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<section id="module-xml.sax">
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<span id="xml-sax-support-for-sax2-parsers"></span><h1><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.sax</span></code> — Support for SAX2 parsers<a class="headerlink" href="#module-xml.sax" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
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<p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="extlink-source reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.13/Lib/xml/sax/__init__.py">Lib/xml/sax/__init__.py</a></p>
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<hr class="docutils" />
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<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.sax" title="xml.sax: Package containing SAX2 base classes and convenience functions."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.sax</span></code></a> package provides a number of modules which implement the
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Simple API for XML (SAX) interface for Python. The package itself provides the
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SAX exceptions and the convenience functions which will be most used by users of
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the SAX API.</p>
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<div class="admonition warning">
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<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
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<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.sax" title="xml.sax: Package containing SAX2 base classes and convenience functions."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.sax</span></code></a> module is not secure against maliciously
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constructed data. If you need to parse untrusted or unauthenticated data see
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<a class="reference internal" href="xml.html#xml-vulnerabilities"><span class="std std-ref">XML vulnerabilities</span></a>.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="versionchanged">
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<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.7.1: </span>The SAX parser no longer processes general external entities by default
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to increase security. Before, the parser created network connections
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to fetch remote files or loaded local files from the file
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system for DTD and entities. The feature can be enabled again with method
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<a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.reader.html#xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader.setFeature" title="xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader.setFeature"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setFeature()</span></code></a> on the parser object
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and argument <a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.handler.html#xml.sax.handler.feature_external_ges" title="xml.sax.handler.feature_external_ges"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">feature_external_ges</span></code></a>.</p>
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</div>
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<p>The convenience functions are:</p>
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<dl class="py function">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.sax.make_parser">
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<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">xml.sax.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">make_parser</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">parser_list</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">[]</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.sax.make_parser" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Create and return a SAX <a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.reader.html#xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader" title="xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">XMLReader</span></code></a> object. The
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first parser found will
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be used. If <em>parser_list</em> is provided, it must be an iterable of strings which
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name modules that have a function named <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">create_parser()</span></code>. Modules listed
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in <em>parser_list</em> will be used before modules in the default list of parsers.</p>
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<div class="versionchanged">
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<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.8: </span>The <em>parser_list</em> argument can be any iterable, not just a list.</p>
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</div>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="py function">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.sax.parse">
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<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">xml.sax.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">parse</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">filename_or_stream</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">handler</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">error_handler</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">handler.ErrorHandler()</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.sax.parse" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Create a SAX parser and use it to parse a document. The document, passed in as
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<em>filename_or_stream</em>, can be a filename or a file object. The <em>handler</em>
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parameter needs to be a SAX <a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.handler.html#xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler" title="xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ContentHandler</span></code></a> instance. If
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<em>error_handler</em> is given, it must be a SAX <a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.handler.html#xml.sax.handler.ErrorHandler" title="xml.sax.handler.ErrorHandler"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ErrorHandler</span></code></a>
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instance; if
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omitted, <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.sax.SAXParseException" title="xml.sax.SAXParseException"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SAXParseException</span></code></a> will be raised on all errors. There is no
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return value; all work must be done by the <em>handler</em> passed in.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="py function">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.sax.parseString">
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<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">xml.sax.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">parseString</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">string</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">handler</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">error_handler</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">handler.ErrorHandler()</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.sax.parseString" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.sax.parse" title="xml.sax.parse"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parse()</span></code></a>, but parses from a buffer <em>string</em> received as a
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parameter. <em>string</em> must be a <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a> instance or a
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<a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a>.</p>
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<div class="versionchanged">
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<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.5: </span>Added support of <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a> instances.</p>
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</div>
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</dd></dl>
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<p>A typical SAX application uses three kinds of objects: readers, handlers and
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input sources. “Reader” in this context is another term for parser, i.e. some
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piece of code that reads the bytes or characters from the input source, and
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produces a sequence of events. The events then get distributed to the handler
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objects, i.e. the reader invokes a method on the handler. A SAX application
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must therefore obtain a reader object, create or open the input sources, create
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the handlers, and connect these objects all together. As the final step of
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preparation, the reader is called to parse the input. During parsing, methods on
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the handler objects are called based on structural and syntactic events from the
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input data.</p>
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<p>For these objects, only the interfaces are relevant; they are normally not
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instantiated by the application itself. Since Python does not have an explicit
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notion of interface, they are formally introduced as classes, but applications
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may use implementations which do not inherit from the provided classes. The
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<a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.reader.html#xml.sax.xmlreader.InputSource" title="xml.sax.xmlreader.InputSource"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">InputSource</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.reader.html#xml.sax.xmlreader.Locator" title="xml.sax.xmlreader.Locator"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Locator</span></code></a>,
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<code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Attributes</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AttributesNS</span></code>,
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and <a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.reader.html#xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader" title="xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">XMLReader</span></code></a> interfaces are defined in the
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module <a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.reader.html#module-xml.sax.xmlreader" title="xml.sax.xmlreader: Interface which SAX-compliant XML parsers must implement."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.sax.xmlreader</span></code></a>. The handler interfaces are defined in
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<a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.handler.html#module-xml.sax.handler" title="xml.sax.handler: Base classes for SAX event handlers."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.sax.handler</span></code></a>. For convenience,
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<a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.reader.html#xml.sax.xmlreader.InputSource" title="xml.sax.xmlreader.InputSource"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">InputSource</span></code></a> (which is often
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instantiated directly) and the handler classes are also available from
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<a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.sax" title="xml.sax: Package containing SAX2 base classes and convenience functions."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.sax</span></code></a>. These interfaces are described below.</p>
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<p>In addition to these classes, <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.sax" title="xml.sax: Package containing SAX2 base classes and convenience functions."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.sax</span></code></a> provides the following exception
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classes.</p>
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<dl class="py exception">
|
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.sax.SAXException">
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<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">exception</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">xml.sax.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">SAXException</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">msg</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">exception</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.sax.SAXException" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Encapsulate an XML error or warning. This class can contain basic error or
|
|
warning information from either the XML parser or the application: it can be
|
|
subclassed to provide additional functionality or to add localization. Note
|
|
that although the handlers defined in the
|
|
<a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.handler.html#xml.sax.handler.ErrorHandler" title="xml.sax.handler.ErrorHandler"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ErrorHandler</span></code></a> interface
|
|
receive instances of this exception, it is not required to actually raise the
|
|
exception — it is also useful as a container for information.</p>
|
|
<p>When instantiated, <em>msg</em> should be a human-readable description of the error.
