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<section id="module-time">
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<span id="time-time-access-and-conversions"></span><h1><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code> — Time access and conversions<a class="headerlink" href="#module-time" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
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<hr class="docutils" />
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<p>This module provides various time-related functions. For related
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functionality, see also the <a class="reference internal" href="datetime.html#module-datetime" title="datetime: Basic date and time types."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="calendar.html#module-calendar" title="calendar: Functions for working with calendars, including some emulation of the Unix cal program."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">calendar</span></code></a> modules.</p>
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<p>Although this module is always available,
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not all functions are available on all platforms. Most of the functions
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defined in this module call platform C library functions with the same name. It
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may sometimes be helpful to consult the platform documentation, because the
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semantics of these functions varies among platforms.</p>
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<p>An explanation of some terminology and conventions is in order.</p>
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||
<span id="epoch"></span><ul class="simple" id="index-0">
|
||
<li><p>The <em class="dfn">epoch</em> is the point where the time starts, the return value of
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||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time.gmtime(0)</span></code>. It is January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 (UTC) on all platforms.</p></li>
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</ul>
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<ul class="simple" id="index-1">
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||
<li><p>The term <em class="dfn">seconds since the epoch</em> refers to the total number
|
||
of elapsed seconds since the epoch, typically excluding
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||
<a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leap_second">leap seconds</a>. Leap seconds are excluded from this total on all
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||
POSIX-compliant platforms.</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<ul class="simple" id="index-2">
|
||
<li><p>The functions in this module may not handle dates and times before the <a class="reference internal" href="#epoch">epoch</a> or
|
||
far in the future. The cut-off point in the future is determined by the C
|
||
library; for 32-bit systems, it is typically in 2038.</p></li>
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</ul>
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<ul class="simple" id="index-3">
|
||
<li><p>Function <a class="reference internal" href="#time.strptime" title="time.strptime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strptime()</span></code></a> can parse 2-digit years when given <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%y</span></code> format
|
||
code. When 2-digit years are parsed, they are converted according to the POSIX
|
||
and ISO C standards: values 69–99 are mapped to 1969–1999, and values 0–68
|
||
are mapped to 2000–2068.</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<ul class="simple" id="index-4">
|
||
<li><p>UTC is <a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time">Coordinated Universal Time</a> and superseded <a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time">Greenwich Mean Time</a> or
|
||
GMT as the basis of international timekeeping. The acronym UTC is not a
|
||
mistake but conforms to an earlier, language-agnostic naming scheme for time
|
||
standards such as UT0, UT1, and UT2.</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<ul id="index-5">
|
||
<li><p>DST is Daylight Saving Time, an adjustment of the timezone by (usually) one
|
||
hour during part of the year. DST rules are magic (determined by local law) and
|
||
can change from year to year. The C library has a table containing the local
|
||
rules (often it is read from a system file for flexibility) and is the only
|
||
source of True Wisdom in this respect.</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>The precision of the various real-time functions may be less than suggested by
|
||
the units in which their value or argument is expressed. E.g. on most Unix
|
||
systems, the clock “ticks” only 50 or 100 times a second.</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>On the other hand, the precision of <a class="reference internal" href="#time.time" title="time.time"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#time.sleep" title="time.sleep"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sleep()</span></code></a> is better
|
||
than their Unix equivalents: times are expressed as floating-point numbers,
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.time" title="time.time"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time()</span></code></a> returns the most accurate time available (using Unix
|
||
<code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gettimeofday()</span></code> where available), and <a class="reference internal" href="#time.sleep" title="time.sleep"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sleep()</span></code></a> will accept a time
|
||
with a nonzero fraction (Unix <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">select()</span></code> is used to implement this, where
|
||
available).</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>The time value as returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#time.gmtime" title="time.gmtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gmtime()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#time.localtime" title="time.localtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">localtime()</span></code></a>, and
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.strptime" title="time.strptime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strptime()</span></code></a>, and accepted by <a class="reference internal" href="#time.asctime" title="time.asctime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asctime()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#time.mktime" title="time.mktime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mktime()</span></code></a> and
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.strftime" title="time.strftime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strftime()</span></code></a>, is a sequence of 9 integers. The return values of
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.gmtime" title="time.gmtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gmtime()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#time.localtime" title="time.localtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">localtime()</span></code></a>, and <a class="reference internal" href="#time.strptime" title="time.strptime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strptime()</span></code></a> also offer attribute
|
||
names for individual fields.</p>
|
||
<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="#time.struct_time" title="time.struct_time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">struct_time</span></code></a> for a description of these objects.</p>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.3: </span>The <a class="reference internal" href="#time.struct_time" title="time.struct_time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">struct_time</span></code></a> type was extended to provide
|
||
the <a class="reference internal" href="#time.struct_time.tm_gmtoff" title="time.struct_time.tm_gmtoff"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tm_gmtoff</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#time.struct_time.tm_zone" title="time.struct_time.tm_zone"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tm_zone</span></code></a>
|
||
attributes when platform supports corresponding
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">struct</span> <span class="pre">tm</span></code> members.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.6: </span>The <a class="reference internal" href="#time.struct_time" title="time.struct_time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">struct_time</span></code></a> attributes
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.struct_time.tm_gmtoff" title="time.struct_time.tm_gmtoff"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tm_gmtoff</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#time.struct_time.tm_zone" title="time.struct_time.tm_zone"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tm_zone</span></code></a>
|
||
are now available on all platforms.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><p>Use the following functions to convert between time representations:</p>
|
||
<table class="docutils align-default">
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>From</p></th>
|
||
<th class="head"><p>To</p></th>
|
||
<th class="head"><p>Use</p></th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>seconds since the epoch</p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="#time.struct_time" title="time.struct_time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">struct_time</span></code></a> in
|
||
UTC</p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="#time.gmtime" title="time.gmtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gmtime()</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>seconds since the epoch</p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="#time.struct_time" title="time.struct_time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">struct_time</span></code></a> in
|
||
local time</p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="#time.localtime" title="time.localtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">localtime()</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="#time.struct_time" title="time.struct_time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">struct_time</span></code></a> in
|
||
UTC</p></td>
|
||
<td><p>seconds since the epoch</p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="calendar.html#calendar.timegm" title="calendar.timegm"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">calendar.timegm()</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="#time.struct_time" title="time.struct_time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">struct_time</span></code></a> in
|
||
local time</p></td>
|
||
