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# Changing Windows Editions
### Changing Editions:
Windows Server: `DISM /ONLINE /set-edition:serverstandard /productkey:AAAAA-BBBBB-CCCCC-DDDDD-EEEEE /AcceptEula`
Windows (Home/Pro): `DISM /ONLINE /set-edition:professional /productkey:AAAAA-BBBBB-CCCCC-DDDDD-EEEEE /AcceptEula`
### Force Activation / Edition Switcher:
`irm https://get.activated.win | iex`
## Generic Install Keys
### Windows 10
| Windows Edition | RTM Generic Key (Retail) | [**KMS Client Setup Key**](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-R2-and-2012/jj612867(v%3dws.11)) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Windows 10 Home | YTMG3-N6DKC-DKB77-7M9GH-8HVX7 | TX9XD-98N7V-6WMQ6-BX7FG-H8Q99 |
| Windows 10 Home N | 4CPRK-NM3K3-X6XXQ-RXX86-WXCHW | 3KHY7-WNT83-DGQKR-F7HPR-844BM |
| Windows 10 Home Single Language | BT79Q-G7N6G-PGBYW-4YWX6-6F4BT | 7HNRX-D7KGG-3K4RQ-4WPJ4-YTDFH |
| Windows 10 Pro | VK7JG-NPHTM-C97JM-9MPGT-3V66T | W269N-WFGWX-YVC9B-4J6C9-T83GX |
| Windows 10 Pro N | 2B87N-8KFHP-DKV6R-Y2C8J-PKCKT | MH37W-N47XK-V7XM9-C7227-GCQG9 |
| Windows 10 Pro for Workstations | DXG7C-N36C4-C4HTG-X4T3X-2YV77 | NRG8B-VKK3Q-CXVCJ-9G2XF-6Q84J |
| Windows 10 Pro N for Workstations | WYPNQ-8C467-V2W6J-TX4WX-WT2RQ | 9FNHH-K3HBT-3W4TD-6383H-6XYWF |
| Windows 10 S | 3NF4D-GF9GY-63VKH-QRC3V-7QW8P | |
| Windows 10 Education | YNMGQ-8RYV3-4PGQ3-C8XTP-7CFBY | NW6C2-QMPVW-D7KKK-3GKT6-VCFB2 |
| Windows 10 Education N | 84NGF-MHBT6-FXBX8-QWJK7-DRR8H | 2WH4N-8QGBV-H22JP-CT43Q-MDWWJ |
| Windows 10 Pro Education | 8PTT6-RNW4C-6V7J2-C2D3X-MHBPB | 6TP4R-GNPTD-KYYHQ-7B7DP-J447Y |
| Windows 10 Pro Education N | GJTYN-HDMQY-FRR76-HVGC7-QPF8P | YVWGF-BXNMC-HTQYQ-CPQ99-66QFC |
| Windows 10 Enterprise | XGVPP-NMH47-7TTHJ-W3FW7-8HV2C | NPPR9-FWDCX-D2C8J-H872K-2YT43 |
| Windows 10 Enterprise G | | YYVX9-NTFWV-6MDM3-9PT4T-4M68B |
| Windows 10 Enterprise G N | FW7NV-4T673-HF4VX-9X4MM-B4H4T | 44RPN-FTY23-9VTTB-MP9BX-T84FV |
| Windows 10 Enterprise N | WGGHN-J84D6-QYCPR-T7PJ7-X766F | DPH2V-TTNVB-4X9Q3-TJR4H-KHJW4 |
| Windows 10 Enterprise S | NK96Y-D9CD8-W44CQ-R8YTK-DYJWX | FWN7H-PF93Q-4GGP8-M8RF3-MDWWW |
| Windows 10 Enterprise 2015 LTSB | | WNMTR-4C88C-JK8YV-HQ7T2-76DF9 |
| Windows 10 Enterprise 2015 LTSB N | | 2F77B-TNFGY-69QQF-B8YKP-D69TJ |
| Windows 10 Enterprise LTSB 2016 | | DCPHK-NFMTC-H88MJ-PFHPY-QJ4BJ |
| Windows 10 Enterprise N LTSB 2016 | RW7WN-FMT44-KRGBK-G44WK-QV7YK | QFFDN-GRT3P-VKWWX-X7T3R-8B639 |
| Windows 10 Enterprise LTSC 2019 | | M7XTQ-FN8P6-TTKYV-9D4CC-J462D |
| Windows 10 Enterprise N LTSC 2019 | | 92NFX-8DJQP-P6BBQ-THF9C-7CG2H |
| Windows 10 Home | 37GNV-YCQVD-38XP9-T848R-FC2HD | | |
| Windows 10 Home N | 33CY4-NPKCC-V98JP-42G8W-VH636 | | |
| Windows 10 Pro | NF6HC-QH89W-F8WYV-WWXV4-WFG6P | | |
| Windows 10 Pro N | NH7W7-BMC3R-4W9XT-94B6D-TCQG3 | | |
| Windows 10 SL | NTRHT-XTHTG-GBWCG-4MTMP-HH64C | | |
| Windows 10 CHN SL | 7B6NC-V3438-TRQG7-8TCCX-H6DDY | | |
| Windows 10 Home | 46J3N-RY6B3-BJFDY-VBFT9-V22HG | | |
| Windows 10 Home N | PGGM7-N77TC-KVR98-D82KJ-DGPHV | | |
| Windows 10 Pro | RHGJR-N7FVY-Q3B8F-KBQ6V-46YP4 | | |
| Windows 10 Pro N | 2KMWQ-NRH27-DV92J-J9GGT-TJF9R | | |
