**Purpose**: Sometimes you may find that you need to convert a `.crt` or `.pem` certificate file into a `.pfx` file that Microsoft IIS Server Manager can import for something like Exchange Server or another custom IIS-based server. 

# Download the Certificate Files
This step will vary based on how you are obtaining the certificates.  The primary thing to focus on is making sure you have the certificate file and the private key.
```jsx title="Certificate Folder Structure"
certificate.crt
certificate.pem
gd-g2_iis_intermediates.p7b
private.key
```

# Convert using OpenSSL
You will need a linux machine such as Ubuntu 22.04LTS, or to download the Windows equivelant of OpenSSL in order to run the necessary commands to convert and package the files into a `.pfx` file that IIS Server Manager can use.
!!! note
    You need to make sure that all of the certificate files as well as private key are in the same folder (to keep things simple) during the conversion process.  **It will prompt you to enter a password for the PFX file, choose anything you want.**

```jsx title="OpenSSL Conversion Command"
openssl pkcs12 -export -out IIS-Certificate.pfx -inkey private.key -in gd-g2_iis_intermediates.p7b -in certificate.crt
```

!!! tip
    You can rename the files anything you want for organizational purposes.  Afterall, they are just plaintext files.  For example, you could rename `gd-g2_iis_intermediates.p7b` to `intermediate.bundle` and it would still work without issue in the command.  During the import phase in IIS Server Manager, you can check a box to enable Exporting the certificate, effectively reverse-engineering it back into a certificate and private key.