<td><p>seconds since the epoch</p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="#time.mktime" title="time.mktime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mktime()</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<section id="functions">
|
||
<span id="time-functions"></span><h2>Functions<a class="headerlink" href="#functions" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.asctime">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">asctime</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">t</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.asctime" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Convert a tuple or <a class="reference internal" href="#time.struct_time" title="time.struct_time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">struct_time</span></code></a> representing a time as returned by
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.gmtime" title="time.gmtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gmtime()</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#time.localtime" title="time.localtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">localtime()</span></code></a> to a string of the following
|
||
form: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'Sun</span> <span class="pre">Jun</span> <span class="pre">20</span> <span class="pre">23:21:05</span> <span class="pre">1993'</span></code>. The day field is two characters long
|
||
and is space padded if the day is a single digit,
|
||
e.g.: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'Wed</span> <span class="pre">Jun</span>  <span class="pre">9</span> <span class="pre">04:26:40</span> <span class="pre">1993'</span></code>.</p>
|
||
<p>If <em>t</em> is not provided, the current time as returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#time.localtime" title="time.localtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">localtime()</span></code></a>
|
||
is used. Locale information is not used by <a class="reference internal" href="#time.asctime" title="time.asctime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asctime()</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>Unlike the C function of the same name, <a class="reference internal" href="#time.asctime" title="time.asctime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asctime()</span></code></a> does not add a
|
||
trailing newline.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.pthread_getcpuclockid">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">pthread_getcpuclockid</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">thread_id</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.pthread_getcpuclockid" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Return the <em>clk_id</em> of the thread-specific CPU-time clock for the specified <em>thread_id</em>.</p>
|
||
<p>Use <a class="reference internal" href="threading.html#threading.get_ident" title="threading.get_ident"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">threading.get_ident()</span></code></a> or the <a class="reference internal" href="threading.html#threading.Thread.ident" title="threading.Thread.ident"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ident</span></code></a>
|
||
attribute of <a class="reference internal" href="threading.html#threading.Thread" title="threading.Thread"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">threading.Thread</span></code></a> objects to get a suitable value
|
||
for <em>thread_id</em>.</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition warning">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
|
||
<p>Passing an invalid or expired <em>thread_id</em> may result in
|
||
undefined behavior, such as segmentation fault.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="availability docutils container">
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: Unix</p>
|
||
<p>See the man page for <em class="manpage"><a class="manpage reference external" href="https://manpages.debian.org/pthread_getcpuclockid(3)">pthread_getcpuclockid(3)</a></em> for
|
||
further information.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.7.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.clock_getres">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">clock_getres</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">clk_id</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.clock_getres" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Return the resolution (precision) of the specified clock <em>clk_id</em>. Refer to
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#time-clock-id-constants"><span class="std std-ref">Clock ID Constants</span></a> for a list of accepted values for <em>clk_id</em>.</p>
|
||
<div class="availability docutils container">
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: Unix.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.3.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.clock_gettime">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">clock_gettime</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">clk_id</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">→</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#float" title="float"><span class="pre">float</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.clock_gettime" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Return the time of the specified clock <em>clk_id</em>. Refer to
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#time-clock-id-constants"><span class="std std-ref">Clock ID Constants</span></a> for a list of accepted values for <em>clk_id</em>.</p>
|
||
<p>Use <a class="reference internal" href="#time.clock_gettime_ns" title="time.clock_gettime_ns"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">clock_gettime_ns()</span></code></a> to avoid the precision loss caused by the
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#float" title="float"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">float</span></code></a> type.</p>
|
||
<div class="availability docutils container">
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: Unix.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.3.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.clock_gettime_ns">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">clock_gettime_ns</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">clk_id</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">→</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#int" title="int"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.clock_gettime_ns" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#time.clock_gettime" title="time.clock_gettime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">clock_gettime()</span></code></a> but return time as nanoseconds.</p>
|
||
<div class="availability docutils container">
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: Unix.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.7.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.clock_settime">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">clock_settime</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">clk_id</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">time</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#float" title="float"><span class="pre">float</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.clock_settime" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Set the time of the specified clock <em>clk_id</em>. Currently,
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.CLOCK_REALTIME" title="time.CLOCK_REALTIME"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CLOCK_REALTIME</span></code></a> is the only accepted value for <em>clk_id</em>.</p>
|
||
<p>Use <a class="reference internal" href="#time.clock_settime_ns" title="time.clock_settime_ns"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">clock_settime_ns()</span></code></a> to avoid the precision loss caused by the
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#float" title="float"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">float</span></code></a> type.</p>
|
||
<div class="availability docutils container">
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: Unix, not Android, not iOS.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.3.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.clock_settime_ns">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">clock_settime_ns</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">clk_id</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">time</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#int" title="int"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.clock_settime_ns" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#time.clock_settime" title="time.clock_settime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">clock_settime()</span></code></a> but set time with nanoseconds.</p>
|
||
<div class="availability docutils container">
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: Unix, not Android, not iOS.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.7.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.ctime">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ctime</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">secs</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.ctime" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Convert a time expressed in seconds since the <a class="reference internal" href="#epoch">epoch</a> to a string of a form:
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'Sun</span> <span class="pre">Jun</span> <span class="pre">20</span> <span class="pre">23:21:05</span> <span class="pre">1993'</span></code> representing local time. The day field
|
||
is two characters long and is space padded if the day is a single digit,
|
||
e.g.: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'Wed</span> <span class="pre">Jun</span>  <span class="pre">9</span> <span class="pre">04:26:40</span> <span class="pre">1993'</span></code>.</p>
|
||
<p>If <em>secs</em> is not provided or <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#None" title="None"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></a>, the current time as
|
||
returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#time.time" title="time.time"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time()</span></code></a> is used. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ctime(secs)</span></code> is equivalent to
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asctime(localtime(secs))</span></code>. Locale information is not used by
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.ctime" title="time.ctime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ctime()</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.get_clock_info">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_clock_info</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.get_clock_info" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Get information on the specified clock as a namespace object.
