mirror of
				https://github.com/bunny-lab-io/Borealis.git
				synced 2025-11-03 19:41:57 -07:00 
			
		
		
		
	
		
			
				
	
	
		
			347 lines
		
	
	
		
			16 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			HTML
		
	
	
	
	
	
			
		
		
	
	
			347 lines
		
	
	
		
			16 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			HTML
		
	
	
	
	
	
<!DOCTYPE html>
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
<html lang="en" data-content_root="../">
 | 
						||
  <head>
 | 
						||
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
 | 
						||
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
 | 
						||
<meta property="og:title" content="Python HOWTOs" />
 | 
						||
<meta property="og:type" content="website" />
 | 
						||
<meta property="og:url" content="https://docs.python.org/3/howto/index.html" />
 | 
						||
<meta property="og:site_name" content="Python documentation" />
 | 
						||
<meta property="og:description" content="Python HOWTOs are documents that cover a specific topic in-depth. Modeled on the Linux Documentation Project’s HOWTO collection, this collection is an effort to foster documentation that’s more det..." />
 | 
						||
<meta property="og:image" content="https://docs.python.org/3/_static/og-image.png" />
 | 
						||
<meta property="og:image:alt" content="Python documentation" />
 | 
						||
<meta name="description" content="Python HOWTOs are documents that cover a specific topic in-depth. Modeled on the Linux Documentation Project’s HOWTO collection, this collection is an effort to foster documentation that’s more det..." />
 | 
						||
<meta property="og:image:width" content="200">
 | 
						||
<meta property="og:image:height" content="200">
 | 
						||
<meta name="theme-color" content="#3776ab">
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
    <title>Python HOWTOs — Python 3.13.3 documentation</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
 | 
						||
    
 | 
						||
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/pygments.css?v=b86133f3" />
 | 
						||
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/pydoctheme.css?v=23252803" />
 | 
						||
    <link id="pygments_dark_css" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/pygments_dark.css?v=5349f25f" />
 | 
						||
    
 | 
						||
    <script src="../_static/documentation_options.js?v=5d57ca2d"></script>
 | 
						||
    <script src="../_static/doctools.js?v=9bcbadda"></script>
 | 
						||
    <script src="../_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
 | 
						||
    
 | 
						||
    <script src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script>
 | 
						||
    
 | 
						||
    <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml"
 | 
						||
          title="Search within Python 3.13.3 documentation"
 | 
						||
          href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/>
 | 
						||
    <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" />
 | 
						||
    <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" />
 | 
						||
    <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" />
 | 
						||
    <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" />
 | 
						||
    <link rel="next" title="Porting Extension Modules to Python 3" href="cporting.html" />
 | 
						||
    <link rel="prev" title="Installing Python Modules" href="../installing/index.html" />
 | 
						||
    
 | 
						||
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://docs.python.org/3/howto/index.html">
 | 
						||
    
 | 
						||
      
 | 
						||
    
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
    
 | 
						||
    <style>
 | 
						||
      @media only screen {
 | 
						||
        table.full-width-table {
 | 
						||
            width: 100%;
 | 
						||
        }
 | 
						||
      }
 | 
						||
    </style>
 | 
						||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pydoctheme_dark.css" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" id="pydoctheme_dark_css">
 | 
						||
    <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.svg" />
 | 
						||
            <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script>
 | 
						||
            <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/menu.js"></script>
 | 
						||
            <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/search-focus.js"></script>
 | 
						||
            <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/themetoggle.js"></script> 
 | 
						||
            <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/rtd_switcher.js"></script>
 | 
						||
            <meta name="readthedocs-addons-api-version" content="1">
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
  </head>
 | 
						||
<body>
 | 
						||
<div class="mobile-nav">
 | 
						||
    <input type="checkbox" id="menuToggler" class="toggler__input" aria-controls="navigation"
 | 
						||
           aria-pressed="false" aria-expanded="false" role="button" aria-label="Menu" />
 | 
						||
    <nav class="nav-content" role="navigation">
 | 
						||
        <label for="menuToggler" class="toggler__label">
 | 
						||
            <span></span>
 | 
						||
        </label>
 | 
						||
        <span class="nav-items-wrapper">
 | 
						||
            <a href="https://www.python.org/" class="nav-logo">
 | 
						||
                <img src="../_static/py.svg" alt="Python logo"/>
 | 
						||
            </a>
 | 
						||
            <span class="version_switcher_placeholder"></span>
 | 
						||
            <form role="search" class="search" action="../search.html" method="get">
 | 
						||
                <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="search-icon">
 | 
						||
                    <path fill-rule="nonzero" fill="currentColor" d="M15.5 14h-.79l-.28-.27a6.5 6.5 0 001.48-5.34c-.47-2.78-2.79-5-5.59-5.34a6.505 6.505 0 00-7.27 7.27c.34 2.8 2.56 5.12 5.34 5.59a6.5 6.5 0 005.34-1.48l.27.28v.79l4.25 4.25c.41.41 1.08.41 1.49 0 .41-.41.41-1.08 0-1.49L15.5 14zm-6 0C7.01 14 5 11.99 5 9.5S7.01 5 9.5 5 14 7.01 14 9.5 11.99 14 9.5 14z"></path>
 | 
						||
                </svg>
 | 
						||
                <input placeholder="Quick search" aria-label="Quick search" type="search" name="q" />
 | 
						||
                <input type="submit" value="Go"/>
 | 
						||
            </form>
 | 
						||
        </span>
 | 
						||
    </nav>
 | 
						||
    <div class="menu-wrapper">
 | 
						||
        <nav class="menu" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
 | 
						||
            <div class="language_switcher_placeholder"></div>
 | 
						||
            
