1567 lines
141 KiB
HTML
1567 lines
141 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
||
|
||
<html lang="en" data-content_root="../">
|
||
<head>
|
||
<meta charset="utf-8" />
|
||
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
|
||
<meta property="og:title" content="enum — Support for enumerations" />
|
||
<meta property="og:type" content="website" />
|
||
<meta property="og:url" content="https://docs.python.org/3/library/enum.html" />
|
||
<meta property="og:site_name" content="Python documentation" />
|
||
<meta property="og:description" content="Source code: Lib/enum.py Important: This page contains the API reference information. For tutorial information and discussion of more advanced topics, see Basic Tutorial, Advanced Tutorial, Enum Co..." />
|
||
<meta property="og:image" content="https://docs.python.org/3/_static/og-image.png" />
|
||
<meta property="og:image:alt" content="Python documentation" />
|
||
<meta name="description" content="Source code: Lib/enum.py Important: This page contains the API reference information. For tutorial information and discussion of more advanced topics, see Basic Tutorial, Advanced Tutorial, Enum Co..." />
|
||
<meta property="og:image:width" content="200">
|
||
<meta property="og:image:height" content="200">
|
||
<meta name="theme-color" content="#3776ab">
|
||
|
||
<title>enum — Support for enumerations — Python 3.13.3 documentation</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
|
||
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/pygments.css?v=b86133f3" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/pydoctheme.css?v=23252803" />
|
||
<link id="pygments_dark_css" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/pygments_dark.css?v=5349f25f" />
|
||
|
||
<script src="../_static/documentation_options.js?v=5d57ca2d"></script>
|
||
<script src="../_static/doctools.js?v=9bcbadda"></script>
|
||
<script src="../_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script>
|
||
|
||
<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml"
|
||
title="Search within Python 3.13.3 documentation"
|
||
href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/>
|
||
<link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" />
|
||
<link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" />
|
||
<link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" />
|
||
<link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" />
|
||
<link rel="next" title="graphlib — Functionality to operate with graph-like structures" href="graphlib.html" />
|
||
<link rel="prev" title="reprlib — Alternate repr() implementation" href="reprlib.html" />
|
||
|
||
<link rel="canonical" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/enum.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<style>
|
||
@media only screen {
|
||
table.full-width-table {
|
||
width: 100%;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
</style>
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pydoctheme_dark.css" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" id="pydoctheme_dark_css">
|
||
<link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.svg" />
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script>
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/menu.js"></script>
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/search-focus.js"></script>
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/themetoggle.js"></script>
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/rtd_switcher.js"></script>
|
||
<meta name="readthedocs-addons-api-version" content="1">
|
||
|
||
</head>
|
||
<body>
|
||
<div class="mobile-nav">
|
||
<input type="checkbox" id="menuToggler" class="toggler__input" aria-controls="navigation"
|
||
aria-pressed="false" aria-expanded="false" role="button" aria-label="Menu" />
|
||
<nav class="nav-content" role="navigation">
|
||
<label for="menuToggler" class="toggler__label">
|
||
<span></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
<span class="nav-items-wrapper">
|
||
<a href="https://www.python.org/" class="nav-logo">
|
||
<img src="../_static/py.svg" alt="Python logo"/>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<span class="version_switcher_placeholder"></span>
|
||
<form role="search" class="search" action="../search.html" method="get">
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="search-icon">
|
||
<path fill-rule="nonzero" fill="currentColor" d="M15.5 14h-.79l-.28-.27a6.5 6.5 0 001.48-5.34c-.47-2.78-2.79-5-5.59-5.34a6.505 6.505 0 00-7.27 7.27c.34 2.8 2.56 5.12 5.34 5.59a6.5 6.5 0 005.34-1.48l.27.28v.79l4.25 4.25c.41.41 1.08.41 1.49 0 .41-.41.41-1.08 0-1.49L15.5 14zm-6 0C7.01 14 5 11.99 5 9.5S7.01 5 9.5 5 14 7.01 14 9.5 11.99 14 9.5 14z"></path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
<input placeholder="Quick search" aria-label="Quick search" type="search" name="q" />
|
||
<input type="submit" value="Go"/>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</span>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
<div class="menu-wrapper">
|
||
<nav class="menu" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
|
||
<div class="language_switcher_placeholder"></div>
|
||
|
||
<label class="theme-selector-label">
|
||
Theme
|
||
<select class="theme-selector" oninput="activateTheme(this.value)">
|
||
<option value="auto" selected>Auto</option>
|
||
<option value="light">Light</option>
|
||
<option value="dark">Dark</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</label>
|
||
<div>
|
||
<h3><a href="../contents.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">enum</span></code> — Support for enumerations</a><ul>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#module-contents">Module Contents</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#data-types">Data Types</a><ul>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#supported-dunder-names">Supported <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__dunder__</span></code> names</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#supported-sunder-names">Supported <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_sunder_</span></code> names</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#utilities-and-decorators">Utilities and Decorators</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#notes">Notes</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
<h4>Previous topic</h4>
|
||
<p class="topless"><a href="reprlib.html"
|
||
title="previous chapter"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">reprlib</span></code> — Alternate <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">repr()</span></code> implementation</a></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
<h4>Next topic</h4>
|
||
<p class="topless"><a href="graphlib.html"
|
||