| Windows 10 SL | GH37Y-TNG7X-PP2TK-CMRMT-D3WV4 | | |
| Windows 10 CHN SL | 68WP7-N2JMW-B676K-WR24Q-9D7YC | | |
### Windows Server
| Windows Edition | RTM Generic Key (Retail) | [**KMS Client Setup Key**](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-R2-and-2012/jj612867(v%3dws.11)) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Windows Server 2016 Datacenter | | CB7KF-BWN84-R7R2Y-793K2-8XDDG |
| Windows Server 2016 Standard | | WC2BQ-8NRM3-FDDYY-2BFGV-KHKQY |
| Windows Server 2016 Essentials | | JCKRF-N37P4-C2D82-9YXRT-4M63B |
| Windows Server 2019 Datacenter | | WMDGN-G9PQG-XVVXX-R3X43-63DFG |
| Windows Server 2019 Standard | | N69G4-B89J2-4G8F4-WWYCC-J464C |
| Windows Server 2019 Essentials | | WVDHN-86M7X-466P6-VHXV7-YY726 |
| Windows Server 2022 Standard | | VDYBN-27WPP-V4HQT-9VMD4-VMK7H |
| Windows Server 2022 Datacenter Azure | | NTBV8-9K7Q8-V27C6-M2BTV-KHMXV |
| Windows Server 2022 Datacenter | | WX4NM-KYWYW-QJJR4-XV3QB-6VM33 |
## Additional Reference Documentation:
https://www.tenforums.com/tutorials/95922-generic-product-keys-install-windows-10-editions.html
[https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/get-started/kms-client-activation-keys](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/get-started/kms-client-activation-keys)

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**Purpose**:
Sometimes you are running a virtual machine and are running out of space, and want to expand the operating system disk. However, there is a recovery partition to-the-right of the operating system partition. When this happens, you have to delete that partition in order to expand the storage space for the operating system.
These commands can be run in a headless environment using just powershell.
!!! warning "Use Correct Drive & Partition Numbers"
In my example codeblock, I assume the OS drive is `0` and the recovery partition is `4`. Please validate your own drive and partition numbers with the supplied `list disk` and `list partition` commands. Failure to identify the correct drive and/or partition could result in the unintended destruction of data.
**From within the VM** > Open a powershell window and run the following commands:
```powershell
diskpart # (1)
list disk # (2)
select disk 0 # (3)
list partition # (4)
select partition 4 # (5)
delete partition override # (6)
select partition 3 # (7)
extend # (8)
exit # (9)
```
1. This opens the disk management CLI tool.
2. This displays all disks attached to the device.
3. Ensure this disk number corresponds to the operating system disk. Open the Disk Management GUI if you are not 100% certain.
4. List all partitions on the previously-selected disk.
5. This partition number is for the partition of type "**Recovery**". If you see a different partition with a type of "**Recovery**" use that partition number instead.
6. This instructs the computer to delete the partition and ignore the fact that it was a recovery partition.
7. You want to select the operating system partition now, so we can expand it. This partition will generally be of a type "**Primary**" and be the largest size partition on the disk.