 | 
						||
<label class="theme-selector-label">
 | 
						||
    Theme
 | 
						||
    <select class="theme-selector" oninput="activateTheme(this.value)">
 | 
						||
        <option value="auto" selected>Auto</option>
 | 
						||
        <option value="light">Light</option>
 | 
						||
        <option value="dark">Dark</option>
 | 
						||
    </select>
 | 
						||
</label>
 | 
						||
  <div>
 | 
						||
    <h4>Previous topic</h4>
 | 
						||
    <p class="topless"><a href="../installing/index.html"
 | 
						||
                          title="previous chapter">Installing Python Modules</a></p>
 | 
						||
  </div>
 | 
						||
  <div>
 | 
						||
    <h4>Next topic</h4>
 | 
						||
    <p class="topless"><a href="cporting.html"
 | 
						||
                          title="next chapter">Porting Extension Modules to Python 3</a></p>
 | 
						||
  </div>
 | 
						||
  <div role="note" aria-label="source link">
 | 
						||
    <h3>This Page</h3>
 | 
						||
    <ul class="this-page-menu">
 | 
						||
      <li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a Bug</a></li>
 | 
						||
      <li>
 | 
						||
        <a href="https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Doc/howto/index.rst"
 | 
						||
            rel="nofollow">Show Source
 | 
						||
        </a>
 | 
						||
      </li>
 | 
						||
    </ul>
 | 
						||
  </div>
 | 
						||
        </nav>
 | 
						||
    </div>
 | 
						||
</div>
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
  
 | 
						||
    <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="Related">
 | 
						||
      <h3>Navigation</h3>
 | 
						||
      <ul>
 | 
						||
        <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
 | 
						||
          <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index"
 | 
						||
             accesskey="I">index</a></li>
 | 
						||
        <li class="right" >
 | 
						||
          <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
 | 
						||
             >modules</a> |</li>
 | 
						||
        <li class="right" >
 | 
						||
          <a href="cporting.html" title="Porting Extension Modules to Python 3"
 | 
						||
             accesskey="N">next</a> |</li>
 | 
						||
        <li class="right" >
 | 
						||
          <a href="../installing/index.html" title="Installing Python Modules"
 | 
						||
             accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li>
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
          <li><img src="../_static/py.svg" alt="Python logo" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li>
 | 
						||
          <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li>
 | 
						||
          <li class="switchers">
 | 
						||
            <div class="language_switcher_placeholder"></div>
 | 
						||
            <div class="version_switcher_placeholder"></div>
 | 
						||
          </li>
 | 
						||
          <li>
 | 
						||
              
 | 
						||
          </li>
 | 
						||
    <li id="cpython-language-and-version">
 | 
						||
      <a href="../index.html">3.13.3 Documentation</a> »
 | 
						||
    </li>
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
        <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Python HOWTOs</a></li>
 | 
						||
                <li class="right">
 | 
						||
                    
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
    <div class="inline-search" role="search">
 | 
						||
        <form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get">
 | 
						||
          <input placeholder="Quick search" aria-label="Quick search" type="search" name="q" id="search-box" />
 | 
						||
          <input type="submit" value="Go" />
 | 
						||
        </form>
 | 
						||
    </div>
 | 
						||
                     |
 | 
						||
                </li>
 | 
						||
            <li class="right">
 | 
						||
<label class="theme-selector-label">
 | 
						||
    Theme
 | 
						||
    <select class="theme-selector" oninput="activateTheme(this.value)">
 | 
						||
        <option value="auto" selected>Auto</option>
 | 
						||
        <option value="light">Light</option>
 | 
						||
        <option value="dark">Dark</option>
 | 
						||
    </select>
 | 
						||
</label> |</li>
 | 
						||
            