title="next chapter"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">graphlib</span></code> — Functionality to operate with graph-like structures</a></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div role="note" aria-label="source link">
|
||
<h3>This Page</h3>
|
||
<ul class="this-page-menu">
|
||
<li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a Bug</a></li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Doc/library/enum.rst"
|
||
rel="nofollow">Show Source
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="Related">
|
||
<h3>Navigation</h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
|
||
<a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index"
|
||
accesskey="I">index</a></li>
|
||
<li class="right" >
|
||
<a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
|
||
>modules</a> |</li>
|
||
<li class="right" >
|
||
<a href="graphlib.html" title="graphlib — Functionality to operate with graph-like structures"
|
||
accesskey="N">next</a> |</li>
|
||
<li class="right" >
|
||
<a href="reprlib.html" title="reprlib — Alternate repr() implementation"
|
||
accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li>
|
||
|
||
<li><img src="../_static/py.svg" alt="Python logo" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li>
|
||
<li class="switchers">
|
||
<div class="language_switcher_placeholder"></div>
|
||
<div class="version_switcher_placeholder"></div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="cpython-language-and-version">
|
||
<a href="../index.html">3.13.3 Documentation</a> »
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="datatypes.html" accesskey="U">Data Types</a> »</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href=""><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">enum</span></code> — Support for enumerations</a></li>
|
||
<li class="right">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="inline-search" role="search">
|
||
<form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get">
|
||
<input placeholder="Quick search" aria-label="Quick search" type="search" name="q" id="search-box" />
|
||
<input type="submit" value="Go" />
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="right">
|
||
<label class="theme-selector-label">
|
||
Theme
|
||
<select class="theme-selector" oninput="activateTheme(this.value)">
|
||
<option value="auto" selected>Auto</option>
|
||
<option value="light">Light</option>
|
||
<option value="dark">Dark</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</label> |</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="document">
|
||
<div class="documentwrapper">
|
||
<div class="bodywrapper">
|
||
<div class="body" role="main">
|
||
|
||
<section id="module-enum">
|
||
<span id="enum-support-for-enumerations"></span><h1><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">enum</span></code> — Support for enumerations<a class="headerlink" href="#module-enum" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.4.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="extlink-source reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.13/Lib/enum.py">Lib/enum.py</a></p>
|
||
<aside class="sidebar">
|
||
<p class="sidebar-title">Important</p>
|
||
<p>This page contains the API reference information. For tutorial
|
||
information and discussion of more advanced topics, see</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../howto/enum.html#enum-basic-tutorial"><span class="std std-ref">Basic Tutorial</span></a></p></li>
|
||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../howto/enum.html#enum-advanced-tutorial"><span class="std std-ref">Advanced Tutorial</span></a></p></li>
|
||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../howto/enum.html#enum-cookbook"><span class="std std-ref">Enum Cookbook</span></a></p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</aside>
|
||
<hr class="docutils" />
|
||
<p>An enumeration:</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p>is a set of symbolic names (members) bound to unique values</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>can be iterated over to return its canonical (i.e. non-alias) members in
|
||
definition order</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>uses <em>call</em> syntax to return members by value</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>uses <em>index</em> syntax to return members by name</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>Enumerations are created either by using <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#class"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">class</span></code></a> syntax, or by
|
||
using function-call syntax:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">enum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Enum</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="c1"># class syntax</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Color</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Enum</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">RED</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">GREEN</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">BLUE</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="c1"># functional syntax</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">Color</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Enum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Color'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[(</span><span class="s1">'RED'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'GREEN'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'BLUE'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)])</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Even though we can use <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#class"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">class</span></code></a> syntax to create Enums, Enums
|
||
are not normal Python classes. See
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="../howto/enum.html#enum-class-differences"><span class="std std-ref">How are Enums different?</span></a> for more details.</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>Nomenclature</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p>The class <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Color</span></code> is an <em>enumeration</em> (or <em>enum</em>)</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>The attributes <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Color.RED</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Color.GREEN</span></code>, etc., are
|
||
<em>enumeration members</em> (or <em>members</em>) and are functionally constants.</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>The enum members have <em>names</em> and <em>values</em> (the name of
|
||
