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<section id="integer-objects">
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<span id="longobjects"></span><h1>Integer Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#integer-objects" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
|
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<p id="index-0">All integers are implemented as “long” integer objects of arbitrary size.</p>
|
||
<p>On error, most <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLong_As*</span></code> APIs return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(return</span> <span class="pre">type)-1</span></code> which cannot be
|
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distinguished from a number. Use <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#c.PyErr_Occurred" title="PyErr_Occurred"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_Occurred()</span></code></a> to disambiguate.</p>
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<dl class="c type">
|
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<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLongObject">
|
||
<span class="k"><span class="pre">type</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyLongObject</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Limited API</span></a> (as an opaque struct).</em><p>This subtype of <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></code></a> represents a Python integer object.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
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<dl class="c var">
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<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_Type">
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<a class="reference internal" href="type.html#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyTypeObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyLong_Type</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_Type" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>This instance of <a class="reference internal" href="type.html#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyTypeObject</span></code></a> represents the Python integer type.
|
||
This is the same object as <a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#int" title="int"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code></a> in the Python layer.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_Check">
|
||
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyLong_Check</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">p</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_Check" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Return true if its argument is a <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLongObject</span></code></a> or a subtype of
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLongObject</span></code></a>. This function always succeeds.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_CheckExact">
|
||
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyLong_CheckExact</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">p</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_CheckExact" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Return true if its argument is a <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLongObject</span></code></a>, but not a subtype of
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLongObject</span></code></a>. This function always succeeds.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_FromLong">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyLong_FromLong</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">long</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">v</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_FromLong" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Return a new <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLongObject</span></code></a> object from <em>v</em>, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on failure.</p>
|
||
<p>The current implementation keeps an array of integer objects for all integers
|
||
between <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-5</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">256</span></code>. When you create an int in that range you actually
|
||
just get back a reference to the existing object.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_FromUnsignedLong">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyLong_FromUnsignedLong</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">unsigned</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">long</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">v</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_FromUnsignedLong" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Return a new <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLongObject</span></code></a> object from a C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span></span>, or
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on failure.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_FromSsize_t">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyLong_FromSsize_t</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">v</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_FromSsize_t" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Return a new <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLongObject</span></code></a> object from a C <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></code></a>, or
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on failure.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_FromSize_t">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyLong_FromSize_t</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="n"><span class="pre">size_t</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">v</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_FromSize_t" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Return a new <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLongObject</span></code></a> object from a C <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">size_t</span></code>, or
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on failure.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_FromLongLong">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyLong_FromLongLong</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">long</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">long</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">v</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_FromLongLong" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Return a new <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLongObject</span></code></a> object from a C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span></span>, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>
|
||
on failure.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">unsigned</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">long</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">long</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">v</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Return a new <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLongObject</span></code></a> object from a C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span></span>,
|
||
or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on failure.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_FromDouble">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyLong_FromDouble</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">double</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">v</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_FromDouble" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Return a new <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLongObject</span></code></a> object from the integer part of <em>v</em>, or
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on failure.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_FromString">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyLong_FromString</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span>, <span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">pend</span></span>, <span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">base</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_FromString" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Return a new <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLongObject</span></code></a> based on the string value in <em>str</em>, which