|
||
Supported clock names and the corresponding functions to read their value
|
||
are:</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'monotonic'</span></code>: <a class="reference internal" href="#time.monotonic" title="time.monotonic"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time.monotonic()</span></code></a></p></li>
|
||
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'perf_counter'</span></code>: <a class="reference internal" href="#time.perf_counter" title="time.perf_counter"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time.perf_counter()</span></code></a></p></li>
|
||
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'process_time'</span></code>: <a class="reference internal" href="#time.process_time" title="time.process_time"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time.process_time()</span></code></a></p></li>
|
||
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'thread_time'</span></code>: <a class="reference internal" href="#time.thread_time" title="time.thread_time"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time.thread_time()</span></code></a></p></li>
|
||
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'time'</span></code>: <a class="reference internal" href="#time.time" title="time.time"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time.time()</span></code></a></p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>The result has the following attributes:</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p><em>adjustable</em>: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> if the clock can be changed automatically (e.g. by
|
||
a NTP daemon) or manually by the system administrator, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code> otherwise</p></li>
|
||
<li><p><em>implementation</em>: The name of the underlying C function used to get
|
||
the clock value. Refer to <a class="reference internal" href="#time-clock-id-constants"><span class="std std-ref">Clock ID Constants</span></a> for possible values.</p></li>
|
||
<li><p><em>monotonic</em>: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> if the clock cannot go backward,
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code> otherwise</p></li>
|
||
<li><p><em>resolution</em>: The resolution of the clock in seconds (<a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#float" title="float"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">float</span></code></a>)</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.3.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.gmtime">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">gmtime</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">secs</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.gmtime" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Convert a time expressed in seconds since the <a class="reference internal" href="#epoch">epoch</a> to a <a class="reference internal" href="#time.struct_time" title="time.struct_time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">struct_time</span></code></a> in
|
||
UTC in which the dst flag is always zero. If <em>secs</em> is not provided or
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#None" title="None"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></a>, the current time as returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#time.time" title="time.time"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time()</span></code></a> is used. Fractions
|
||
of a second are ignored. See above for a description of the
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.struct_time" title="time.struct_time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">struct_time</span></code></a> object. See <a class="reference internal" href="calendar.html#calendar.timegm" title="calendar.timegm"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">calendar.timegm()</span></code></a> for the inverse of this
|
||
function.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.localtime">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">localtime</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">secs</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.localtime" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Like <a class="reference internal" href="#time.gmtime" title="time.gmtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gmtime()</span></code></a> but converts to local time. If <em>secs</em> is not provided or
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#None" title="None"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></a>, the current time as returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#time.time" title="time.time"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time()</span></code></a> is used. The dst
|
||
flag is set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code> when DST applies to the given time.</p>
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#time.localtime" title="time.localtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">localtime()</span></code></a> may raise <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OverflowError</span></code></a>, if the timestamp is
|
||
outside the range of values supported by the platform C <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">localtime()</span></code>
|
||
or <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gmtime()</span></code> functions, and <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a> on <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">localtime()</span></code> or
|
||
<code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gmtime()</span></code> failure. It’s common for this to be restricted to years
|
||
between 1970 and 2038.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.mktime">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">mktime</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">t</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.mktime" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>This is the inverse function of <a class="reference internal" href="#time.localtime" title="time.localtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">localtime()</span></code></a>. Its argument is the
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.struct_time" title="time.struct_time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">struct_time</span></code></a> or full 9-tuple (since the dst flag is needed; use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code>
|
||
as the dst flag if it is unknown) which expresses the time in <em>local</em> time, not
|
||
UTC. It returns a floating-point number, for compatibility with <a class="reference internal" href="#time.time" title="time.time"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time()</span></code></a>.
|
||
If the input value cannot be represented as a valid time, either
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OverflowError</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> will be raised (which depends on
|
||
whether the invalid value is caught by Python or the underlying C libraries).
|
||
The earliest date for which it can generate a time is platform-dependent.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.monotonic">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">monotonic</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">→</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#float" title="float"><span class="pre">float</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.monotonic" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Return the value (in fractional seconds) of a monotonic clock, i.e. a clock
|
||
that cannot go backwards. The clock is not affected by system clock updates.
|
||
The reference point of the returned value is undefined, so that only the
|
||
difference between the results of two calls is valid.</p>
|
||
<p>Clock:</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p>On Windows, call <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QueryPerformanceCounter()</span></code> and
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QueryPerformanceFrequency()</span></code>.</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>On macOS, call <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mach_absolute_time()</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mach_timebase_info()</span></code>.</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>On HP-UX, call <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gethrtime()</span></code>.</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>Call <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">clock_gettime(CLOCK_HIGHRES)</span></code> if available.</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>Otherwise, call <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)</span></code>.</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>Use <a class="reference internal" href="#time.monotonic_ns" title="time.monotonic_ns"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">monotonic_ns()</span></code></a> to avoid the precision loss caused by the
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#float" title="float"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">float</span></code></a> type.</p>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.3.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.5: </span>The function is now always available and always system-wide.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.10: </span>On macOS, the function is now system-wide.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.monotonic_ns">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">monotonic_ns</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">→</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#int" title="int"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.monotonic_ns" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#time.monotonic" title="time.monotonic"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">monotonic()</span></code></a>, but return time as nanoseconds.</p>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.7.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.perf_counter">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">perf_counter</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">→</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#float" title="float"><span class="pre">float</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.perf_counter" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p id="index-6">Return the value (in fractional seconds) of a performance counter, i.e. a
|
||
clock with the highest available resolution to measure a short duration. It
|
||
does include time elapsed during sleep and is system-wide. The reference
|
||
point of the returned value is undefined, so that only the difference between
|
||
the results of two calls is valid.</p>
|
||
<div class="impl-detail compound">
|
||
<p><strong>CPython implementation detail:</strong> On CPython, use the same clock as <a class="reference internal" href="#time.monotonic" title="time.monotonic"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time.monotonic()</span></code></a> and is a
|
||
monotonic clock, i.e. a clock that cannot go backwards.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Use <a class="reference internal" href="#time.perf_counter_ns" title="time.perf_counter_ns"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">perf_counter_ns()</span></code></a> to avoid the precision loss caused by the
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#float" title="float"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">float</span></code></a> type.</p>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.3.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.10: </span>On Windows, the function is now system-wide.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.13: </span>Use the same clock as <a class="reference internal" href="#time.monotonic" title="time.monotonic"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time.monotonic()</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.perf_counter_ns">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">perf_counter_ns</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">→</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#int" title="int"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.perf_counter_ns" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#time.perf_counter" title="time.perf_counter"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">perf_counter()</span></code></a>, but return time as nanoseconds.</p>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.7.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.process_time">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">process_time</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">→</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#float" title="float"><span class="pre">float</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.process_time" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p id="index-7">Return the value (in fractional seconds) of the sum of the system and user
|
||
CPU time of the current process. It does not include time elapsed during
|
||
sleep. It is process-wide by definition. The reference point of the
|
||
returned value is undefined, so that only the difference between the results
|
||
of two calls is valid.</p>
|
||
<p>Use <a class="reference internal" href="#time.process_time_ns" title="time.process_time_ns"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">process_time_ns()</span></code></a> to avoid the precision loss caused by the
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#float" title="float"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">float</span></code></a> type.</p>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.3.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.process_time_ns">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">process_time_ns</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">→</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#int" title="int"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.process_time_ns" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#time.process_time" title="time.process_time"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">process_time()</span></code></a> but return time as nanoseconds.</p>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.7.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.sleep">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">sleep</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">secs</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.sleep" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Suspend execution of the calling thread for the given number of seconds.
