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<section id="bytes-objects">
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<span id="bytesobjects"></span><h1>Bytes Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#bytes-objects" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
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<p>These functions raise <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a> when expecting a bytes parameter and
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called with a non-bytes parameter.</p>
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<dl class="c type" id="index-0">
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<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyBytesObject">
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||
<span class="k"><span class="pre">type</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyBytesObject</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyBytesObject" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
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<dd><p>This subtype of <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></code></a> represents a Python bytes object.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="c var">
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<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyBytes_Type">
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||
<a class="reference internal" href="type.html#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyTypeObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyBytes_Type</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyBytes_Type" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>This instance of <a class="reference internal" href="type.html#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyTypeObject</span></code></a> represents the Python bytes type; it
|
||
is the same object as <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a> in the Python layer.</p>
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||
</dd></dl>
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||
|
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<dl class="c function">
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||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyBytes_Check">
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||
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyBytes_Check</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyBytes_Check" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Return true if the object <em>o</em> is a bytes object or an instance of a subtype
|
||
of the bytes type. This function always succeeds.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyBytes_CheckExact">
|
||
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyBytes_CheckExact</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyBytes_CheckExact" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Return true if the object <em>o</em> is a bytes object, but not an instance of a
|
||
subtype of the bytes type. This function always succeeds.</p>
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||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
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||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyBytes_FromString">
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||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyBytes_FromString</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">v</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyBytes_FromString" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Return a new bytes object with a copy of the string <em>v</em> as value on success,
|
||
and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on failure. The parameter <em>v</em> must not be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>; it will not be
|
||
checked.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyBytes_FromStringAndSize">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyBytes_FromStringAndSize</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">v</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">len</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyBytes_FromStringAndSize" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Return a new bytes object with a copy of the string <em>v</em> as value and length
|
||
<em>len</em> on success, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on failure. If <em>v</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>, the contents of
|
||
the bytes object are uninitialized.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyBytes_FromFormat">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyBytes_FromFormat</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">format</span></span>, <span class="p"><span class="pre">...</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyBytes_FromFormat" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Take a C <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">printf()</span></code>-style <em>format</em> string and a variable number of
|
||
arguments, calculate the size of the resulting Python bytes object and return
|
||
a bytes object with the values formatted into it. The variable arguments
|
||
must be C types and must correspond exactly to the format characters in the
|
||
<em>format</em> string. The following format characters are allowed:</p>
|
||
<table class="docutils align-default">
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Format Characters</p></th>
|
||
<th class="head"><p>Type</p></th>
|
||
<th class="head"><p>Comment</p></th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%%</span></code></p></td>
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||
<td><p><em>n/a</em></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>The literal % character.</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
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||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%c</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>int</p></td>
|
||
<td><p>A single byte,
|
||
represented as a C int.</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%d</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>int</p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Equivalent to
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">printf("%d")</span></code>. <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id9" id="id1" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>1<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a></p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%u</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>unsigned int</p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Equivalent to
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">printf("%u")</span></code>. <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id9" id="id2" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>1<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a></p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%ld</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>long</p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Equivalent to
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">printf("%ld")</span></code>. <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id9" id="id3" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>1<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a></p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%lu</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>unsigned long</p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Equivalent to
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">printf("%lu")</span></code>. <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id9" id="id4" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>1<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a></p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%zd</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Equivalent to
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">printf("%zd")</span></code>. <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id9" id="id5" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>1<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a></p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%zu</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>size_t</p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Equivalent to
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">printf("%zu")</span></code>. <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id9" id="id6" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>1<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a></p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%i</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>int</p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Equivalent to
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">printf("%i")</span></code>. <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id9" id="id7" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>1<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a></p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%x</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>int</p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Equivalent to
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">printf("%x")</span></code>. <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id9" id="id8" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>1<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a></p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%s</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>const char*</p></td>
|
||
<td><p>A null-terminated C character
|
||
array.</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%p</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>const void*</p></td>
|
||
<td><p>The hex representation of a C
|
||
pointer. Mostly equivalent to
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">printf("%p")</span></code> except that
|
||
it is guaranteed to start with
|
||
the literal <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0x</span></code> regardless
|
||
of what the platform’s
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">printf</span></code> yields.</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<p>An unrecognized format character causes all the rest of the format string to be
|
||
copied as-is to the result object, and any extra arguments discarded.</p>