|
||
is interpreted according to the radix in <em>base</em>, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on failure. If
|
||
<em>pend</em> is non-<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>, <em>*pend</em> will point to the end of <em>str</em> on success or
|
||
to the first character that could not be processed on error. If <em>base</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>,
|
||
<em>str</em> is interpreted using the <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/lexical_analysis.html#integers"><span class="std std-ref">Integer literals</span></a> definition; in this case, leading
|
||
zeros in a non-zero decimal number raises a <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a>. If <em>base</em> is not
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>, it must be between <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">36</span></code>, inclusive. Leading and trailing
|
||
whitespace and single underscores after a base specifier and between digits are
|
||
ignored. If there are no digits or <em>str</em> is not NULL-terminated following the
|
||
digits and trailing whitespace, <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> will be raised.</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition seealso">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
|
||
<p>Python methods <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#int.to_bytes" title="int.to_bytes"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int.to_bytes()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#int.from_bytes" title="int.from_bytes"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int.from_bytes()</span></code></a>
|
||
to convert a <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLongObject</span></code></a> to/from an array of bytes in base
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">256</span></code>. You can call those from C using <a class="reference internal" href="call.html#c.PyObject_CallMethod" title="PyObject_CallMethod"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject_CallMethod()</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_FromUnicodeObject">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyLong_FromUnicodeObject</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">u</span></span>, <span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">base</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_FromUnicodeObject" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><p>Convert a sequence of Unicode digits in the string <em>u</em> to a Python integer
|
||
value.</p>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.3.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_FromVoidPtr">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyLong_FromVoidPtr</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">void</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">p</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_FromVoidPtr" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Create a Python integer from the pointer <em>p</em>. The pointer value can be
|
||
retrieved from the resulting value using <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLong_AsVoidPtr" title="PyLong_AsVoidPtr"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLong_AsVoidPtr()</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_FromNativeBytes">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyLong_FromNativeBytes</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">void</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">buffer</span></span>, <span class="n"><span class="pre">size_t</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">n_bytes</span></span>, <span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">flags</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_FromNativeBytes" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Create a Python integer from the value contained in the first <em>n_bytes</em> of
|
||
<em>buffer</em>, interpreted as a two’s-complement signed number.</p>
|
||
<p><em>flags</em> are as for <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLong_AsNativeBytes" title="PyLong_AsNativeBytes"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLong_AsNativeBytes()</span></code></a>. Passing <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code> will select
|
||
the native endian that CPython was compiled with and assume that the
|
||
most-significant bit is a sign bit. Passing
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_UNSIGNED_BUFFER</span></code> will produce the same result as calling
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLong_FromUnsignedNativeBytes" title="PyLong_FromUnsignedNativeBytes"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLong_FromUnsignedNativeBytes()</span></code></a>. Other flags are ignored.</p>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.13.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_FromUnsignedNativeBytes">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyLong_FromUnsignedNativeBytes</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">void</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">buffer</span></span>, <span class="n"><span class="pre">size_t</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">n_bytes</span></span>, <span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">flags</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_FromUnsignedNativeBytes" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Create a Python integer from the value contained in the first <em>n_bytes</em> of
|
||
<em>buffer</em>, interpreted as an unsigned number.</p>
|
||
<p><em>flags</em> are as for <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLong_AsNativeBytes" title="PyLong_AsNativeBytes"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLong_AsNativeBytes()</span></code></a>. Passing <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code> will select
|
||
the native endian that CPython was compiled with and assume that the
|
||
most-significant bit is not a sign bit. Flags other than endian are ignored.</p>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.13.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_AsLong">
|
||
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">long</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyLong_AsLong</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">obj</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_AsLong" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p id="index-1">Return a C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">long</span></span> representation of <em>obj</em>. If <em>obj</em> is not an
|
||
instance of <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLongObject</span></code></a>, first call its <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__index__" title="object.__index__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__index__()</span></code></a> method
|
||
(if present) to convert it to a <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLongObject</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
<p>Raise <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OverflowError</span></code></a> if the value of <em>obj</em> is out of range for a
|
||
<span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">long</span></span>.</p>
|
||
<p>Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code> on error. Use <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#c.PyErr_Occurred" title="PyErr_Occurred"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_Occurred()</span></code></a> to disambiguate.</p>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.8: </span>Use <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__index__" title="object.__index__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__index__()</span></code></a> if available.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.10: </span>This function will no longer use <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__int__" title="object.__int__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__int__()</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_AS_LONG">
|
||
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">long</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyLong_AS_LONG</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">obj</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_AS_LONG" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>A <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-soft-deprecated"><span class="xref std std-term">soft deprecated</span></a> alias.