|
||
The argument may be a floating-point number to indicate a more precise sleep
|
||
time.</p>
|
||
<p>If the sleep is interrupted by a signal and no exception is raised by the
|
||
signal handler, the sleep is restarted with a recomputed timeout.</p>
|
||
<p>The suspension time may be longer than requested by an arbitrary amount,
|
||
because of the scheduling of other activity in the system.</p>
|
||
<p class="rubric">Windows implementation</p>
|
||
<p>On Windows, if <em>secs</em> is zero, the thread relinquishes the remainder of its
|
||
time slice to any other thread that is ready to run. If there are no other
|
||
threads ready to run, the function returns immediately, and the thread
|
||
continues execution. On Windows 8.1 and newer the implementation uses
|
||
a <a class="reference external" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/windows-hardware/drivers/kernel/high-resolution-timers">high-resolution timer</a>
|
||
which provides resolution of 100 nanoseconds. If <em>secs</em> is zero, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Sleep(0)</span></code> is used.</p>
|
||
<p class="rubric">Unix implementation</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p>Use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">clock_nanosleep()</span></code> if available (resolution: 1 nanosecond);</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>Or use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">nanosleep()</span></code> if available (resolution: 1 nanosecond);</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>Or use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">select()</span></code> (resolution: 1 microsecond).</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>To emulate a “no-op”, use <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/simple_stmts.html#pass"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pass</span></code></a> instead of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time.sleep(0)</span></code>.</p>
|
||
<p>To voluntarily relinquish the CPU, specify a real-time <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os-scheduling-policy"><span class="std std-ref">scheduling
|
||
policy</span></a> and use <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.sched_yield" title="os.sched_yield"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.sched_yield()</span></code></a> instead.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p class="audit-hook" id="audit_event_time_sleep_0">Raises an <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#auditing"><span class="std std-ref">auditing event</span></a> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time.sleep</span></code> with argument <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">secs</span></code>.</p>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.5: </span>The function now sleeps at least <em>secs</em> even if the sleep is interrupted
|
||
by a signal, except if the signal handler raises an exception (see
|
||
<span class="target" id="index-8"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0475/"><strong>PEP 475</strong></a> for the rationale).</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.11: </span>On Unix, the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">clock_nanosleep()</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">nanosleep()</span></code> functions are now
|
||
used if available. On Windows, a waitable timer is now used.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.13: </span>Raises an auditing event.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function" id="index-9">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.strftime">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">strftime</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">format</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">t</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.strftime" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Convert a tuple or <a class="reference internal" href="#time.struct_time" title="time.struct_time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">struct_time</span></code></a> representing a time as returned by
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.gmtime" title="time.gmtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gmtime()</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#time.localtime" title="time.localtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">localtime()</span></code></a> to a string as specified by the <em>format</em>
|
||
argument. If <em>t</em> is not provided, the current time as returned by
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.localtime" title="time.localtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">localtime()</span></code></a> is used. <em>format</em> must be a string. <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> is
|
||
raised if any field in <em>t</em> is outside of the allowed range.</p>
|
||
<p>0 is a legal argument for any position in the time tuple; if it is normally
|
||
illegal the value is forced to a correct one.</p>
|
||
<p>The following directives can be embedded in the <em>format</em> string. They are shown
|
||
without the optional field width and precision specification, and are replaced
|
||
by the indicated characters in the <a class="reference internal" href="#time.strftime" title="time.strftime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strftime()</span></code></a> result:</p>
|
||
<table class="docutils align-default">
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Directive</p></th>
|
||
<th class="head"><p>Meaning</p></th>
|
||
<th class="head"><p>Notes</p></th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%a</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Locale’s abbreviated weekday name.</p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%A</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Locale’s full weekday name.</p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%b</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Locale’s abbreviated month name.</p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%B</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Locale’s full month name.</p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%c</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Locale’s appropriate date and time
|
||
representation.</p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%d</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31].</p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%f</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><dl class="simple">
|
||
<dt>Microseconds as a decimal number</dt><dd><p>[000000,999999].</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td><p>(1)</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%H</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number
|
||
[00,23].</p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%I</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number
|
||
[01,12].</p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%j</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Day of the year as a decimal number [001,366].</p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%m</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Month as a decimal number [01,12].</p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%M</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Minute as a decimal number [00,59].</p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%p</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Locale’s equivalent of either AM or PM.</p></td>
|
||
<td><p>(2)</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%S</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Second as a decimal number [00,61].</p></td>
|
||
<td><p>(3)</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%U</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Week number of the year (Sunday as the first
|
||
day of the week) as a decimal number [00,53].
|
||
All days in a new year preceding the first
|
||
Sunday are considered to be in week 0.</p></td>
|
||
<td><p>(4)</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%u</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Day of the week (Monday is 1; Sunday is 7)
|
||
as a decimal number [1, 7].</p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%w</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Weekday as a decimal number [0(Sunday),6].</p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%W</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Week number of the year (Monday as the first
|
||
day of the week) as a decimal number [00,53].
|
||
All days in a new year preceding the first
|
||
Monday are considered to be in week 0.</p></td>
|
||
<td><p>(4)</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%x</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Locale’s appropriate date representation.</p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%X</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Locale’s appropriate time representation.</p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%y</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Year without century as a decimal number
|
||
[00,99].</p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%Y</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Year with century as a decimal number.</p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%z</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Time zone offset indicating a positive or
|
||
negative time difference from UTC/GMT of the
|
||
form +HHMM or -HHMM, where H represents decimal
|
||
hour digits and M represents decimal minute
|
||
digits [-23:59, +23:59]. <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id4" id="id1" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>1<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%Z</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Time zone name (no characters if no time zone
|
||
exists). Deprecated. <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id4" id="id2" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>1<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%G</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>ISO 8601 year (similar to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%Y</span></code> but follows
|
||
the rules for the ISO 8601 calendar year).
