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<section id="module-importlib.resources.abc">
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<span id="importlib-resources-abc-abstract-base-classes-for-resources"></span><h1><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib.resources.abc</span></code> – Abstract base classes for resources<a class="headerlink" href="#module-importlib.resources.abc" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
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<p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="extlink-source reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.13/Lib/importlib/resources/abc.py">Lib/importlib/resources/abc.py</a></p>
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<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.11.</span></p>
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<dl class="py class">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="importlib.resources.abc.ResourceReader">
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<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">class</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">importlib.resources.abc.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ResourceReader</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#importlib.resources.abc.ResourceReader" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p><em>Superseded by TraversableResources</em></p>
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<p>An <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-abstract-base-class"><span class="xref std std-term">abstract base class</span></a> to provide the ability to read
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<em>resources</em>.</p>
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<p>From the perspective of this ABC, a <em>resource</em> is a binary
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artifact that is shipped within a package. Typically this is
|
||
something like a data file that lives next to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__init__.py</span></code>
|
||
file of the package. The purpose of this class is to help abstract
|
||
out the accessing of such data files so that it does not matter if
|
||
the package and its data file(s) are stored e.g. in a zip file
|
||
versus on the file system.</p>
|
||
<p>For any of methods of this class, a <em>resource</em> argument is
|
||
expected to be a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-path-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">path-like object</span></a> which represents
|
||
conceptually just a file name. This means that no subdirectory
|
||
paths should be included in the <em>resource</em> argument. This is
|
||
because the location of the package the reader is for, acts as the
|
||
“directory”. Hence the metaphor for directories and file
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||
names is packages and resources, respectively. This is also why
|
||
instances of this class are expected to directly correlate to
|
||
a specific package (instead of potentially representing multiple
|
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packages or a module).</p>
|
||
<p>Loaders that wish to support resource reading are expected to
|
||
provide a method called <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">get_resource_reader(fullname)</span></code> which
|
||
returns an object implementing this ABC’s interface. If the module
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||
specified by fullname is not a package, this method should return
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#None" title="None"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></a>. An object compatible with this ABC should only be
|
||
returned when the specified module is a package.</p>
|
||
<div class="deprecated">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified deprecated">Deprecated since version 3.12: </span>Use <a class="reference internal" href="#importlib.resources.abc.TraversableResources" title="importlib.resources.abc.TraversableResources"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib.resources.abc.TraversableResources</span></code></a> instead.</p>
|
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</div>
|
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<dl class="py method">
|
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="importlib.resources.abc.ResourceReader.open_resource">
|
||
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">abstractmethod</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">open_resource</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">resource</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#importlib.resources.abc.ResourceReader.open_resource" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><blockquote>
|
||
<div><p>Returns an opened, <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-file-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">file-like object</span></a> for binary reading
|
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of the <em>resource</em>.</p>
|
||
<p>If the resource cannot be found, <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#FileNotFoundError" title="FileNotFoundError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FileNotFoundError</span></code></a> is
|
||
raised.</p>
|
||
</div></blockquote>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py method">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="importlib.resources.abc.ResourceReader.resource_path">
|
||
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">abstractmethod</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">resource_path</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">resource</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#importlib.resources.abc.ResourceReader.resource_path" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><blockquote>
|
||
<div><p>Returns the file system path to the <em>resource</em>.</p>
|
||
<p>If the resource does not concretely exist on the file system,
|
||
raise <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#FileNotFoundError" title="FileNotFoundError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FileNotFoundError</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
</div></blockquote>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py method">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="importlib.resources.abc.ResourceReader.is_resource">
|
||
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">abstractmethod</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">is_resource</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#importlib.resources.abc.ResourceReader.is_resource" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><blockquote>
|
||
<div><p>Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> if the named <em>name</em> is considered a resource.
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#FileNotFoundError" title="FileNotFoundError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FileNotFoundError</span></code></a> is raised if <em>name</em> does not exist.</p>
|
||
</div></blockquote>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py method">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="importlib.resources.abc.ResourceReader.contents">
|
||
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">abstractmethod</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">contents</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#importlib.resources.abc.ResourceReader.contents" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><blockquote>
|
||
<div><p>Returns an <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-iterable"><span class="xref std std-term">iterable</span></a> of strings over the contents of
|
||
the package. Do note that it is not required that all names
|
||
returned by the iterator be actual resources, e.g. it is
|
||
acceptable to return names for which <a class="reference internal" href="#importlib.resources.abc.ResourceReader.is_resource" title="importlib.resources.abc.ResourceReader.is_resource"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">is_resource()</span></code></a> would
|
||
be false.</p>
|
||
<p>Allowing non-resource names to be returned is to allow for
|
||
situations where how a package and its resources are stored
|
||
are known a priori and the non-resource names would be useful.