<code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Color.RED</span></code> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RED</span></code>, the value of <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Color.BLUE</span></code> is
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">3</span></code>, etc.)</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<hr class="docutils" />
|
||
<section id="module-contents">
|
||
<h2>Module Contents<a class="headerlink" href="#module-contents" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<div><p><a class="reference internal" href="#enum.EnumType" title="enum.EnumType"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EnumType</span></code></a></p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<div><p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">type</span></code> for Enum and its subclasses.</p>
|
||
</div></blockquote>
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#enum.Enum" title="enum.Enum"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Enum</span></code></a></p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<div><p>Base class for creating enumerated constants.</p>
|
||
</div></blockquote>
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#enum.IntEnum" title="enum.IntEnum"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IntEnum</span></code></a></p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<div><p>Base class for creating enumerated constants that are also
|
||
subclasses of <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#int" title="int"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code></a>. (<a class="reference internal" href="#notes">Notes</a>)</p>
|
||
</div></blockquote>
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#enum.StrEnum" title="enum.StrEnum"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">StrEnum</span></code></a></p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<div><p>Base class for creating enumerated constants that are also
|
||
subclasses of <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a>. (<a class="reference internal" href="#notes">Notes</a>)</p>
|
||
</div></blockquote>
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#enum.Flag" title="enum.Flag"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Flag</span></code></a></p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<div><p>Base class for creating enumerated constants that can be combined using
|
||
the bitwise operations without losing their <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.Flag" title="enum.Flag"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Flag</span></code></a> membership.</p>
|
||
</div></blockquote>
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#enum.IntFlag" title="enum.IntFlag"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IntFlag</span></code></a></p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<div><p>Base class for creating enumerated constants that can be combined using
|
||
the bitwise operators without losing their <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.IntFlag" title="enum.IntFlag"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IntFlag</span></code></a> membership.
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#enum.IntFlag" title="enum.IntFlag"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IntFlag</span></code></a> members are also subclasses of <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#int" title="int"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code></a>. (<a class="reference internal" href="#notes">Notes</a>)</p>
|
||
</div></blockquote>
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#enum.ReprEnum" title="enum.ReprEnum"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ReprEnum</span></code></a></p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<div><p>Used by <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.IntEnum" title="enum.IntEnum"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IntEnum</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.StrEnum" title="enum.StrEnum"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">StrEnum</span></code></a>, and <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.IntFlag" title="enum.IntFlag"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IntFlag</span></code></a>
|
||
to keep the <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str()</span></code></a> of the mixed-in type.</p>
|
||
</div></blockquote>
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#enum.EnumCheck" title="enum.EnumCheck"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EnumCheck</span></code></a></p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<div><p>An enumeration with the values <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CONTINUOUS</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NAMED_FLAGS</span></code>, and
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UNIQUE</span></code>, for use with <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.verify" title="enum.verify"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">verify()</span></code></a> to ensure various constraints
|
||
are met by a given enumeration.</p>
|
||
</div></blockquote>
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#enum.FlagBoundary" title="enum.FlagBoundary"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FlagBoundary</span></code></a></p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<div><p>An enumeration with the values <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">STRICT</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CONFORM</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EJECT</span></code>, and
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KEEP</span></code> which allows for more fine-grained control over how invalid values
|
||
are dealt with in an enumeration.</p>
|
||
</div></blockquote>
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#enum.EnumDict" title="enum.EnumDict"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EnumDict</span></code></a></p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<div><p>A subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#dict" title="dict"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dict</span></code></a> for use when subclassing <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.EnumType" title="enum.EnumType"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EnumType</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
</div></blockquote>
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#enum.auto" title="enum.auto"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">auto</span></code></a></p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<div><p>Instances are replaced with an appropriate value for Enum members.