|
||
The year starts with the week that contains
|
||
the first Thursday of the calendar year.</p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%V</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>ISO 8601 week number (as a decimal number
|
||
[01,53]). The first week of the year is the
|
||
one that contains the first Thursday of the
|
||
year. Weeks start on Monday.</p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%%</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>A literal <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'%'</span></code> character.</p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<p>Notes:</p>
|
||
<ol class="arabic simple">
|
||
<li><p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%f</span></code> format directive only applies to <a class="reference internal" href="#time.strptime" title="time.strptime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strptime()</span></code></a>,
|
||
not to <a class="reference internal" href="#time.strftime" title="time.strftime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strftime()</span></code></a>. However, see also <a class="reference internal" href="datetime.html#datetime.datetime.strptime" title="datetime.datetime.strptime"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime.datetime.strptime()</span></code></a> and
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="datetime.html#datetime.datetime.strftime" title="datetime.datetime.strftime"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime.datetime.strftime()</span></code></a> where the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%f</span></code> format directive
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="datetime.html#format-codes"><span class="std std-ref">applies to microseconds</span></a>.</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>When used with the <a class="reference internal" href="#time.strptime" title="time.strptime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strptime()</span></code></a> function, the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%p</span></code> directive only affects
|
||
the output hour field if the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%I</span></code> directive is used to parse the hour.</p></li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<ol class="arabic simple" id="leap-second" start="3">
|
||
<li><p>The range really is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">61</span></code>; value <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">60</span></code> is valid in
|
||
timestamps representing <a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leap_second">leap seconds</a> and value <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">61</span></code> is supported
|
||
for historical reasons.</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>When used with the <a class="reference internal" href="#time.strptime" title="time.strptime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strptime()</span></code></a> function, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%U</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%W</span></code> are only used in
|
||
calculations when the day of the week and the year are specified.</p></li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<p>Here is an example, a format for dates compatible with that specified in the
|
||
<span class="target" id="index-10"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2822.html"><strong>RFC 2822</strong></a> Internet email standard. <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id4" id="id3" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>1<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a></p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">gmtime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">strftime</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">strftime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="si">%a</span><span class="s2">, </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2"> %b %Y %H:%M:%S +0000"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">gmtime</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||
<span class="go">'Thu, 28 Jun 2001 14:17:15 +0000'</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Additional directives may be supported on certain platforms, but only the
|
||
ones listed here have a meaning standardized by ANSI C. To see the full set
|
||
of format codes supported on your platform, consult the <em class="manpage"><a class="manpage reference external" href="https://manpages.debian.org/strftime(3)">strftime(3)</a></em>
|
||
documentation.</p>
|
||
<p>On some platforms, an optional field width and precision specification can
|
||
immediately follow the initial <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'%'</span></code> of a directive in the following order;
|
||
this is also not portable. The field width is normally 2 except for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%j</span></code> where
|
||
it is 3.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function" id="index-11">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.strptime">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">strptime</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">string</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">format</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.strptime" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Parse a string representing a time according to a format. The return value
|
||
is a <a class="reference internal" href="#time.struct_time" title="time.struct_time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">struct_time</span></code></a> as returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#time.gmtime" title="time.gmtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gmtime()</span></code></a> or
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.localtime" title="time.localtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">localtime()</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
<p>The <em>format</em> parameter uses the same directives as those used by
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.strftime" title="time.strftime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strftime()</span></code></a>; it defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">"%a</span> <span class="pre">%b</span> <span class="pre">%d</span> <span class="pre">%H:%M:%S</span> <span class="pre">%Y"</span></code> which matches the
|
||
formatting returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#time.ctime" title="time.ctime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ctime()</span></code></a>. If <em>string</em> cannot be parsed according
|
||
to <em>format</em>, or if it has excess data after parsing, <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> is
|
||
raised. The default values used to fill in any missing data when more
|
||
accurate values cannot be inferred are <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(1900,</span> <span class="pre">1,</span> <span class="pre">1,</span> <span class="pre">0,</span> <span class="pre">0,</span> <span class="pre">0,</span> <span class="pre">0,</span> <span class="pre">1,</span> <span class="pre">-1)</span></code>.
|
||
Both <em>string</em> and <em>format</em> must be strings.</p>
|
||
<p>For example:</p>
|
||
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">time</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">strptime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"30 Nov 00"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2"> %b %y"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="go">time.struct_time(tm_year=2000, tm_mon=11, tm_mday=30, tm_hour=0, tm_min=0,</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> tm_sec=0, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=335, tm_isdst=-1)</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Support for the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%Z</span></code> directive is based on the values contained in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzname</span></code>
|
||
and whether <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">daylight</span></code> is true. Because of this, it is platform-specific
|
||
except for recognizing UTC and GMT which are always known (and are considered to
|
||
be non-daylight savings timezones).</p>
|
||
<p>Only the directives specified in the documentation are supported. Because
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strftime()</span></code> is implemented per platform it can sometimes offer more
|
||
directives than those listed. But <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strptime()</span></code> is independent of any platform
|
||
and thus does not necessarily support all directives available that are not
|
||
documented as supported.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py class">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.struct_time">
|
||
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">class</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">struct_time</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.struct_time" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>The type of the time value sequence returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#time.gmtime" title="time.gmtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gmtime()</span></code></a>,
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.localtime" title="time.localtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">localtime()</span></code></a>, and <a class="reference internal" href="#time.strptime" title="time.strptime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strptime()</span></code></a>. It is an object with a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-named-tuple"><span class="xref std std-term">named
|
||
tuple</span></a> interface: values can be accessed by index and by attribute name. The
|
||
following values are present:</p>
|
||
<table class="docutils align-default">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Index</p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Attribute</p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Values</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>0</p></td>
|
||
<td><dl class="py attribute">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.struct_time.tm_year">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tm_year</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.struct_time.tm_year" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td><p>(for example, 1993)</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>1</p></td>
|
||