|
||
For instance, returning subdirectory names is allowed so that
|
||
when it is known that the package and resources are stored on
|
||
the file system then those subdirectory names can be used
|
||
directly.</p>
|
||
<p>The abstract method returns an iterable of no items.</p>
|
||
</div></blockquote>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py class">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="importlib.resources.abc.Traversable">
|
||
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">class</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">importlib.resources.abc.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Traversable</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#importlib.resources.abc.Traversable" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>An object with a subset of <a class="reference internal" href="pathlib.html#pathlib.Path" title="pathlib.Path"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pathlib.Path</span></code></a> methods suitable for
|
||
traversing directories and opening files.</p>
|
||
<p>For a representation of the object on the file-system, use
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="importlib.resources.html#importlib.resources.as_file" title="importlib.resources.as_file"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib.resources.as_file()</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
<dl class="py attribute">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="importlib.resources.abc.Traversable.name">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">name</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#importlib.resources.abc.Traversable.name" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Abstract. The base name of this object without any parent references.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py method">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="importlib.resources.abc.Traversable.iterdir">
|
||
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">abstractmethod</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">iterdir</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#importlib.resources.abc.Traversable.iterdir" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Yield Traversable objects in self.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py method">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="importlib.resources.abc.Traversable.is_dir">
|
||
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">abstractmethod</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">is_dir</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#importlib.resources.abc.Traversable.is_dir" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> if self is a directory.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py method">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="importlib.resources.abc.Traversable.is_file">
|
||
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">abstractmethod</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">is_file</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#importlib.resources.abc.Traversable.is_file" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> if self is a file.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py method">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="importlib.resources.abc.Traversable.joinpath">
|
||
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">abstractmethod</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">joinpath</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">pathsegments</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#importlib.resources.abc.Traversable.joinpath" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Traverse directories according to <em>pathsegments</em> and return
|
||
the result as <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Traversable</span></code>.</p>
|
||
<p>Each <em>pathsegments</em> argument may contain multiple names separated by
|
||
forward slashes (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">posixpath.sep</span></code> ).
|
||
For example, the following are equivalent:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">files</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">joinpath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'subdir'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'subsuddir'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'file.txt'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">files</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">joinpath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'subdir/subsuddir/file.txt'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Note that some <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Traversable</span></code> implementations
|
||
might not be updated to the latest version of the protocol.
|
||
For compatibility with such implementations, provide a single argument
|
||
without path separators to each call to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">joinpath</span></code>. For example:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">files</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">joinpath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'subdir'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">joinpath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'subsubdir'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">joinpath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'file.txt'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.11: </span><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">joinpath</span></code> accepts multiple <em>pathsegments</em>, and these segments
|
||
may contain forward slashes as path separators.
|
||
Previously, only a single <em>child</em> argument was accepted.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py method">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="importlib.resources.abc.Traversable.__truediv__">
|
||
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">abstractmethod</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__truediv__</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">child</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#importlib.resources.abc.Traversable.__truediv__" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Return Traversable child in self.
|
||
Equivalent to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">joinpath(child)</span></code>.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py method">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="importlib.resources.abc.Traversable.open">
|
||
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">abstractmethod</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">open</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">mode</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'r'</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">args</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">**</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">kwargs</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#importlib.resources.abc.Traversable.open" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p><em>mode</em> may be ‘r’ or ‘rb’ to open as text or binary. Return a handle
|
||
suitable for reading (same as <a class="reference internal" href="pathlib.html#pathlib.Path.open" title="pathlib.Path.open"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pathlib.Path.open</span></code></a>).</p>
|
||
<p>When opening as text, accepts encoding parameters such as those
|
||
accepted by <a class="reference internal" href="io.html#io.TextIOWrapper" title="io.TextIOWrapper"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">io.TextIOWrapper</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py method">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="importlib.resources.abc.Traversable.read_bytes">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">read_bytes</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#importlib.resources.abc.Traversable.read_bytes" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Read contents of self as bytes.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py method">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="importlib.resources.abc.Traversable.read_text">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">read_text</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">encoding</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#importlib.resources.abc.Traversable.read_text" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Read contents of self as text.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py class">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="importlib.resources.abc.TraversableResources">
|
||
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">class</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">importlib.resources.abc.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">TraversableResources</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#importlib.resources.abc.TraversableResources" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>An abstract base class for resource readers capable of serving
|
||
the <a class="reference internal" href="importlib.resources.html#importlib.resources.files" title="importlib.resources.files"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib.resources.files()</span></code></a> interface. Subclasses
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#importlib.resources.abc.ResourceReader" title="importlib.resources.abc.ResourceReader"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ResourceReader</span></code></a> and provides
|
||
concrete implementations of the <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ResourceReader</span></code>’s
|
||
abstract methods. Therefore, any loader supplying
|
||
<code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TraversableResources</span></code> also supplies <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ResourceReader</span></code>.</p>
|
||
<p>Loaders that wish to support resource reading are expected to
|
||
implement this interface.</p>
|
||
<dl class="py method">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="importlib.resources.abc.TraversableResources.files">
|
||
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">abstractmethod</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">files</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#importlib.resources.abc.TraversableResources.files" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Returns a <a class="reference internal" href="#importlib.resources.abc.Traversable" title="importlib.resources.abc.Traversable"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib.resources.abc.Traversable</span></code></a> object for the loaded
|
||
package.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
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|
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</section>
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