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#enum.StrEnum" title="enum.StrEnum"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">StrEnum</span></code></a> defaults to the lower-cased version of the member name,
|
||
while other Enums default to 1 and increase from there.</p>
|
||
</div></blockquote>
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#enum.property" title="enum.property"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">property()</span></code></a></p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<div><p>Allows <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.Enum" title="enum.Enum"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Enum</span></code></a> members to have attributes without conflicting with
|
||
member names. The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">value</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">name</span></code> attributes are implemented this
|
||
way.</p>
|
||
</div></blockquote>
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#enum.unique" title="enum.unique"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unique()</span></code></a></p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<div><p>Enum class decorator that ensures only one name is bound to any one value.</p>
|
||
</div></blockquote>
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#enum.verify" title="enum.verify"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">verify()</span></code></a></p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<div><p>Enum class decorator that checks user-selectable constraints on an
|
||
enumeration.</p>
|
||
</div></blockquote>
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#enum.member" title="enum.member"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">member()</span></code></a></p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<div><p>Make <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">obj</span></code> a member. Can be used as a decorator.</p>
|
||
</div></blockquote>
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#enum.nonmember" title="enum.nonmember"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">nonmember()</span></code></a></p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<div><p>Do not make <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">obj</span></code> a member. Can be used as a decorator.</p>
|
||
</div></blockquote>
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#enum.global_enum" title="enum.global_enum"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">global_enum()</span></code></a></p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<div><p>Modify the <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#repr" title="repr"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">repr()</span></code></a> of an enum
|
||
to show its members as belonging to the module instead of its class,
|
||
and export the enum members to the global namespace.</p>
|
||
</div></blockquote>
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#enum.show_flag_values" title="enum.show_flag_values"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">show_flag_values()</span></code></a></p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<div><p>Return a list of all power-of-two integers contained in a flag.</p>
|
||
</div></blockquote>
|
||
</div></blockquote>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.6: </span><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Flag</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IntFlag</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">auto</span></code></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.11: </span><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">StrEnum</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EnumCheck</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ReprEnum</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FlagBoundary</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">property</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">member</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">nonmember</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">global_enum</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">show_flag_values</span></code></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.13: </span><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EnumDict</span></code></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<hr class="docutils" />
|
||
<section id="data-types">
|
||
<h2>Data Types<a class="headerlink" href="#data-types" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<dl class="py class">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.EnumType">
|
||
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">class</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">enum.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">EnumType</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.EnumType" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p><em>EnumType</em> is the <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-metaclass"><span class="xref std std-term">metaclass</span></a> for <em>enum</em> enumerations. It is possible
|
||
to subclass <em>EnumType</em> – see <a class="reference internal" href="../howto/enum.html#enumtype-examples"><span class="std std-ref">Subclassing EnumType</span></a>
|
||
for details.</p>
|
||
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EnumType</span></code> is responsible for setting the correct <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__repr__()</span></code>,
|
||
<code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__str__()</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__format__()</span></code>, and <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__reduce__()</span></code> methods on the
|
||
final <em>enum</em>, as well as creating the enum members, properly handling
|
||
duplicates, providing iteration over the enum class, etc.</p>
|
||
<dl class="py method">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.EnumType.__call__">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__call__</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">cls</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">names</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="keyword-only-separator o"><abbr title="Keyword-only parameters separator (PEP 3102)"><span class="pre">*</span></abbr></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">module</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">qualname</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">type</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">start</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">boundary</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.EnumType.__call__" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>This method is called in two different ways:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><p>to look up an existing member:</p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<div><dl class="field-list simple">
|
||
<dt class="field-odd">cls<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
|
||
<dd class="field-odd"><p>The enum class being called.</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
<dt class="field-even">value<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
|
||
<dd class="field-even"><p>The value to lookup.</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl>
|
||
</div></blockquote>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><p>to use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cls</span></code> enum to create a new enum (only if the existing enum
|
||
does not have any members):</p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<div><dl class="field-list simple">
|
||
<dt class="field-odd">cls<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
|
||
<dd class="field-odd"><p>The enum class being called.</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
<dt class="field-even">value<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
|
||
<dd class="field-even"><p>The name of the new Enum to create.</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
<dt class="field-odd">names<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
|
||
<dd class="field-odd"><p>The names/values of the members for the new Enum.</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
<dt class="field-even">module<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
|
||
<dd class="field-even"><p>The name of the module the new Enum is created in.</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
<dt class="field-odd">qualname<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
|
||
<dd class="field-odd"><p>The actual location in the module where this Enum can be found.</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
<dt class="field-even">type<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
|
||
<dd class="field-even"><p>A mix-in type for the new Enum.</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
<dt class="field-odd">start<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
|
||
<dd class="field-odd"><p>The first integer value for the Enum (used by <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.auto" title="enum.auto"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">auto</span></code></a>).</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