8. This will expand the operating system partition into the unallocated space that is now available to it.
9. Gracefully close the disk management CLI utility.
## Free Space Validation
From this point, you might want to verify the free space has been accounted for, so you can run the following command to check for free space:
```powershell
Get-Volume | Select-Object DriveLetter, FileSystem, @{Name="FreeSpace(GB)"; Expression={"{0:N2}" -f ($_.SizeRemaining / 1GB)}}, @{Name="TotalSize(GB)"; Expression={"{0:N2}" -f ($_.Size / 1GB)}}
```
!!! example "Output Example"
```
DriveLetter FileSystem FreeSpace(GB) TotalSize(GB)
----------- ---------- ------------- -------------
C NTFS 398.40 476.20
FAT32 0.06 0.09
NTFS 0.11 0.63
```

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## Purpose
There are times when you may need to delete shadow copies (Volume Shadow Copies) from a drive, commonly to free up disk space. While this is usually straightforward, you may encounter scenarios where shadow copies cannot be deleted through normal means. The following methods provide ways to forcibly remove all shadow copies from a specific volume.
!!! warning
The examples below will **permanently delete all shadow copies** on the specified drive. The examples use drive `D:` > Adjust the drive letter as needed.
## Method 1: Delete Shadow Copies Using `vssadmin`
The `vssadmin` utility is the standard tool for managing shadow copies. It is typically safe and handles deletions gracefully.
However, some antivirus or endpoint protection software may block its execution due to its similarity to behavior used by ransomware. If `vssadmin` fails, use the `diskshadow` method described below.
```cmd
vssadmin delete shadows /for=D: /all /quiet
```
* `/for=D:` specifies the target volume.
* `/all` removes all shadow copies on that volume.
* `/quiet` suppresses confirmation prompts.
## Method 2: Delete Shadow Copies Using `diskshadow`
`diskshadow` is a more direct and lower-level tool than `vssadmin`. It should be used as a fallback option if `vssadmin` fails or is blocked.
```cmd
diskshadow
set context persistent nowriters
delete shadows volume D:
exit
```
Explanation:
* `set context persistent nowriters` ensures the command does not involve writer components (e.g., for backups), reducing the chance of interference.
* `delete shadows volume D:` removes all persistent shadow copies for volume `D:`.

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**Purpose:** You may find that Windows 11 does not allow you to install it with a local account. This is a documented case of Microsoft attempting to push Microsoft accounts, and can be bypassed by following the workflow below:
## Initial Boot to Windows 11 Installer
- Begin installing the OS as normal, selecting the region/language
- Before you accept the EULA, press `SHIFT+F10` to open the Administrative Command Prompt
- ~Type `OOBE\BYPASSNRO` > This will reboot the computer back into the installer~
- The `OOBE\BYPASSNRO` method no longer works, instead type the command `start ms-cxh:localonly`, you will then be prompted to enter a local user account and the OOBE will finalize.
## Second Boot to Windows 11 Installer
- When prompted for an internet connection, select `I don't have Internet`
- Set up the local administrator account as normal and finish the OS installation process
!!! warning "Disconnect Internet"
To ensure a clean installation devoid of additional issues, make sure to disconnect the physical/virtual network from the device before proceeding to install Windows 11 as normal. This time, you will not be prompted to login with a Microsoft account.

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**Purpose**: Sometimes you may find that you need to convert a `.crt` or `.pem` certificate file into a `.pfx` file that Microsoft IIS Server Manager can import for something like Exchange Server or another custom IIS-based server.
# Download the Certificate Files
This step will vary based on how you are obtaining the certificates. The primary thing to focus on is making sure you have the certificate file and the private key.
```jsx title="Certificate Folder Structure"
certificate.crt
certificate.pem
gd-g2_iis_intermediates.p7b
private.key
```
# Convert using OpenSSL
You will need a linux machine such as Ubuntu 22.04LTS, or to download the Windows equivelant of OpenSSL in order to run the necessary commands to convert and package the files into a `.pfx` file that IIS Server Manager can use.
!!! note
You need to make sure that all of the certificate files as well as private key are in the same folder (to keep things simple) during the conversion process. **It will prompt you to enter a password for the PFX file, choose anything you want.**
```jsx title="OpenSSL Conversion Command"
openssl pkcs12 -export -out IIS-Certificate.pfx -inkey private.key -in gd-g2_iis_intermediates.p7b -in certificate.crt
```
!!! tip
You can rename the files anything you want for organizational purposes. Afterall, they are just plaintext files. For example, you could rename `gd-g2_iis_intermediates.p7b` to `intermediate.bundle` and it would still work without issue in the command. During the import phase in IIS Server Manager, you can check a box to enable Exporting the certificate, effectively reverse-engineering it back into a certificate and private key.