 2).</p>
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| <dl class="c function">
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| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyMarshal_WriteLongToFile">
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| <span class="kt"><span class="pre">void</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyMarshal_WriteLongToFile</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">long</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span>, <span class="n"><span class="pre">FILE</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">file</span></span>, <span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">version</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyMarshal_WriteLongToFile" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | ||
| <dd><p>Marshal a <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">long</span></span> integer, <em>value</em>, to <em>file</em>.  This will only write
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| the least-significant 32 bits of <em>value</em>; regardless of the size of the
 | ||
| native <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">long</span></span> type.  <em>version</em> indicates the file format.</p>
 | ||
| <p>This function can fail, in which case it sets the error indicator.
 | ||
| Use <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#c.PyErr_Occurred" title="PyErr_Occurred"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_Occurred()</span></code></a> to check for that.</p>
 | ||
| </dd></dl>
 | ||
| 
 | ||
| <dl class="c function">
 | ||
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyMarshal_WriteObjectToFile">
 | ||
| <span class="kt"><span class="pre">void</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyMarshal_WriteObjectToFile</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span>, <span class="n"><span class="pre">FILE</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">file</span></span>, <span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">version</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyMarshal_WriteObjectToFile" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | ||
| <dd><p>Marshal a Python object, <em>value</em>, to <em>file</em>.
 | ||
| <em>version</em> indicates the file format.</p>
 | ||
| <p>This function can fail, in which case it sets the error indicator.
 | ||
| Use <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#c.PyErr_Occurred" title="PyErr_Occurred"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_Occurred()</span></code></a> to check for that.</p>
 | ||
| </dd></dl>
 | ||
| 
 | ||
| <dl class="c function">
 | ||
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyMarshal_WriteObjectToString">
 | ||
| <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyMarshal_WriteObjectToString</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span>, <span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">version</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyMarshal_WriteObjectToString" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | ||
| <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><p>Return a bytes object containing the marshalled representation of <em>value</em>.
 | ||
| <em>version</em> indicates the file format.</p>
 | ||
| </dd></dl>
 | ||
| 
 | ||
| <p>The following functions allow marshalled values to be read back in.</p>
 | ||
| <dl class="c function">
 | ||
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyMarshal_ReadLongFromFile">
 | ||
| <span class="kt"><span class="pre">long</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyMarshal_ReadLongFromFile</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="n"><span class="pre">FILE</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">file</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyMarshal_ReadLongFromFile" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | ||
| <dd><p>Return a C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">long</span></span> from the data stream in a <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="n">FILE</span><span class="p">*</span></span> opened
 | ||
| for reading.  Only a 32-bit value can be read in using this function,
 | ||
| regardless of the native size of <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">long</span></span>.</p>
 | ||
| <p>On error, sets the appropriate exception (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#EOFError" title="EOFError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EOFError</span></code></a>) and returns
 | ||
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code>.</p>
 | ||
| </dd></dl>
 | ||
| 
 | ||
| <dl class="c function">
 | ||
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyMarshal_ReadShortFromFile">
 | ||
| <span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyMarshal_ReadShortFromFile</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="n"><span class="pre">FILE</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">file</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyMarshal_ReadShortFromFile" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | ||
| <dd><p>Return a C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">short</span></span> from the data stream in a <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="n">FILE</span><span class="p">*</span></span> opened
 | ||
| for reading.  Only a 16-bit value can be read in using this function,
 | ||
| regardless of the native size of <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">short</span></span>.</p>
 | ||
| <p>On error, sets the appropriate exception (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#EOFError" title="EOFError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EOFError</span></code></a>) and returns
 | ||
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code>.</p>
 | ||
| </dd></dl>
 | ||
| 
 | ||
| <dl class="c function">
 | ||
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyMarshal_ReadObjectFromFile">
 | ||
| <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyMarshal_ReadObjectFromFile</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="n"><span class="pre">FILE</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">file</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyMarshal_ReadObjectFromFile" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | ||
| <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><p>Return a Python object from the data stream in a <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="n">FILE</span><span class="p">*</span></span> opened for
 | ||
| reading.</p>
 | ||
| <p>On error, sets the appropriate exception (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#EOFError" title="EOFError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EOFError</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a>
 | ||
| or <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a>) and returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>.</p>
 | ||
| </dd></dl>
 | ||
| 
 | ||
| <dl class="c function">
 | ||
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyMarshal_ReadLastObjectFromFile">
 | ||
| <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyMarshal_ReadLastObjectFromFile</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="n"><span class="pre">FILE</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">file</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyMarshal_ReadLastObjectFromFile" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | ||
| <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><p>Return a Python object from the data stream in a <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="n">FILE</span><span class="p">*</span></span> opened for
 | ||
| reading.  Unlike <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyMarshal_ReadObjectFromFile" title="PyMarshal_ReadObjectFromFile"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyMarshal_ReadObjectFromFile()</span></code></a>, this function
 | ||
| assumes that no further objects will be read from the file, allowing it to
 | ||
| aggressively load file data into memory so that the de-serialization can
 | ||
| operate from data in memory rather than reading a byte at a time from the
 | ||
| file.  Only use these variant if you are certain that you won’t be reading
 | ||
| anything else from the file.</p>
 | ||
| <p>On error, sets the appropriate exception (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#EOFError" title="EOFError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EOFError</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a>
 | ||
| or <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a>) and returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>.</p>
 | ||
| </dd></dl>
 | ||
| 
 | ||
| <dl class="c function">
 | ||
| <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyMarshal_ReadObjectFromString">
 | ||
| <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyMarshal_ReadObjectFromString</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">data</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">len</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyMarshal_ReadObjectFromString" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 | ||
| <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><p>Return a Python object from the data stream in a byte buffer
 | ||
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 | ||
| <p>On error, sets the appropriate exception (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#EOFError" title="EOFError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EOFError</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a>
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