<dt class="field-even">boundary<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
|
||
<dd class="field-even"><p>How to handle out-of-range values from bit operations (<a class="reference internal" href="#enum.Flag" title="enum.Flag"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Flag</span></code></a> only).</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl>
|
||
</div></blockquote>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py method">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.EnumType.__contains__">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__contains__</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">cls</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">member</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.EnumType.__contains__" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> if member belongs to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cls</span></code>:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">some_var</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Color</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">RED</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">some_var</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">Color</span>
|
||
<span class="go">True</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">Color</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">RED</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">value</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">Color</span>
|
||
<span class="go">True</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.12: </span>Before Python 3.12, a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code> is raised if a
|
||
non-Enum-member is used in a containment check.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<dl class="py method">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.EnumType.__dir__">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__dir__</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">cls</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.EnumType.__dir__" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">['__class__',</span> <span class="pre">'__doc__',</span> <span class="pre">'__members__',</span> <span class="pre">'__module__']</span></code> and the
|
||
names of the members in <em>cls</em>:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">dir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Color</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="go">['BLUE', 'GREEN', 'RED', '__class__', '__contains__', '__doc__', '__getitem__', '__init_subclass__', '__iter__', '__len__', '__members__', '__module__', '__name__', '__qualname__']</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py method">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.EnumType.__getitem__">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__getitem__</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">cls</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.EnumType.__getitem__" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Returns the Enum member in <em>cls</em> matching <em>name</em>, or raises a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#KeyError" title="KeyError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KeyError</span></code></a>:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">Color</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'BLUE'</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<span class="go"><Color.BLUE: 3></span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py method">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.EnumType.__iter__">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__iter__</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">cls</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.EnumType.__iter__" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Returns each member in <em>cls</em> in definition order:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Color</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="go">[<Color.RED: 1>, <Color.GREEN: 2>, <Color.BLUE: 3>]</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py method">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.EnumType.__len__">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__len__</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">cls</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.EnumType.__len__" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Returns the number of member in <em>cls</em>:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Color</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="go">3</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py attribute">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.EnumType.__members__">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__members__</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.EnumType.__members__" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Returns a mapping of every enum name to its member, including aliases</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py method">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.EnumType.__reversed__">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__reversed__</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">cls</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.EnumType.__reversed__" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Returns each member in <em>cls</em> in reverse definition order:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">reversed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Color</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||
<span class="go">[<Color.BLUE: 3>, <Color.GREEN: 2>, <Color.RED: 1>]</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py method">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.EnumType._add_alias_">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">_add_alias_</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.EnumType._add_alias_" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Adds a new name as an alias to an existing member. Raises a
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#NameError" title="NameError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NameError</span></code></a> if the name is already assigned to a different member.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py method">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.EnumType._add_value_alias_">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">_add_value_alias_</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.EnumType._add_value_alias_" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Adds a new value as an alias to an existing member. Raises a
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> if the value is already linked with a different member.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.11: </span>Before 3.11 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EnumType</span></code> was called <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EnumMeta</span></code>, which is still available as an alias.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py class">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.Enum">
|
||
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">class</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">enum.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Enum</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.Enum" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p><em>Enum</em> is the base class for all <em>enum</em> enumerations.</p>
|
||
<dl class="py attribute">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.Enum.name">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">name</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.Enum.name" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>The name used to define the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Enum</span></code> member:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">Color</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">BLUE</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span>
|
||
<span class="go">'BLUE'</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py attribute">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.Enum.value">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">value</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.Enum.value" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>The value given to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Enum</span></code> member:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">Color</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">RED</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">value</span>
|
||
<span class="go">1</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Value of the member, can be set in <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.Enum.__new__" title="enum.Enum.__new__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__new__()</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>Enum member values</p>
|
||