<td><dl class="py attribute">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.struct_time.tm_mon">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tm_mon</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.struct_time.tm_mon" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td><p>range [1, 12]</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>2</p></td>
|
||
<td><dl class="py attribute">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.struct_time.tm_mday">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tm_mday</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.struct_time.tm_mday" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td><p>range [1, 31]</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>3</p></td>
|
||
<td><dl class="py attribute">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.struct_time.tm_hour">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tm_hour</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.struct_time.tm_hour" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td><p>range [0, 23]</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>4</p></td>
|
||
<td><dl class="py attribute">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.struct_time.tm_min">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tm_min</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.struct_time.tm_min" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td><p>range [0, 59]</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>5</p></td>
|
||
<td><dl class="py attribute">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.struct_time.tm_sec">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tm_sec</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.struct_time.tm_sec" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td><p>range [0, 61]; see <a class="reference internal" href="#leap-second"><span class="std std-ref">Note (2)</span></a> in <a class="reference internal" href="#time.strftime" title="time.strftime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strftime()</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>6</p></td>
|
||
<td><dl class="py attribute">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.struct_time.tm_wday">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tm_wday</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.struct_time.tm_wday" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td><p>range [0, 6]; Monday is 0</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>7</p></td>
|
||
<td><dl class="py attribute">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.struct_time.tm_yday">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tm_yday</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.struct_time.tm_yday" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td><p>range [1, 366]</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>8</p></td>
|
||
<td><dl class="py attribute">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.struct_time.tm_isdst">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tm_isdst</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.struct_time.tm_isdst" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td><p>0, 1 or -1; see below</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>N/A</p></td>
|
||
<td><dl class="py attribute">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.struct_time.tm_zone">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tm_zone</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.struct_time.tm_zone" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td><p>abbreviation of timezone name</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>N/A</p></td>
|
||
<td><dl class="py attribute">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.struct_time.tm_gmtoff">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tm_gmtoff</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.struct_time.tm_gmtoff" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td><p>offset east of UTC in seconds</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<p>Note that unlike the C structure, the month value is a range of [1, 12], not
|
||
[0, 11].</p>
|
||
<p>In calls to <a class="reference internal" href="#time.mktime" title="time.mktime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mktime()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#time.struct_time.tm_isdst" title="time.struct_time.tm_isdst"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tm_isdst</span></code></a> may be set to 1 when daylight
|
||
savings time is in effect, and 0 when it is not. A value of -1 indicates that
|
||
this is not known, and will usually result in the correct state being filled in.</p>
|
||
<p>When a tuple with an incorrect length is passed to a function expecting a
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.struct_time" title="time.struct_time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">struct_time</span></code></a>, or having elements of the wrong type, a
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a> is raised.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.time">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">time</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">→</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#float" title="float"><span class="pre">float</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.time" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Return the time in seconds since the <a class="reference internal" href="#epoch">epoch</a> as a floating-point
|
||
number. The handling of <a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leap_second">leap seconds</a> is platform dependent.
|
||
On Windows and most Unix systems, the leap seconds are not counted towards
|
||
the time in seconds since the <a class="reference internal" href="#epoch">epoch</a>. This is commonly referred to as <a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_time">Unix
|
||
time</a>.</p>
|
||
<p>Note that even though the time is always returned as a floating-point
|
||
number, not all systems provide time with a better precision than 1 second.
|
||
While this function normally returns non-decreasing values, it can return a
|
||
lower value than a previous call if the system clock has been set back
|
||
between the two calls.</p>
|
||
<p>The number returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#time.time" title="time.time"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time()</span></code></a> may be converted into a more common
|
||
time format (i.e. year, month, day, hour, etc…) in UTC by passing it to
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.gmtime" title="time.gmtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gmtime()</span></code></a> function or in local time by passing it to the
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.localtime" title="time.localtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">localtime()</span></code></a> function. In both cases a
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.struct_time" title="time.struct_time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">struct_time</span></code></a> object is returned, from which the components
|
||
of the calendar date may be accessed as attributes.</p>
|
||
<p>Clock:</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p>On Windows, call <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GetSystemTimeAsFileTime()</span></code>.</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>Call <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME)</span></code> if available.</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>Otherwise, call <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gettimeofday()</span></code>.</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>Use <a class="reference internal" href="#time.time_ns" title="time.time_ns"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time_ns()</span></code></a> to avoid the precision loss caused by the <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#float" title="float"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">float</span></code></a>
|
||
type.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.time_ns">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">time_ns</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">→</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#int" title="int"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.time_ns" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#time.time" title="time.time"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time()</span></code></a> but returns time as an integer number of
|
||
nanoseconds since the <a class="reference internal" href="#epoch">epoch</a>.</p>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.7.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.thread_time">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">thread_time</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">→</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#float" title="float"><span class="pre">float</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.thread_time" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p id="index-12">Return the value (in fractional seconds) of the sum of the system and user
|
||
CPU time of the current thread. It does not include time elapsed during
|
||
sleep. It is thread-specific by definition. The reference point of the
|
||
returned value is undefined, so that only the difference between the results
|
||
of two calls in the same thread is valid.</p>
|
||
<p>Use <a class="reference internal" href="#time.thread_time_ns" title="time.thread_time_ns"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">thread_time_ns()</span></code></a> to avoid the precision loss caused by the
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#float" title="float"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">float</span></code></a> type.</p>
|
||
<div class="availability docutils container">
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: Linux, Unix, Windows.</p>
|
||
<p>Unix systems supporting <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID</span></code>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.7.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.thread_time_ns">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">thread_time_ns</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">→</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#int" title="int"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.thread_time_ns" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#time.thread_time" title="time.thread_time"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">thread_time()</span></code></a> but return time as nanoseconds.</p>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.7.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.tzset">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tzset</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.tzset" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Reset the time conversion rules used by the library routines. The environment
