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  <section id="module-xml.dom.pulldom">
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<span id="xml-dom-pulldom-support-for-building-partial-dom-trees"></span><h1><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.pulldom</span></code> — Support for building partial DOM trees<a class="headerlink" href="#module-xml.dom.pulldom" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
 | 
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<p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="extlink-source reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.13/Lib/xml/dom/pulldom.py">Lib/xml/dom/pulldom.py</a></p>
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<hr class="docutils" />
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<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.pulldom" title="xml.dom.pulldom: Support for building partial DOM trees from SAX events."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.pulldom</span></code></a> module provides a “pull parser” which can also be
 | 
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asked to produce DOM-accessible fragments of the document where necessary. The
 | 
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basic concept involves pulling “events” from a stream of incoming XML and
 | 
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processing them. In contrast to SAX which also employs an event-driven
 | 
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processing model together with callbacks, the user of a pull parser is
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responsible for explicitly pulling events from the stream, looping over those
 | 
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events until either processing is finished or an error condition occurs.</p>
 | 
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<div class="admonition warning">
 | 
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<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
 | 
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<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.pulldom" title="xml.dom.pulldom: Support for building partial DOM trees from SAX events."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.pulldom</span></code></a> module is not secure against
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maliciously constructed data.  If you need to parse untrusted or
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unauthenticated data see <a class="reference internal" href="xml.html#xml-vulnerabilities"><span class="std std-ref">XML vulnerabilities</span></a>.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="versionchanged">
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<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.7.1: </span>The SAX parser no longer processes general external entities by default to
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increase security by default. To enable processing of external entities,
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pass a custom parser instance in:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">xml.dom.pulldom</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">parse</span>
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<span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">xml.sax</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">make_parser</span>
 | 
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<span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">xml.sax.handler</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">feature_external_ges</span>
 | 
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<span class="n">parser</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">make_parser</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setFeature</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">feature_external_ges</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="n">parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">parser</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<p>Example:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">xml.dom</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">pulldom</span>
 | 
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<span class="n">doc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pulldom</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'sales_items.xml'</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">event</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">node</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">doc</span><span class="p">:</span>
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						|
    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">event</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">pulldom</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">START_ELEMENT</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tagName</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">'item'</span><span class="p">:</span>
 | 
						|
        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getAttribute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'price'</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">></span> <span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">:</span>
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						|
            <span class="n">doc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">expandNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">)</span>
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						|
            <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">toxml</span><span class="p">())</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">event</span></code> is a constant and can be one of:</p>
 | 
						|
<ul class="simple">
 | 
						|
<li><p><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">START_ELEMENT</span></code></p></li>
 | 
						|
<li><p><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">END_ELEMENT</span></code></p></li>
 | 
						|
<li><p><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">COMMENT</span></code></p></li>
 | 
						|
<li><p><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">START_DOCUMENT</span></code></p></li>
 | 
						|
<li><p><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">END_DOCUMENT</span></code></p></li>
 | 
						|
<li><p><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CHARACTERS</span></code></p></li>
 | 
						|
<li><p><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION</span></code></p></li>
 | 
						|
<li><p><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IGNORABLE_WHITESPACE</span></code></p></li>
 | 
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</ul>
 | 
						|
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">node</span></code> is an object of type <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom.Document</span></code>,
 | 
						|
<code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom.Element</span></code> or <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom.Text</span></code>.</p>
 | 
						|
<p>Since the document is treated as a “flat” stream of events, the document “tree”
 | 
						|
is implicitly traversed and the desired elements are found regardless of their
 | 
						|
depth in the tree. In other words, one does not need to consider hierarchical
 | 
						|
issues such as recursive searching of the document nodes, although if the
 | 
						|
context of elements were important, one would either need to maintain some
 | 
						|
context-related state (i.e. remembering where one is in the document at any
 | 
						|
given point) or to make use of the <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream.expandNode" title="xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream.expandNode"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DOMEventStream.expandNode()</span></code></a> method
 | 
						|
and switch to DOM-related processing.</p>
 | 
						|
<dl class="py class">
 | 
						|
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.dom.pulldom.PullDom">
 | 
						|
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">class</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">xml.dom.pulldom.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">PullDom</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">documentFactory</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.PullDom" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 | 
						|
<dd><p>Subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.handler.html#xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler" title="xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler</span></code></a>.</p>
 | 
						|
</dd></dl>
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
<dl class="py class">
 | 
						|
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.dom.pulldom.SAX2DOM">
 | 
						|
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">class</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">xml.dom.pulldom.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">SAX2DOM</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">documentFactory</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.SAX2DOM" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 | 