|
||
Exactly equivalent to the preferred <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLong_AsLong</span></code>. In particular,
|
||
it can fail with <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OverflowError</span></code></a> or another exception.</p>
|
||
<div class="deprecated">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified deprecated">Deprecated since version 3.14: </span>The function is soft deprecated.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_AsInt">
|
||
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyLong_AsInt</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">obj</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_AsInt" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a> since version 3.13.</em><p>Similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLong_AsLong" title="PyLong_AsLong"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLong_AsLong()</span></code></a>, but store the result in a C
|
||
<span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">int</span></span> instead of a C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">long</span></span>.</p>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.13.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow">
|
||
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">long</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">obj</span></span>, <span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">overflow</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Return a C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">long</span></span> representation of <em>obj</em>. If <em>obj</em> is not an
|
||
instance of <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLongObject</span></code></a>, first call its <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__index__" title="object.__index__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__index__()</span></code></a>
|
||
method (if present) to convert it to a <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLongObject</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
<p>If the value of <em>obj</em> is greater than <code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LONG_MAX</span></code> or less than
|
||
<code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LONG_MIN</span></code>, set <em>*overflow</em> to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code>, respectively, and
|
||
return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code>; otherwise, set <em>*overflow</em> to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>. If any other exception
|
||
occurs set <em>*overflow</em> to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> and return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code> as usual.</p>
|
||
<p>Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code> on error. Use <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#c.PyErr_Occurred" title="PyErr_Occurred"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_Occurred()</span></code></a> to disambiguate.</p>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.8: </span>Use <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__index__" title="object.__index__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__index__()</span></code></a> if available.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.10: </span>This function will no longer use <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__int__" title="object.__int__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__int__()</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_AsLongLong">
|
||
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">long</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">long</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyLong_AsLongLong</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">obj</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_AsLongLong" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p id="index-2">Return a C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span></span> representation of <em>obj</em>. If <em>obj</em> is not an
|
||
instance of <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLongObject</span></code></a>, first call its <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__index__" title="object.__index__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__index__()</span></code></a> method
|
||
(if present) to convert it to a <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLongObject</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
<p>Raise <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OverflowError</span></code></a> if the value of <em>obj</em> is out of range for a
|
||
<span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span></span>.</p>
|
||
<p>Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code> on error. Use <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#c.PyErr_Occurred" title="PyErr_Occurred"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_Occurred()</span></code></a> to disambiguate.</p>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.8: </span>Use <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__index__" title="object.__index__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__index__()</span></code></a> if available.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.10: </span>This function will no longer use <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__int__" title="object.__int__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__int__()</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_AsLongLongAndOverflow">
|
||
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">long</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">long</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyLong_AsLongLongAndOverflow</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">obj</span></span>, <span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">overflow</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_AsLongLongAndOverflow" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Return a C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span></span> representation of <em>obj</em>. If <em>obj</em> is not an
|
||
instance of <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLongObject</span></code></a>, first call its <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__index__" title="object.__index__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__index__()</span></code></a> method
|
||
(if present) to convert it to a <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLongObject</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
<p>If the value of <em>obj</em> is greater than <code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LLONG_MAX</span></code> or less than
|
||
<code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LLONG_MIN</span></code>, set <em>*overflow</em> to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code>, respectively,
|
||
and return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code>; otherwise, set <em>*overflow</em> to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>. If any other
|
||
exception occurs set <em>*overflow</em> to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> and return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code> as usual.</p>
|
||
<p>Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code> on error. Use <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#c.PyErr_Occurred" title="PyErr_Occurred"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_Occurred()</span></code></a> to disambiguate.</p>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.2.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.8: </span>Use <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__index__" title="object.__index__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__index__()</span></code></a> if available.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.10: </span>This function will no longer use <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__int__" title="object.__int__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__int__()</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_AsSsize_t">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyLong_AsSsize_t</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">pylong</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_AsSsize_t" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p id="index-3">Return a C <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></code></a> representation of <em>pylong</em>. <em>pylong</em> must
|
||
be an instance of <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLongObject</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
<p>Raise <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OverflowError</span></code></a> if the value of <em>pylong</em> is out of range for a
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
<p>Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code> on error. Use <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#c.PyErr_Occurred" title="PyErr_Occurred"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_Occurred()</span></code></a> to disambiguate.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_AsUnsignedLong">
|
||
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">unsigned</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">long</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyLong_AsUnsignedLong</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">pylong</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_AsUnsignedLong" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p id="index-4">Return a C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span></span> representation of <em>pylong</em>. <em>pylong</em>
|
||
must be an instance of <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLongObject</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
<p>Raise <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OverflowError</span></code></a> if the value of <em>pylong</em> is out of range for a
|
||
<span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span></span>.</p>
|
||
<p>Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(unsigned</span> <span class="pre">long)-1</span></code> on error.
|
||
Use <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#c.PyErr_Occurred" title="PyErr_Occurred"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_Occurred()</span></code></a> to disambiguate.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_AsSize_t">
|
||
<span class="n"><span class="pre">size_t</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyLong_AsSize_t</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">pylong</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_AsSize_t" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p id="index-5">Return a C <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">size_t</span></code> representation of <em>pylong</em>. <em>pylong</em> must be
|
||
an instance of <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLongObject</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
<p>Raise <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OverflowError</span></code></a> if the value of <em>pylong</em> is out of range for a
|
||
<code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">size_t</span></code>.</p>
|
||
<p>Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(size_t)-1</span></code> on error.