 | 
						||
      </ul>
 | 
						||
    </div>    
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
    <div class="document">
 | 
						||
      <div class="documentwrapper">
 | 
						||
        <div class="bodywrapper">
 | 
						||
          <div class="body" role="main">
 | 
						||
            
 | 
						||
  <section id="python-howtos">
 | 
						||
<h1>Python HOWTOs<a class="headerlink" href="#python-howtos" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
 | 
						||
<p>Python HOWTOs are documents that cover a specific topic in-depth.
 | 
						||
Modeled on the Linux Documentation Project’s HOWTO collection, this collection is an
 | 
						||
effort to foster documentation that’s more detailed than the
 | 
						||
Python Library Reference.</p>
 | 
						||
<div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
 | 
						||
</div>
 | 
						||
<p>General:</p>
 | 
						||
<ul class="simple">
 | 
						||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="annotations.html#annotations-howto"><span class="std std-ref">Annotations Best Practices</span></a></p></li>
 | 
						||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="argparse.html#argparse-tutorial"><span class="std std-ref">Argparse Tutorial</span></a></p></li>
 | 
						||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="descriptor.html#descriptorhowto"><span class="std std-ref">Descriptor Guide</span></a></p></li>
 | 
						||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="enum.html#enum-howto"><span class="std std-ref">Enum HOWTO</span></a></p></li>
 | 
						||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="functional.html#functional-howto"><span class="std std-ref">Functional Programming HOWTO</span></a></p></li>
 | 
						||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="ipaddress.html#ipaddress-howto"><span class="std std-ref">An introduction to the ipaddress module</span></a></p></li>
 | 
						||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="logging.html#logging-howto"><span class="std std-ref">Logging HOWTO</span></a></p></li>
 | 
						||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="logging-cookbook.html#logging-cookbook"><span class="std std-ref">Logging Cookbook</span></a></p></li>
 | 
						||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="regex.html#regex-howto"><span class="std std-ref">Regular Expression HOWTO</span></a></p></li>
 | 
						||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="sorting.html#sortinghowto"><span class="std std-ref">Sorting Techniques</span></a></p></li>
 | 
						||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="unicode.html#unicode-howto"><span class="std std-ref">Unicode HOWTO</span></a></p></li>
 | 
						||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="urllib2.html#urllib-howto"><span class="std std-ref">HOWTO Fetch Internet Resources Using The urllib Package</span></a></p></li>
 | 
						||
</ul>
 | 
						||
<p>Advanced development:</p>
 | 
						||
<ul class="simple">
 | 
						||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="curses.html#curses-howto"><span class="std std-ref">Curses Programming with Python</span></a></p></li>
 | 
						||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="free-threading-python.html#freethreading-python-howto"><span class="std std-ref">Python experimental support for free threading</span></a></p></li>
 | 
						||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="free-threading-extensions.html#freethreading-extensions-howto"><span class="std std-ref">C API Extension Support for Free Threading</span></a></p></li>
 | 
						||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="isolating-extensions.html#isolating-extensions-howto"><span class="std std-ref">Isolating Extension Modules</span></a></p></li>
 | 
						||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="mro.html#python-2-3-mro"><span class="std std-ref">The Python 2.3 Method Resolution Order</span></a></p></li>
 | 
						||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="sockets.html#socket-howto"><span class="std std-ref">Socket Programming HOWTO</span></a></p></li>
 | 
						||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="timerfd.html#timerfd-howto"><span class="std std-ref">timer file descriptor HOWTO</span></a></p></li>
 | 
						||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="cporting.html#cporting-howto"><span class="std std-ref">Porting Extension Modules to Python 3</span></a></p></li>
 | 
						||
</ul>
 | 
						||
<p>Debugging and profiling:</p>
 | 
						||
<ul class="simple">
 | 
						||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="gdb_helpers.html#gdb"><span class="std std-ref">Debugging C API extensions and CPython Internals with GDB</span></a></p></li>
 | 
						||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="instrumentation.html#instrumentation"><span class="std std-ref">Instrumenting CPython with DTrace and SystemTap</span></a></p></li>
 | 
						||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="perf_profiling.html#perf-profiling"><span class="std std-ref">Python support for the Linux perf profiler</span></a></p></li>
 | 
						||
</ul>
 | 
						||
</section>
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
            <div class="clearer"></div>
 | 
						||
          </div>
 | 
						||
        </div>
 | 
						||
      </div>
 | 
						||
      <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="Main">
 | 
						||
        <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
 | 
						||
  <div>
 | 
						||
    <h4>Previous topic</h4>
 | 
						||
    <p class="topless"><a href="../installing/index.html"
 | 
						||
                          title="previous chapter">Installing Python Modules</a></p>
 | 
						||
  </div>
 | 
						||
  <div>
 | 
						||
    <h4>Next topic</h4>
 | 
						||
    <p class="topless"><a href="cporting.html"
 | 
						||
                          title="next chapter">Porting Extension Modules to Python 3</a></p>
 | 
						||
  </div>
 | 
						||
  <div role="note" aria-label="source link">
 | 
						||
    <h3>This Page</h3>
 | 
						||
    <ul class="this-page-menu">
 | 
						||
      <li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a Bug</a></li>
 | 
						||
      <li>
 | 
						||
        <a href="https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Doc/howto/index.rst"
 | 
						||
            rel="nofollow">Show Source
 | 
						||
        </a>
 | 
						||
      </li>
 | 
						||
    </ul>
 | 
						||
  </div>
 | 
						||
        </div>
 | 
						||
<div id="sidebarbutton" title="Collapse sidebar">
 | 
						||
<span>«</span>
 | 
						||
</div>
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
      </div>
 | 
						||
      <div class="clearer"></div>
 | 
						||
    </div>  
 | 
						||
    <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="Related">
 | 
						||
      <h3>Navigation</h3>
 | 
						||
      <ul>
 | 
						||
        <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
 | 
						||
          <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index"
 | 
						||
             >index</a></li>
 | 
						||
        <li class="right" >
 | 
						||
          <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
 | 
						||
             >modules</a> |</li>
 | 
						||
        <li class="right" >
 | 
						||
          <a href="cporting.html" title="Porting Extension Modules to Python 3"
 | 
						||
             >next</a> |</li>
 | 
						||
        <li class="right" >
 | 
						||
          <a href="../installing/index.html" title="Installing Python Modules"
 | 
						||
             >previous</a> |</li>
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
          <li><img src="../_static/py.svg" alt="Python logo" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li>
 | 
						||
          <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li>
 | 
						||
          <li class="switchers">
 | 
						||
            <div class="language_switcher_placeholder"></div>
 | 
						||
            <div class="version_switcher_placeholder"></div>
 | 
						||
          </li>
 | 
						||
          <li>
 | 
						||
              
