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Update Workflows/Linux/Expand RHEL Filesystem.md

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Nicole Rappe
2024-12-09 16:59:54 -07:00
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Workflows/Linux/Expand RHEL Filesystem.md
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ The purpose of this workflow is to illustrate the process of expanding storage f
!!! info "Assumptions" !!! info "Assumptions"
It is assumed you are using a RHEL variant of linux such as Rocky Linux. This should apply to any version of Linux, but was written in a Rocky Linux 9.4 lab environment. It is assumed you are using a RHEL variant of linux such as Rocky Linux. This should apply to any version of Linux, but was written in a Rocky Linux 9.4 lab environment.
This document also assumes you did not enable Logical Volume Management (LVM) when deploying your server. If you did, you will need to perform additional (undocumented) LVM-specific steps after increasing the space following this document. This document also assumes you did not enable Logical Volume Management (LVM) when deploying your server. If you did, you will need to perform additional LVM-specific steps after increasing the space.
## Increase GuestVM Virtual Disk Size ## Increase GuestVM Virtual Disk Size
This part should be fairly straight-forward. Using whatever hypervisor is running the Linux GuestVM, expand the disk space of the disk to the desired size. This part should be fairly straight-forward. Using whatever hypervisor is running the Linux GuestVM, expand the disk space of the disk to the desired size.
@ -44,74 +44,87 @@ This step goes over how to increase the usable space of the virtual disk within
9. Just leave this as-is and press ++enter++ without entering any values. Assuming you are using XFS, as this guide was written for, the default "Linux Filesystem" is what you want for XFS. 9. Just leave this as-is and press ++enter++ without entering any values. Assuming you are using XFS, as this guide was written for, the default "Linux Filesystem" is what you want for XFS.
10. This will write the changes to the partition table making them reality instead of just staging the changes. 10. This will write the changes to the partition table making them reality instead of just staging the changes.
=== "Using FDISK w/ LVM" !!! example "Example Output"
```
Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 2147483648 sectors, 1024.0 GiB
Model: Virtual Disk
Sector size (logical/physical): 512/4096 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 8A5C2469-B07B-42AC-8E57-E756E62D37D1
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
Main partition table begins at sector 2 and ends at sector 33
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 2147483614
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 1073743838 sectors (512.0 GiB)
Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name
1 2048 1230847 600.0 MiB EF00 EFI System Partition
2 1230848 3327999 1024.0 MiB 8300
3 3328000 19826687 7.9 GiB 8200
4 19826688 1073741790 502.5 GiB 8300 Linux filesystem
```
=== "Using FDISK"
``` sh ``` sh
# Resize Partition of Disk in PV Group pvdisplay # (1)
fdisk /dev/hda # Use pvdisplay to get the disk identifier fdisk /dev/hda # (2)
p # List Partitions p <ENTER> # List Partitions
d # Delete the partition d <ENTER> # Delete a partition
2 # Assume Partition 2 (e.g. /dev/hda2) 2 <ENTER> # Delete Partition 2 (e.g. /dev/hda2)
n # Make a new Partition n <ENTER> # Make a new Partition
p # Primary Partition Type p <ENTER> # Primary Partition Type
Starting Sector: <Use Default Value> Starting Sector: <ENTER> # Use Default Value
Ending Sector: <Use Default Value> Ending Sector: <ENTER> # Use Default Value
w # Commit changes to the disk w <ENTER> # Commit all queued-up changes and write them to the disk
# Probe the new partition
partprobe /dev/hda
# Reboot the Server
reboot
# Resize PV Device
pvdisplay # Note Current Size then reference it later
pvresize /dev/hda2
pvdisplay # To Confirm size Increased
# Extend the Logical Volume for the Target Disk
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 # Get this from running lvdisplay to find the correct LV
# Resize the Filesystem of the OS
resize2fs /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00
# Validate Space increased
df -h
``` ```
??? info "Detailed Command Breakdown"
1. Use pvdisplay to get the target disk identifier
2. Replace `/dev/hda` with the target disk identifier found in the previous step
```
Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 2147483648 sectors, 1024.0 GiB
Model: Virtual Disk
Sector size (logical/physical): 512/4096 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 8A5C2469-B07B-42AC-8E57-E756E62D37D1
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
Main partition table begins at sector 2 and ends at sector 33
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 2147483614
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 1073743838 sectors (512.0 GiB)
Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name
1 2048 1230847 600.0 MiB EF00 EFI System Partition
2 1230848 3327999 1024.0 MiB 8300
3 3328000 19826687 7.9 GiB 8200
4 19826688 1073741790 502.5 GiB 8300 Linux filesystem
```
**Point of No Return**: **Point of No Return**:
When you press `w` then ++enter++ the changes will be written to disk, meaning there is no turning back unless you have full GuestVM backups with something like Veeam Backup & Replication. Be certain the first and last sector values are correctly configured before proceeding. When you press `w` in both cases of `gdisk` or `fdisk`, then ++enter++ the changes will be written to disk, meaning there is no turning back unless you have full GuestVM backups or a snapshot to rollback with, or something like Veeam Backup & Replication. Be certain the first and last sector values are correctly configured before proceeding. (Default values generally are good for this)
## Detect the New Partition Sizes ## Detect the New Partition Sizes
At this point, the operating system wont detect the changes without a reboot, so we are going to force the operating system to detect them immediately with the following commands to avoid a reboot. At this point, the operating system wont detect the changes without a reboot, so we are going to force the operating system to detect them immediately with the following commands to avoid a reboot (if we can avoid it).
``` sh ``` sh
sudo partprobe sudo partprobe /dev/<drive> # Drive Example: /dev/sda (Rocky) or /dev/hda (Oracle Linux)
sudo partx -u /dev/<diskNumber> sudo partx -u /dev/<diskNumber>
sudo xfs_growfs /
``` ```
??? bug "Partition Not Expanded?" ??? bug "Partition Size Not Expanded? Reboot."
If you notice the partition still has not expanded to the desired size, you may have no choice but to reboot the server, then re-run the `gdisk` commands a second time. In my lab environment, it didn't work until I rebooted. This might have been a hiccup on my end, but it's something to keep in mind if you run into the same issue of the size not changing. If you notice the partition still has not expanded to the desired size, you may have no choice but to reboot the server, then re-run the `gdisk` or `fdisk` commands a second time. In my lab environment, it didn't work until I rebooted. This might have been a hiccup on my end, but it's something to keep in mind if you run into the same issue of the size not changing.
``` sh
sudo reboot
```
## Resize the Filesystem
=== "XFS Filesystem"
``` sh
sudo xfs_growfs /
```
=== "Ext4 Filesystem"
``` sh
resize2fs /dev/sda
```
=== "Ext4 Filesystem w/ LVM"
``` sh
# Increase the Physical Volume Group Size
pvdisplay # Check the Current Size of the Physical Volume
pvresize /dev/hda2 # Enlarge the Physical Volume to Fit the New Partition Size
pvdisplay # Validatre the Size of the Physical Volume Increased to the New Size
# Increase the Logical Volume Group Size
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 # Get this from running "lvdisplay" to find the correct Logical Volume Name
# Resize the Filesystem of the Disk to Fit the new Logical Volume
resize2fs /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00
```
## Validate Storage Expansion ## Validate Storage Expansion
At this point, you can leverage `lsblk` or `df -h` to determine if the usable storage space was successfully increased or not. In this example, you can see that I increased my storage space from 512GB to 1TB. At this point, you can leverage `lsblk` or `df -h` to determine if the usable storage space was successfully increased or not. In this example, you can see that I increased my storage space from 512GB to 1TB.