|
||
Use <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#c.PyErr_Occurred" title="PyErr_Occurred"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_Occurred()</span></code></a> to disambiguate.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong">
|
||
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">unsigned</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">long</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">long</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">pylong</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p id="index-6">Return a C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span></span> representation of <em>pylong</em>. <em>pylong</em>
|
||
must be an instance of <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLongObject</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
<p>Raise <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OverflowError</span></code></a> if the value of <em>pylong</em> is out of range for an
|
||
<span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span></span>.</p>
|
||
<p>Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(unsigned</span> <span class="pre">long</span> <span class="pre">long)-1</span></code> on error.
|
||
Use <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#c.PyErr_Occurred" title="PyErr_Occurred"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_Occurred()</span></code></a> to disambiguate.</p>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.1: </span>A negative <em>pylong</em> now raises <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OverflowError</span></code></a>, not <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_AsUnsignedLongMask">
|
||
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">unsigned</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">long</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyLong_AsUnsignedLongMask</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">obj</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_AsUnsignedLongMask" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Return a C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span></span> representation of <em>obj</em>. If <em>obj</em> is not
|
||
an instance of <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLongObject</span></code></a>, first call its <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__index__" title="object.__index__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__index__()</span></code></a>
|
||
method (if present) to convert it to a <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLongObject</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
<p>If the value of <em>obj</em> is out of range for an <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span></span>,
|
||
return the reduction of that value modulo <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ULONG_MAX</span> <span class="pre">+</span> <span class="pre">1</span></code>.</p>
|
||
<p>Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(unsigned</span> <span class="pre">long)-1</span></code> on error. Use <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#c.PyErr_Occurred" title="PyErr_Occurred"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_Occurred()</span></code></a> to
|
||
disambiguate.</p>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.8: </span>Use <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__index__" title="object.__index__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__index__()</span></code></a> if available.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.10: </span>This function will no longer use <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__int__" title="object.__int__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__int__()</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLongMask">
|
||
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">unsigned</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">long</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">long</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLongMask</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">obj</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLongMask" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Return a C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span></span> representation of <em>obj</em>. If <em>obj</em>
|
||
is not an instance of <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLongObject</span></code></a>, first call its
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__index__" title="object.__index__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__index__()</span></code></a> method (if present) to convert it to a
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLongObject</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
<p>If the value of <em>obj</em> is out of range for an <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span></span>,
|
||
return the reduction of that value modulo <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ULLONG_MAX</span> <span class="pre">+</span> <span class="pre">1</span></code>.</p>
|
||
<p>Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(unsigned</span> <span class="pre">long</span> <span class="pre">long)-1</span></code> on error. Use <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#c.PyErr_Occurred" title="PyErr_Occurred"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_Occurred()</span></code></a>
|
||
to disambiguate.</p>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.8: </span>Use <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__index__" title="object.__index__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__index__()</span></code></a> if available.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.10: </span>This function will no longer use <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__int__" title="object.__int__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__int__()</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_AsDouble">
|
||
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">double</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyLong_AsDouble</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">pylong</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_AsDouble" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Return a C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">double</span></span> representation of <em>pylong</em>. <em>pylong</em> must be
|
||
an instance of <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLongObject</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
<p>Raise <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OverflowError</span></code></a> if the value of <em>pylong</em> is out of range for a
|
||
<span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">double</span></span>.</p>
|
||
<p>Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1.0</span></code> on error. Use <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#c.PyErr_Occurred" title="PyErr_Occurred"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_Occurred()</span></code></a> to disambiguate.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_AsVoidPtr">
|
||
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">void</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyLong_AsVoidPtr</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">pylong</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_AsVoidPtr" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Convert a Python integer <em>pylong</em> to a C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">void</span></span> pointer.