|
||
<aside class="footnote-list brackets">
|
||
<aside class="footnote brackets" id="id9" role="doc-footnote">
|
||
<span class="label"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>1<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></span>
|
||
<span class="backrefs">(<a role="doc-backlink" href="#id1">1</a>,<a role="doc-backlink" href="#id2">2</a>,<a role="doc-backlink" href="#id3">3</a>,<a role="doc-backlink" href="#id4">4</a>,<a role="doc-backlink" href="#id5">5</a>,<a role="doc-backlink" href="#id6">6</a>,<a role="doc-backlink" href="#id7">7</a>,<a role="doc-backlink" href="#id8">8</a>)</span>
|
||
<p>For integer specifiers (d, u, ld, lu, zd, zu, i, x): the 0-conversion
|
||
flag has effect even when a precision is given.</p>
|
||
</aside>
|
||
</aside>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyBytes_FromFormatV">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyBytes_FromFormatV</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">format</span></span>, <span class="n"><span class="pre">va_list</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">vargs</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyBytes_FromFormatV" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Identical to <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyBytes_FromFormat" title="PyBytes_FromFormat"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyBytes_FromFormat()</span></code></a> except that it takes exactly two
|
||
arguments.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyBytes_FromObject">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyBytes_FromObject</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyBytes_FromObject" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Return the bytes representation of object <em>o</em> that implements the buffer
|
||
protocol.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyBytes_Size">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyBytes_Size</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyBytes_Size" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Return the length of the bytes in bytes object <em>o</em>.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyBytes_GET_SIZE">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyBytes_GET_SIZE</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyBytes_GET_SIZE" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyBytes_Size" title="PyBytes_Size"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyBytes_Size()</span></code></a>, but without error checking.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyBytes_AsString">
|
||
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyBytes_AsString</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyBytes_AsString" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Return a pointer to the contents of <em>o</em>. The pointer
|
||
refers to the internal buffer of <em>o</em>, which consists of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">len(o)</span> <span class="pre">+</span> <span class="pre">1</span></code>
|
||
bytes. The last byte in the buffer is always null, regardless of
|
||
whether there are any other null bytes. The data must not be
|
||
modified in any way, unless the object was just created using
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL,</span> <span class="pre">size)</span></code>. It must not be deallocated. If
|
||
<em>o</em> is not a bytes object at all, <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyBytes_AsString" title="PyBytes_AsString"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyBytes_AsString()</span></code></a> returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>
|
||
and raises <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyBytes_AS_STRING">
|
||
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyBytes_AS_STRING</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">string</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyBytes_AS_STRING" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyBytes_AsString" title="PyBytes_AsString"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyBytes_AsString()</span></code></a>, but without error checking.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyBytes_AsStringAndSize">
|
||
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyBytes_AsStringAndSize</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">obj</span></span>, <span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">buffer</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">length</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyBytes_AsStringAndSize" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Return the null-terminated contents of the object <em>obj</em>
|
||
through the output variables <em>buffer</em> and <em>length</em>.
|
||
Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> on success.</p>
|
||
<p>If <em>length</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>, the bytes object
|
||
may not contain embedded null bytes;
|
||
if it does, the function returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code> and a <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> is raised.</p>
|
||
<p>The buffer refers to an internal buffer of <em>obj</em>, which includes an
|
||
additional null byte at the end (not counted in <em>length</em>). The data
|
||
must not be modified in any way, unless the object was just created using
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL,</span> <span class="pre">size)</span></code>. It must not be deallocated. If
|
||
<em>obj</em> is not a bytes object at all, <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyBytes_AsStringAndSize" title="PyBytes_AsStringAndSize"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyBytes_AsStringAndSize()</span></code></a>
|
||
returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code> and raises <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.5: </span>Previously, <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a> was raised when embedded null bytes were
|
||
encountered in the bytes object.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyBytes_Concat">
|
||
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">void</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyBytes_Concat</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">bytes</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">newpart</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyBytes_Concat" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Create a new bytes object in <em>*bytes</em> containing the contents of <em>newpart</em>
|
||
appended to <em>bytes</em>; the caller will own the new reference. The reference to
|
||
the old value of <em>bytes</em> will be stolen. If the new object cannot be
|
||
created, the old reference to <em>bytes</em> will still be discarded and the value
|
||
of <em>*bytes</em> will be set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>; the appropriate exception will be set.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyBytes_ConcatAndDel">
|
||
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">void</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyBytes_ConcatAndDel</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">bytes</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">newpart</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyBytes_ConcatAndDel" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Create a new bytes object in <em>*bytes</em> containing the contents of <em>newpart</em>
|
||
appended to <em>bytes</em>. This version releases the <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-strong-reference"><span class="xref std std-term">strong reference</span></a>
|
||
to <em>newpart</em> (i.e. decrements its reference count).</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="c function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c._PyBytes_Resize">
|
||
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">_PyBytes_Resize</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">bytes</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">newsize</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c._PyBytes_Resize" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Resize a bytes object. <em>newsize</em> will be the new length of the bytes object.
|
||
You can think of it as creating a new bytes object and destroying the old
|
||
one, only more efficiently.
|
||
Pass the address of an
|
||
existing bytes object as an lvalue (it may be written into), and the new size
|
||
desired. On success, <em>*bytes</em> holds the resized bytes object and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> is
|
||
returned; the address in <em>*bytes</em> may differ from its input value. If the
|
||
reallocation fails, the original bytes object at <em>*bytes</em> is deallocated,
|
||
<em>*bytes</em> is set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>, <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#MemoryError" title="MemoryError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MemoryError</span></code></a> is set, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code> is
|
||
returned.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
|
||
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|
||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
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|
||
<h4>Next topic</h4>
|
||
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|
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|
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|
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Copyright
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2001-2025, Python Software Foundation.
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This page is licensed under the Python Software Foundation License Version 2.
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Examples, recipes, and other code in the documentation are additionally licensed under the Zero Clause BSD License.
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See <a href="/license.html">History and License</a> for more information.<br />
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<br />
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<br />
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Last updated on Apr 08, 2025 (14:33 UTC).
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<a href="/bugs.html">Found a bug</a>?
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Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 8.2.3.
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