|
||
variable <span class="target" id="index-13"></span><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TZ</span></code> specifies how this is done. It will also set the variables
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzname</span></code> (from the <span class="target" id="index-14"></span><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TZ</span></code> environment variable), <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timezone</span></code> (non-DST
|
||
seconds West of UTC), <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">altzone</span></code> (DST seconds west of UTC) and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">daylight</span></code>
|
||
(to 0 if this timezone does not have any daylight saving time rules, or to
|
||
nonzero if there is a time, past, present or future when daylight saving time
|
||
applies).</p>
|
||
<div class="availability docutils container">
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: Unix.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>Although in many cases, changing the <span class="target" id="index-15"></span><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TZ</span></code> environment variable may
|
||
affect the output of functions like <a class="reference internal" href="#time.localtime" title="time.localtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">localtime()</span></code></a> without calling
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.tzset" title="time.tzset"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzset()</span></code></a>, this behavior should not be relied on.</p>
|
||
<p>The <span class="target" id="index-16"></span><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TZ</span></code> environment variable should contain no whitespace.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>The standard format of the <span class="target" id="index-17"></span><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TZ</span></code> environment variable is (whitespace
|
||
added for clarity):</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">std</span> <span class="n">offset</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">dst</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">offset</span> <span class="p">[,</span><span class="n">start</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">end</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">]]]]</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Where the components are:</p>
|
||
<dl>
|
||
<dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">std</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dst</span></code></dt><dd><p>Three or more alphanumerics giving the timezone abbreviations. These will be
|
||
propagated into time.tzname</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
<dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">offset</span></code></dt><dd><p>The offset has the form: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">±</span> <span class="pre">hh[:mm[:ss]]</span></code>. This indicates the value
|
||
added the local time to arrive at UTC. If preceded by a ‘-’, the timezone
|
||
is east of the Prime Meridian; otherwise, it is west. If no offset follows
|
||
dst, summer time is assumed to be one hour ahead of standard time.</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
<dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start[/time],</span> <span class="pre">end[/time]</span></code></dt><dd><p>Indicates when to change to and back from DST. The format of the
|
||
start and end dates are one of the following:</p>
|
||
<dl class="simple">
|
||
<dt><code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">J</span><em><span class="pre">n</span></em></code></dt><dd><p>The Julian day <em>n</em> (1 <= <em>n</em> <= 365). Leap days are not counted, so in
|
||
all years February 28 is day 59 and March 1 is day 60.</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
<dt><code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">n</span></em></code></dt><dd><p>The zero-based Julian day (0 <= <em>n</em> <= 365). Leap days are counted, and
|
||
it is possible to refer to February 29.</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
<dt><code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">M</span><em><span class="pre">m</span></em><span class="pre">.</span><em><span class="pre">n</span></em><span class="pre">.</span><em><span class="pre">d</span></em></code></dt><dd><p>The <em>d</em>’th day (0 <= <em>d</em> <= 6) of week <em>n</em> of month <em>m</em> of the year (1
|
||
<= <em>n</em> <= 5, 1 <= <em>m</em> <= 12, where week 5 means “the last <em>d</em> day in
|
||
month <em>m</em>” which may occur in either the fourth or the fifth
|
||
week). Week 1 is the first week in which the <em>d</em>’th day occurs. Day
|
||
zero is a Sunday.</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl>
|
||
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code> has the same format as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">offset</span></code> except that no leading sign
|
||
(‘-’ or ‘+’) is allowed. The default, if time is not given, is 02:00:00.</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">environ</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'TZ'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'EST+05EDT,M4.1.0,M10.5.0'</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tzset</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">strftime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="si">%X</span><span class="s1"> </span><span class="si">%x</span><span class="s1"> %Z'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="go">'02:07:36 05/08/03 EDT'</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">environ</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'TZ'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'AEST-10AEDT-11,M10.5.0,M3.5.0'</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tzset</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">strftime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="si">%X</span><span class="s1"> </span><span class="si">%x</span><span class="s1"> %Z'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="go">'16:08:12 05/08/03 AEST'</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>On many Unix systems (including *BSD, Linux, Solaris, and Darwin), it is more
|
||
convenient to use the system’s zoneinfo (<em class="manpage"><a class="manpage reference external" href="https://manpages.debian.org/tzfile(5)">tzfile(5)</a></em>) database to
|
||
specify the timezone rules. To do this, set the <span class="target" id="index-18"></span><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TZ</span></code> environment
|
||
variable to the path of the required timezone datafile, relative to the root of
|
||
the systems ‘zoneinfo’ timezone database, usually located at
|
||
<code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/usr/share/zoneinfo</span></code>. For example, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'US/Eastern'</span></code>,
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'Australia/Melbourne'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'Egypt'</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'Europe/Amsterdam'</span></code>.</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">environ</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'TZ'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'US/Eastern'</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tzset</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tzname</span>
|
||
<span class="go">('EST', 'EDT')</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">environ</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'TZ'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'Egypt'</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tzset</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tzname</span>
|
||
<span class="go">('EET', 'EEST')</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="clock-id-constants">
|
||
<span id="time-clock-id-constants"></span><h2>Clock ID Constants<a class="headerlink" href="#clock-id-constants" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>These constants are used as parameters for <a class="reference internal" href="#time.clock_getres" title="time.clock_getres"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">clock_getres()</span></code></a> and
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.clock_gettime" title="time.clock_gettime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">clock_gettime()</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
<dl class="py data">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.CLOCK_BOOTTIME">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">CLOCK_BOOTTIME</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.CLOCK_BOOTTIME" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Identical to <a class="reference internal" href="#time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC" title="time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CLOCK_MONOTONIC</span></code></a>, except it also includes any time that
|
||
the system is suspended.</p>
|
||
<p>This allows applications to get a suspend-aware monotonic clock without
|
||
having to deal with the complications of <a class="reference internal" href="#time.CLOCK_REALTIME" title="time.CLOCK_REALTIME"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CLOCK_REALTIME</span></code></a>, which may
|
||
have discontinuities if the time is changed using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">settimeofday()</span></code> or
|
||
similar.</p>
|
||
<div class="availability docutils container">
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: Linux >= 2.6.39.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.7.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py data">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.CLOCK_HIGHRES">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">CLOCK_HIGHRES</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.CLOCK_HIGHRES" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>The Solaris OS has a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CLOCK_HIGHRES</span></code> timer that attempts to use an optimal
|
||
hardware source, and may give close to nanosecond resolution.