|
||
If <em>pylong</em> cannot be converted, an <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OverflowError</span></code></a> will be raised. This
|
||
is only assured to produce a usable <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">void</span></span> pointer for values created
|
||
with <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLong_FromVoidPtr" title="PyLong_FromVoidPtr"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLong_FromVoidPtr()</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
<p>Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on error. Use <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#c.PyErr_Occurred" title="PyErr_Occurred"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_Occurred()</span></code></a> to disambiguate.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_AsNativeBytes">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyLong_AsNativeBytes</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">pylong</span></span>, <span class="kt"><span class="pre">void</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">buffer</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">n_bytes</span></span>, <span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">flags</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_AsNativeBytes" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Copy the Python integer value <em>pylong</em> to a native <em>buffer</em> of size
|
||
<em>n_bytes</em>. The <em>flags</em> can be set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code> to behave similarly to a C cast,
|
||
or to values documented below to control the behavior.</p>
|
||
<p>Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code> with an exception raised on error. This may happen if
|
||
<em>pylong</em> cannot be interpreted as an integer, or if <em>pylong</em> was negative
|
||
and the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_REJECT_NEGATIVE</span></code> flag was set.</p>
|
||
<p>Otherwise, returns the number of bytes required to store the value.
|
||
If this is equal to or less than <em>n_bytes</em>, the entire value was copied.
|
||
All <em>n_bytes</em> of the buffer are written: large buffers are padded with
|
||
zeroes.</p>
|
||
<p>If the returned value is greater than than <em>n_bytes</em>, the value was
|
||
truncated: as many of the lowest bits of the value as could fit are written,
|
||
and the higher bits are ignored. This matches the typical behavior
|
||
of a C-style downcast.</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>Overflow is not considered an error. If the returned value
|
||
is larger than <em>n_bytes</em>, most significant bits were discarded.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> will never be returned.</p>
|
||
<p>Values are always copied as two’s-complement.</p>
|
||
<p>Usage example:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kt">int32_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="n">Py_ssize_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bytes</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PyLong_AsNativeBytes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pylong</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">-1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bytes</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Failed. A Python exception was set with the reason.</span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bytes</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Py_ssize_t</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Success!</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Overflow occurred, but 'value' contains the truncated</span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// lowest bits of pylong.</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Passing zero to <em>n_bytes</em> will return the size of a buffer that would
|
||
be large enough to hold the value. This may be larger than technically
|
||
necessary, but not unreasonably so. If <em>n_bytes=0</em>, <em>buffer</em> may be
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>.</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>Passing <em>n_bytes=0</em> to this function is not an accurate way to determine
|
||
the bit length of the value.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>To get at the entire Python value of an unknown size, the function can be
|
||
called twice: first to determine the buffer size, then to fill it:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// Ask how much space we need.</span>
|
||
<span class="n">Py_ssize_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expected</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PyLong_AsNativeBytes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pylong</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">-1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">expected</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Failed. A Python exception was set with the reason.</span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<span class="n">assert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">expected</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Impossible per the API definition.</span>
|
||
<span class="kt">uint8_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">bignum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">expected</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">bignum</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PyErr_SetString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PyExc_MemoryError</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"bignum malloc failed."</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<span class="c1">// Safely get the entire value.</span>
|
||
<span class="n">Py_ssize_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bytes</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PyLong_AsNativeBytes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pylong</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bignum</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expected</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">-1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bytes</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Exception has been set.</span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">free</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bignum</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bytes</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expected</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// This should not be possible.</span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PyErr_SetString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PyExc_RuntimeError</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Unexpected bignum truncation after a size check."</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">free</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bignum</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<span class="c1">// The expected success given the above pre-check.</span>
|
||
<span class="c1">// ... use bignum ...</span>
|
||
<span class="n">free</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bignum</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p><em>flags</em> is either <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code> (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_DEFAULTS</span></code>) to select defaults
|
||
that behave most like a C cast, or a combination of the other flags in
|
||
the table below.
|
||
Note that <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code> cannot be combined with other flags.</p>
|
||
<p>Currently, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code> corresponds to
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_NATIVE_ENDIAN</span> <span class="pre">|</span> <span class="pre">Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_UNSIGNED_BUFFER</span></code>.</p>
|
||
<table class="docutils align-default">
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Flag</p></th>
|
||
<th class="head"><p>Value</p></th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><dl class="c macro">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_DEFAULTS">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_DEFAULTS</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_DEFAULTS" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code></p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><dl class="c macro">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_BIG_ENDIAN">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_BIG_ENDIAN</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_BIG_ENDIAN" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code></p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><dl class="c macro">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_LITTLE_ENDIAN">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_LITTLE_ENDIAN</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_LITTLE_ENDIAN" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code></p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><dl class="c macro">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_NATIVE_ENDIAN">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_NATIVE_ENDIAN</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_NATIVE_ENDIAN" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">3</span></code></p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><dl class="c macro">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_UNSIGNED_BUFFER">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_UNSIGNED_BUFFER</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_UNSIGNED_BUFFER" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">4</span></code></p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><dl class="c macro">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_REJECT_NEGATIVE">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_REJECT_NEGATIVE</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_REJECT_NEGATIVE" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">8</span></code></p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><dl class="c macro">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_ALLOW_INDEX">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_ALLOW_INDEX</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_ALLOW_INDEX" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">16</span></code></p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<p>Specifying <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_NATIVE_ENDIAN</span></code> will override any other endian
|
||
flags. Passing <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2</span></code> is reserved.</p>
|
||
<p>By default, sufficient buffer will be requested to include a sign bit.