<p>Member values can be anything: <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#int" title="int"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a>, etc. If
|
||
the exact value is unimportant you may use <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.auto" title="enum.auto"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">auto</span></code></a> instances and an
|
||
appropriate value will be chosen for you. See <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.auto" title="enum.auto"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">auto</span></code></a> for the
|
||
details.</p>
|
||
<p>While mutable/unhashable values, such as <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#dict" title="dict"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dict</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#list" title="list"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list</span></code></a> or
|
||
a mutable <a class="reference internal" href="dataclasses.html#dataclasses.dataclass" title="dataclasses.dataclass"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dataclass</span></code></a>, can be used, they will have a
|
||
quadratic performance impact during creation relative to the
|
||
total number of mutable/unhashable values in the enum.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py attribute">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.Enum._name_">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">_name_</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.Enum._name_" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Name of the member.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py attribute">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.Enum._value_">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">_value_</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.Enum._value_" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Value of the member, can be set in <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.Enum.__new__" title="enum.Enum.__new__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__new__()</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py attribute">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.Enum._order_">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">_order_</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.Enum._order_" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>No longer used, kept for backward compatibility.
|
||
(class attribute, removed during class creation).</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py attribute">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.Enum._ignore_">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">_ignore_</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.Enum._ignore_" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_ignore_</span></code> is only used during creation and is removed from the
|
||
enumeration once creation is complete.</p>
|
||
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_ignore_</span></code> is a list of names that will not become members, and whose
|
||
names will also be removed from the completed enumeration. See
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="../howto/enum.html#enum-time-period"><span class="std std-ref">TimePeriod</span></a> for an example.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py method">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.Enum.__dir__">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__dir__</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">self</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.Enum.__dir__" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">['__class__',</span> <span class="pre">'__doc__',</span> <span class="pre">'__module__',</span> <span class="pre">'name',</span> <span class="pre">'value']</span></code> and
|
||
any public methods defined on <em>self.__class__</em>:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">datetime</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">date</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Weekday</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Enum</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">MONDAY</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">TUESDAY</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">WEDNESDAY</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">THURSDAY</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">4</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">FRIDAY</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">5</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">SATURDAY</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">6</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">SUNDAY</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">7</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="nd">@classmethod</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">today</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">cls</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'today is </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s1">'</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="bp">cls</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">date</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">today</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isoweekday</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">...</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">dir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Weekday</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SATURDAY</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="go">['__class__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__hash__', '__module__', 'name', 'today', 'value']</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py method">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.Enum._generate_next_value_">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">_generate_next_value_</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">start</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">count</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">last_values</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.Enum._generate_next_value_" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><blockquote>
|
||
<div><dl class="field-list simple">
|
||
<dt class="field-odd">name<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
|
||
<dd class="field-odd"><p>The name of the member being defined (e.g. ‘RED’).</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
<dt class="field-even">start<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
|
||
<dd class="field-even"><p>The start value for the Enum; the default is 1.</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
<dt class="field-odd">count<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
|
||
<dd class="field-odd"><p>The number of members currently defined, not including this one.</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
<dt class="field-even">last_values<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
|
||
<dd class="field-even"><p>A list of the previous values.</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl>
|
||
</div></blockquote>
|
||
<p>A <em>staticmethod</em> that is used to determine the next value returned by
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#enum.auto" title="enum.auto"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">auto</span></code></a>:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">enum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">auto</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">PowersOfThree</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Enum</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="nd">@staticmethod</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">_generate_next_value_</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">start</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">count</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">last_values</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="o">**</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">count</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">FIRST</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">auto</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">SECOND</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">auto</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">...</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">PowersOfThree</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SECOND</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">value</span>
|
||
<span class="go">9</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py method">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.Enum.__init__">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__init__</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">self</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">args</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">**</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">kwds</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.Enum.__init__" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>By default, does nothing. If multiple values are given in the member
|
||