						|
<dd><p>Subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.handler.html#xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler" title="xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler</span></code></a>.</p>
 | 
						|
</dd></dl>
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
<dl class="py function">
 | 
						|
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.dom.pulldom.parse">
 | 
						|
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">xml.dom.pulldom.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">parse</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">stream_or_string</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">parser</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">bufsize</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.parse" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 | 
						|
<dd><p>Return a <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream" title="xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DOMEventStream</span></code></a> from the given input. <em>stream_or_string</em> may be
 | 
						|
either a file name, or a file-like object. <em>parser</em>, if given, must be an
 | 
						|
<a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.reader.html#xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader" title="xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">XMLReader</span></code></a> object. This function will change the
 | 
						|
document handler of the
 | 
						|
parser and activate namespace support; other parser configuration (like
 | 
						|
setting an entity resolver) must have been done in advance.</p>
 | 
						|
</dd></dl>
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
<p>If you have XML in a string, you can use the <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.parseString" title="xml.dom.pulldom.parseString"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parseString()</span></code></a> function instead:</p>
 | 
						|
<dl class="py function">
 | 
						|
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.dom.pulldom.parseString">
 | 
						|
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">xml.dom.pulldom.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">parseString</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">string</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">parser</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.parseString" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 | 
						|
<dd><p>Return a <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream" title="xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DOMEventStream</span></code></a> that represents the (Unicode) <em>string</em>.</p>
 | 
						|
</dd></dl>
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
<dl class="py data">
 | 
						|
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.dom.pulldom.default_bufsize">
 | 
						|
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">xml.dom.pulldom.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">default_bufsize</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.default_bufsize" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 | 
						|
<dd><p>Default value for the <em>bufsize</em> parameter to <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.parse" title="xml.dom.pulldom.parse"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parse()</span></code></a>.</p>
 | 
						|
<p>The value of this variable can be changed before calling <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.parse" title="xml.dom.pulldom.parse"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parse()</span></code></a> and
 | 
						|
the new value will take effect.</p>
 | 
						|
</dd></dl>
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
<section id="domeventstream-objects">
 | 
						|
<span id="id1"></span><h2>DOMEventStream Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#domeventstream-objects" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 | 
						|
<dl class="py class">
 | 
						|
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream">
 | 
						|
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">class</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">xml.dom.pulldom.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">DOMEventStream</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">stream</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">parser</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">bufsize</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 | 
						|
<dd><div class="versionchanged">
 | 
						|
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.11: </span>Support for <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__getitem__" title="object.__getitem__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__getitem__()</span></code></a> method has been removed.</p>
 | 
						|
</div>
 | 
						|
<dl class="py method">
 | 
						|
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream.getEvent">
 | 
						|
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getEvent</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream.getEvent" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 | 
						|
<dd><p>Return a tuple containing <em>event</em> and the current <em>node</em> as
 | 
						|
<code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom.Document</span></code> if event equals <code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">START_DOCUMENT</span></code>,
 | 
						|
<code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom.Element</span></code> if event equals <code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">START_ELEMENT</span></code> or
 | 
						|
<code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">END_ELEMENT</span></code> or <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom.Text</span></code> if event equals
 | 
						|
<code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CHARACTERS</span></code>.
 | 
						|
The current node does not contain information about its children, unless
 | 
						|
<a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream.expandNode" title="xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream.expandNode"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">expandNode()</span></code></a> is called.</p>
 | 
						|
</dd></dl>
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
<dl class="py method">
 | 
						|
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream.expandNode">
 | 
						|
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">expandNode</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">node</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream.expandNode" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 | 
						|
<dd><p>Expands all children of <em>node</em> into <em>node</em>. Example:</p>
 | 
						|
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">xml.dom</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">pulldom</span>
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
<span class="n">xml</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'<html><title>Foo</title> <p>Some text <div>and more</div></p> </html>'</span>
 | 
						|
<span class="n">doc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pulldom</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parseString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">xml</span><span class="p">)</span>
 | 
						|
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">event</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">node</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">doc</span><span class="p">:</span>
 | 
						|
    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">event</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">pulldom</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">START_ELEMENT</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tagName</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">'p'</span><span class="p">:</span>
 | 
						|
        <span class="c1"># Following statement only prints '<p/>'</span>
 | 
						|
        <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">toxml</span><span class="p">())</span>
 | 
						|
        <span class="n">doc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">expandNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">)</span>
 | 
						|
        <span class="c1"># Following statement prints node with all its children '<p>Some text <div>and more</div></p>'</span>
 | 
						|
        <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">toxml</span><span class="p">())</span>
 | 
						|
</pre></div>
 | 
						|
</div>
 | 
						|
</dd></dl>
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
<dl class="py method">
 | 
						|
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream.reset">
 | 
						|
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">reset</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream.reset" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 | 
						|
<dd></dd></dl>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.pulldom</span></code> — Support for building partial DOM trees</a><ul>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#domeventstream-objects">DOMEventStream Objects</a></li>
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