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CLOCK_HIGHRES</span></code> is the nonadjustable, high-resolution clock.</p>
|
||
<div class="availability docutils container">
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: Solaris.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.3.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py data">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">CLOCK_MONOTONIC</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Clock that cannot be set and represents monotonic time since some unspecified
|
||
starting point.</p>
|
||
<div class="availability docutils container">
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: Unix.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.3.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py data">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC" title="time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CLOCK_MONOTONIC</span></code></a>, but provides access to a raw
|
||
hardware-based time that is not subject to NTP adjustments.</p>
|
||
<div class="availability docutils container">
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: Linux >= 2.6.28, macOS >= 10.12.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.3.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py data">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW_APPROX">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW_APPROX</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW_APPROX" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW" title="time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW</span></code></a>, but reads a value cached by
|
||
the system at context switch and hence has less accuracy.</p>
|
||
<div class="availability docutils container">
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: macOS >= 10.12.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.13.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py data">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>High-resolution per-process timer from the CPU.</p>
|
||
<div class="availability docutils container">
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: Unix.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.3.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py data">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.CLOCK_PROF">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">CLOCK_PROF</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.CLOCK_PROF" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>High-resolution per-process timer from the CPU.</p>
|
||
<div class="availability docutils container">
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: FreeBSD, NetBSD >= 7, OpenBSD.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.7.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py data">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.CLOCK_TAI">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">CLOCK_TAI</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.CLOCK_TAI" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/nist-time-frequently-asked-questions-faq#tai">International Atomic Time</a></p>
|
||
<p>The system must have a current leap second table in order for this to give
|
||
the correct answer. PTP or NTP software can maintain a leap second table.</p>
|
||
<div class="availability docutils container">
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: Linux.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.9.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py data">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Thread-specific CPU-time clock.</p>
|
||
<div class="availability docutils container">
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: Unix.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.3.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py data">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.CLOCK_UPTIME">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">CLOCK_UPTIME</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.CLOCK_UPTIME" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Time whose absolute value is the time the system has been running and not
|
||
suspended, providing accurate uptime measurement, both absolute and
|
||
interval.</p>
|
||
<div class="availability docutils container">
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: FreeBSD, OpenBSD >= 5.5.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.7.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py data">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.CLOCK_UPTIME_RAW">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">CLOCK_UPTIME_RAW</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.CLOCK_UPTIME_RAW" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Clock that increments monotonically, tracking the time since an arbitrary
|
||
point, unaffected by frequency or time adjustments and not incremented while
|
||
the system is asleep.</p>
|
||
<div class="availability docutils container">
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: macOS >= 10.12.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.8.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py data">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.CLOCK_UPTIME_RAW_APPROX">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">CLOCK_UPTIME_RAW_APPROX</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.CLOCK_UPTIME_RAW_APPROX" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Like <a class="reference internal" href="#time.CLOCK_UPTIME_RAW" title="time.CLOCK_UPTIME_RAW"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CLOCK_UPTIME_RAW</span></code></a>, but the value is cached by the system
|
||
at context switches and therefore has less accuracy.</p>
|
||
<div class="availability docutils container">
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: macOS >= 10.12.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.13.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<p>The following constant is the only parameter that can be sent to
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.clock_settime" title="time.clock_settime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">clock_settime()</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
<dl class="py data">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.CLOCK_REALTIME">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">CLOCK_REALTIME</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.CLOCK_REALTIME" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>System-wide real-time clock. Setting this clock requires appropriate
|
||
privileges.</p>
|
||
<div class="availability docutils container">
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: Unix.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.3.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="timezone-constants">
|
||
<span id="time-timezone-constants"></span><h2>Timezone Constants<a class="headerlink" href="#timezone-constants" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<dl class="py data">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.altzone">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">altzone</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.altzone" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>The offset of the local DST timezone, in seconds west of UTC, if one is defined.
|
||
This is negative if the local DST timezone is east of UTC (as in Western Europe,
|
||
including the UK). Only use this if <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">daylight</span></code> is nonzero. See note below.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py data">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.daylight">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">daylight</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.daylight" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Nonzero if a DST timezone is defined. See note below.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py data">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.timezone">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">timezone</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.timezone" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>The offset of the local (non-DST) timezone, in seconds west of UTC (negative in
|
||
most of Western Europe, positive in the US, zero in the UK). See note below.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py data">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.tzname">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tzname</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#time.tzname" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>A tuple of two strings: the first is the name of the local non-DST timezone, the
|
||
second is the name of the local DST timezone. If no DST timezone is defined,
|
||
the second string should not be used. See note below.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>For the above Timezone constants (<a class="reference internal" href="#time.altzone" title="time.altzone"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">altzone</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#time.daylight" title="time.daylight"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">daylight</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#time.timezone" title="time.timezone"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timezone</span></code></a>,
|
||
and <a class="reference internal" href="#time.tzname" title="time.tzname"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzname</span></code></a>), the value is determined by the timezone rules in effect
|
||
at module load time or the last time <a class="reference internal" href="#time.tzset" title="time.tzset"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzset()</span></code></a> is called and may be incorrect
|
||
for times in the past. It is recommended to use the <a class="reference internal" href="#time.struct_time.tm_gmtoff" title="time.struct_time.tm_gmtoff"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tm_gmtoff</span></code></a> and
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.struct_time.tm_zone" title="time.struct_time.tm_zone"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tm_zone</span></code></a> results from <a class="reference internal" href="#time.localtime" title="time.localtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">localtime()</span></code></a> to obtain timezone information.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="admonition seealso">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
|
||
<dl class="simple">
|
||
<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="datetime.html#module-datetime" title="datetime: Basic date and time types."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>More object-oriented interface to dates and times.</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="locale.html#module-locale" title="locale: Internationalization services."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">locale</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>Internationalization services. The locale setting affects the interpretation
|
||
of many format specifiers in <a class="reference internal" href="#time.strftime" title="time.strftime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strftime()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#time.strptime" title="time.strptime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strptime()</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="calendar.html#module-calendar" title="calendar: Functions for working with calendars, including some emulation of the Unix cal program."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">calendar</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>General calendar-related functions. <a class="reference internal" href="calendar.html#calendar.timegm" title="calendar.timegm"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timegm()</span></code></a> is the
|
||
inverse of <a class="reference internal" href="#time.gmtime" title="time.gmtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gmtime()</span></code></a> from this module.</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p class="rubric">Footnotes</p>
|
||
<aside class="footnote-list brackets">
|
||
<aside class="footnote brackets" id="id4" role="doc-footnote">
|
||
<span class="label"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>1<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></span>
|
||
<span class="backrefs">(<a role="doc-backlink" href="#id1">1</a>,<a role="doc-backlink" href="#id2">2</a>,<a role="doc-backlink" href="#id3">3</a>)</span>
|
||
<p>The use of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%Z</span></code> is now deprecated, but the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%z</span></code> escape that expands to the
|
||
preferred hour/minute offset is not supported by all ANSI C libraries. Also, a
|
||
strict reading of the original 1982 <span class="target" id="index-19"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc822.html"><strong>RFC 822</strong></a> standard calls for a two-digit
|
||
year (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%y</span></code> rather than <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%Y</span></code>), but practice moved to 4-digit years long before the
|
||
year 2000. After that, <span class="target" id="index-20"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc822.html"><strong>RFC 822</strong></a> became obsolete and the 4-digit year has
|
||
been first recommended by <span class="target" id="index-21"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1123.html"><strong>RFC 1123</strong></a> and then mandated by <span class="target" id="index-22"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2822.html"><strong>RFC 2822</strong></a>.</p>
|
||
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|
||
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|
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|
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|
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<ul>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code> — Time access and conversions</a><ul>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#functions">Functions</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#clock-id-constants">Clock ID Constants</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#timezone-constants">Timezone Constants</a></li>
|
||
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|
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|
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