assignment, those values become separate arguments to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__init__</span></code>; e.g.</p>
|
||
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">enum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Enum</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Weekday</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Enum</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">MONDAY</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'Mon'</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Weekday.__init__()</span></code> would be called as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Weekday.__init__(self,</span> <span class="pre">1,</span> <span class="pre">'Mon')</span></code></p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py method">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.Enum.__init_subclass__">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__init_subclass__</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">cls</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">**</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">kwds</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.Enum.__init_subclass__" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>A <em>classmethod</em> that is used to further configure subsequent subclasses.
|
||
By default, does nothing.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py method">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.Enum._missing_">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">_missing_</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">cls</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.Enum._missing_" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>A <em>classmethod</em> for looking up values not found in <em>cls</em>. By default it
|
||
does nothing, but can be overridden to implement custom search behavior:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">enum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">StrEnum</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Build</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">StrEnum</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">DEBUG</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">auto</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">OPTIMIZED</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">auto</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="nd">@classmethod</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">_missing_</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">cls</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">value</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lower</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">member</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">cls</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">member</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">value</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">member</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">...</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">Build</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DEBUG</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">value</span>
|
||
<span class="go">'debug'</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">Build</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'deBUG'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="go"><Build.DEBUG: 'debug'></span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py method">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.Enum.__new__">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__new__</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">cls</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">args</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">**</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">kwds</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.Enum.__new__" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>By default, doesn’t exist. If specified, either in the enum class
|
||
definition or in a mixin class (such as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code>), all values given
|
||
in the member assignment will be passed; e.g.</p>
|
||
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">enum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Enum</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">MyIntEnum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Enum</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">TWENTYSIX</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'1a'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">16</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>results in the call <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int('1a',</span> <span class="pre">16)</span></code> and a value of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">26</span></code> for the member.</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>When writing a custom <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__new__</span></code>, do not use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">super().__new__</span></code> –
|
||
call the appropriate <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__new__</span></code> instead.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py method">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.Enum.__repr__">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__repr__</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">self</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.Enum.__repr__" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Returns the string used for <em>repr()</em> calls. By default, returns the
|
||
<em>Enum</em> name, member name, and value, but can be overridden:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">OtherStyle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Enum</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">ALTERNATE</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">auto</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">OTHER</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">auto</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">SOMETHING_ELSE</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">auto</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">__repr__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">cls_name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__class__</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__name__</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="sa">f</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">cls_name</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s1">.</span><span class="si">{</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s1">'</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">...</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">OtherStyle</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ALTERNATE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">OtherStyle</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ALTERNATE</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">OtherStyle</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ALTERNATE</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span>
|
||
<span class="go">(OtherStyle.ALTERNATE, 'OtherStyle.ALTERNATE', 'OtherStyle.ALTERNATE')</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py method">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.Enum.__str__">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__str__</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">self</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.Enum.__str__" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Returns the string used for <em>str()</em> calls. By default, returns the
|
||
<em>Enum</em> name and member name, but can be overridden:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">OtherStyle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Enum</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">ALTERNATE</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">auto</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">OTHER</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">auto</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">SOMETHING_ELSE</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">auto</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">__str__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="sa">f</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="si">{</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s1">'</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">...</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">OtherStyle</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ALTERNATE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">OtherStyle</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ALTERNATE</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">OtherStyle</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ALTERNATE</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span>
|
||