 | 
						||
          </li>
 | 
						||
    <li id="cpython-language-and-version">
 | 
						||
      <a href="../index.html">3.13.3 Documentation</a> »
 | 
						||
    </li>
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
        <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Python HOWTOs</a></li>
 | 
						||
                <li class="right">
 | 
						||
                    
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
    <div class="inline-search" role="search">
 | 
						||
        <form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get">
 | 
						||
          <input placeholder="Quick search" aria-label="Quick search" type="search" name="q" id="search-box" />
 | 
						||
          <input type="submit" value="Go" />
 | 
						||
        </form>
 | 
						||
    </div>
 | 
						||
                     |
 | 
						||
                </li>
 | 
						||
            <li class="right">
 | 
						||
<label class="theme-selector-label">
 | 
						||
    Theme
 | 
						||
    <select class="theme-selector" oninput="activateTheme(this.value)">
 | 
						||
        <option value="auto" selected>Auto</option>
 | 
						||
        <option value="light">Light</option>
 | 
						||
        <option value="dark">Dark</option>
 | 
						||
    </select>
 | 
						||
</label> |</li>
 | 
						||
            
 | 
						||
      </ul>
 | 
						||
    </div>  
 | 
						||
    <div class="footer">
 | 
						||
    © 
 | 
						||
      <a href="../copyright.html">
 | 
						||
    
 | 
						||
    Copyright
 | 
						||
    
 | 
						||
      </a>
 | 
						||
     2001-2025, Python Software Foundation.
 | 
						||
    <br />
 | 
						||
    This page is licensed under the Python Software Foundation License Version 2.
 | 
						||
    <br />
 | 
						||
    Examples, recipes, and other code in the documentation are additionally licensed under the Zero Clause BSD License.
 | 
						||
    <br />
 | 
						||
    
 | 
						||
      See <a href="/license.html">History and License</a> for more information.<br />
 | 
						||
    
 | 
						||
    
 | 
						||
    <br />
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
    The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation.
 | 
						||
<a href="https://www.python.org/psf/donations/">Please donate.</a>
 | 
						||
<br />
 | 
						||
    <br />
 | 
						||
      Last updated on Apr 08, 2025 (14:33 UTC).
 | 
						||
    
 | 
						||
      <a href="/bugs.html">Found a bug</a>?
 | 
						||
    
 | 
						||
    <br />
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
    Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 8.2.3.
 | 
						||
    </div>
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
  </body>
 | 
						||
</html> |