|
|
The optional <em>exception</em> parameter, if given, should be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> or an exception
|
|
that was caught by the parsing code and is being passed along as information.</p>
|
|
<p>This is the base class for the other SAX exception classes.</p>
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl class="py exception">
|
|
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.sax.SAXParseException">
|
|
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">exception</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">xml.sax.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">SAXParseException</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">msg</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">exception</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">locator</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.sax.SAXParseException" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.sax.SAXException" title="xml.sax.SAXException"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SAXException</span></code></a> raised on parse errors. Instances of this
|
|
class are passed to the methods of the SAX
|
|
<a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.handler.html#xml.sax.handler.ErrorHandler" title="xml.sax.handler.ErrorHandler"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ErrorHandler</span></code></a> interface to provide information
|
|
about the parse error. This class supports the SAX
|
|
<a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.reader.html#xml.sax.xmlreader.Locator" title="xml.sax.xmlreader.Locator"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Locator</span></code></a> interface as well as the
|
|
<a class="reference internal" href="#xml.sax.SAXException" title="xml.sax.SAXException"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SAXException</span></code></a> interface.</p>
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl class="py exception">
|
|
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.sax.SAXNotRecognizedException">
|
|
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">exception</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">xml.sax.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">SAXNotRecognizedException</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">msg</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">exception</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.sax.SAXNotRecognizedException" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.sax.SAXException" title="xml.sax.SAXException"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SAXException</span></code></a> raised when a SAX
|
|
<a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.reader.html#xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader" title="xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">XMLReader</span></code></a> is
|
|
confronted with an unrecognized feature or property. SAX applications and
|
|
extensions may use this class for similar purposes.</p>
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl class="py exception">
|
|
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.sax.SAXNotSupportedException">
|
|
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">exception</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">xml.sax.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">SAXNotSupportedException</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">msg</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">exception</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.sax.SAXNotSupportedException" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.sax.SAXException" title="xml.sax.SAXException"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SAXException</span></code></a> raised when a SAX
|
|
<a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.reader.html#xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader" title="xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">XMLReader</span></code></a> is asked to
|
|
enable a feature that is not supported, or to set a property to a value that the
|
|
implementation does not support. SAX applications and extensions may use this
|
|
class for similar purposes.</p>
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|
|
|
<div class="admonition seealso">
|
|
<p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
|
|
<dl class="simple">
|
|
<dt><a class="reference external" href="http://www.saxproject.org/">SAX: The Simple API for XML</a></dt><dd><p>This site is the focal point for the definition of the SAX API. It provides a
|
|
Java implementation and online documentation. Links to implementations and
|
|
historical information are also available.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.handler.html#module-xml.sax.handler" title="xml.sax.handler: Base classes for SAX event handlers."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.sax.handler</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>Definitions of the interfaces for application-provided objects.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.utils.html#module-xml.sax.saxutils" title="xml.sax.saxutils: Convenience functions and classes for use with SAX."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.sax.saxutils</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>Convenience functions for use in SAX applications.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.reader.html#module-xml.sax.xmlreader" title="xml.sax.xmlreader: Interface which SAX-compliant XML parsers must implement."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.sax.xmlreader</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>Definitions of the interfaces for parser-provided objects.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<section id="saxexception-objects">
|
|
<span id="sax-exception-objects"></span><h2>SAXException Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#saxexception-objects" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.sax.SAXException" title="xml.sax.SAXException"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SAXException</span></code></a> exception class supports the following methods:</p>
|
|
<dl class="py method">
|
|
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.sax.SAXException.getMessage">
|
|
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">SAXException.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getMessage</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.sax.SAXException.getMessage" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Return a human-readable message describing the error condition.</p>
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl class="py method">
|
|
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.sax.SAXException.getException">
|
|
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">SAXException.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getException</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.sax.SAXException.getException" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Return an encapsulated exception object, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p>
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
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</section>
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