|
||
For example, when converting 128 with <em>n_bytes=1</em>, the function will return
|
||
2 (or more) in order to store a zero sign bit.</p>
|
||
<p>If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_UNSIGNED_BUFFER</span></code> is specified, a zero sign bit
|
||
will be omitted from size calculations. This allows, for example, 128 to fit
|
||
in a single-byte buffer. If the destination buffer is later treated as
|
||
signed, a positive input value may become negative.
|
||
Note that the flag does not affect handling of negative values: for those,
|
||
space for a sign bit is always requested.</p>
|
||
<p>Specifying <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_REJECT_NEGATIVE</span></code> causes an exception to be set
|
||
if <em>pylong</em> is negative. Without this flag, negative values will be copied
|
||
provided there is enough space for at least one sign bit, regardless of
|
||
whether <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_UNSIGNED_BUFFER</span></code> was specified.</p>
|
||
<p>If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_ALLOW_INDEX</span></code> is specified and a non-integer value is
|
||
passed, its <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__index__" title="object.__index__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__index__()</span></code></a> method will be called first. This may
|
||
result in Python code executing and other threads being allowed to run, which
|
||
could cause changes to other objects or values in use. When <em>flags</em> is
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code>, this option is not set, and non-integer values will raise
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>With the default <em>flags</em> (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code>, or <em>UNSIGNED_BUFFER</em> without
|
||
<em>REJECT_NEGATIVE</em>), multiple Python integers can map to a single value
|
||
without overflow. For example, both <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">255</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code> fit a single-byte
|
||
buffer and set all its bits.
|
||
This matches typical C cast behavior.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.13.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_GetInfo">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyLong_GetInfo</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">void</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_GetInfo" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>On success, return a read only <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-named-tuple"><span class="xref std std-term">named tuple</span></a>, that holds
|
||
information about Python’s internal representation of integers.
|
||
See <a class="reference internal" href="../library/sys.html#sys.int_info" title="sys.int_info"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.int_info</span></code></a> for description of individual fields.</p>
|
||
<p>On failure, return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> with an exception set.</p>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.1.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyUnstable_Long_IsCompact">
|
||
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyUnstable_Long_IsCompact</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyLongObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">op</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnstable_Long_IsCompact" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><div class="unstable-c-api warning admonition">
|
||
<em>This is <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#unstable-c-api"><span class="std std-ref">Unstable API</span></a>. It may change without warning in minor releases.</em></div>
|
||
<p>Return 1 if <em>op</em> is compact, 0 otherwise.</p>
|
||
<p>This function makes it possible for performance-critical code to implement
|
||
a “fast path” for small integers. For compact values use
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyUnstable_Long_CompactValue" title="PyUnstable_Long_CompactValue"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyUnstable_Long_CompactValue()</span></code></a>; for others fall back to a
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLong_AsSize_t" title="PyLong_AsSize_t"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLong_As*</span></code></a> function or
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLong_AsNativeBytes" title="PyLong_AsNativeBytes"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLong_AsNativeBytes()</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
<p>The speedup is expected to be negligible for most users.</p>
|
||
<p>Exactly what values are considered compact is an implementation detail
|
||
and is subject to change.</p>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.12.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyUnstable_Long_CompactValue">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyUnstable_Long_CompactValue</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyLongObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">op</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnstable_Long_CompactValue" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><div class="unstable-c-api warning admonition">
|
||
<em>This is <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#unstable-c-api"><span class="std std-ref">Unstable API</span></a>. It may change without warning in minor releases.</em></div>
|
||
<p>If <em>op</em> is compact, as determined by <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyUnstable_Long_IsCompact" title="PyUnstable_Long_IsCompact"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyUnstable_Long_IsCompact()</span></code></a>,
|
||
return its value.</p>
|
||
<p>Otherwise, the return value is undefined.</p>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.12.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
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