<span class="go">(<OtherStyle.ALTERNATE: 1>, 'ALTERNATE', 'ALTERNATE')</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py method">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.Enum.__format__">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__format__</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">self</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.Enum.__format__" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Returns the string used for <em>format()</em> and <em>f-string</em> calls. By default,
|
||
returns <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.Enum.__str__" title="enum.Enum.__str__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__str__()</span></code></a> return value, but can be overridden:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">OtherStyle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Enum</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">ALTERNATE</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">auto</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">OTHER</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">auto</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">SOMETHING_ELSE</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">auto</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">__format__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">spec</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="sa">f</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="si">{</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s1">'</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">...</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">OtherStyle</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ALTERNATE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">OtherStyle</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ALTERNATE</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">OtherStyle</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ALTERNATE</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span>
|
||
<span class="go">(<OtherStyle.ALTERNATE: 1>, 'OtherStyle.ALTERNATE', 'ALTERNATE')</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>Using <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.auto" title="enum.auto"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">auto</span></code></a> with <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.Enum" title="enum.Enum"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Enum</span></code></a> results in integers of increasing value,
|
||
starting with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.12: </span>Added <a class="reference internal" href="../howto/enum.html#enum-dataclass-support"><span class="std std-ref">Dataclass support</span></a></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py class">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.IntEnum">
|
||
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">class</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">enum.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">IntEnum</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.IntEnum" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p><em>IntEnum</em> is the same as <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.Enum" title="enum.Enum"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Enum</span></code></a>, but its members are also integers and can be
|
||
used anywhere that an integer can be used. If any integer operation is performed
|
||
with an <em>IntEnum</em> member, the resulting value loses its enumeration status.</p>
|
||
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">enum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">IntEnum</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Number</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">IntEnum</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">ONE</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">TWO</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">THREE</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">...</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">Number</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">THREE</span>
|
||
<span class="go"><Number.THREE: 3></span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">Number</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ONE</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">Number</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">TWO</span>
|
||
<span class="go">3</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">Number</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">THREE</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">5</span>
|
||
<span class="go">8</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">Number</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">THREE</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
|
||
<span class="go">True</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>Using <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.auto" title="enum.auto"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">auto</span></code></a> with <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.IntEnum" title="enum.IntEnum"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IntEnum</span></code></a> results in integers of increasing
|
||
value, starting with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.11: </span><a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__str__" title="object.__str__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__str__()</span></code></a> is now <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int.__str__()</span></code> to
|
||
better support the <em>replacement of existing constants</em> use-case.
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__format__" title="object.__format__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__format__()</span></code></a> was already <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int.__format__()</span></code> for that same reason.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py class">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.StrEnum">
|
||
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">class</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">enum.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">StrEnum</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.StrEnum" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">StrEnum</span></code> is the same as <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.Enum" title="enum.Enum"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Enum</span></code></a>, but its members are also strings and can be used
|
||
in most of the same places that a string can be used. The result of any string
|
||
operation performed on or with a <em>StrEnum</em> member is not part of the enumeration.</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>There are places in the stdlib that check for an exact <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a>
|
||
instead of a <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a> subclass (i.e. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">type(unknown)</span> <span class="pre">==</span> <span class="pre">str</span></code>
|
||
instead of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">isinstance(unknown,</span> <span class="pre">str)</span></code>), and in those locations you
|
||
will need to use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str(StrEnum.member)</span></code>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>Using <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.auto" title="enum.auto"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">auto</span></code></a> with <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.StrEnum" title="enum.StrEnum"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">StrEnum</span></code></a> results in the lower-cased member
|
||
name as the value.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__str__" title="object.__str__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__str__()</span></code></a> is <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str.__str__()</span></code> to better support the
|
||
<em>replacement of existing constants</em> use-case. <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__format__" title="object.__format__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__format__()</span></code></a> is likewise
|
||
<code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str.__format__()</span></code> for that same reason.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.11.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py class">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.Flag">
|
||
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">class</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">enum.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Flag</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.Flag" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Flag</span></code> is the same as <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.Enum" title="enum.Enum"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Enum</span></code></a>, but its members support the bitwise
|
||
operators <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&</span></code> (<em>AND</em>), <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">|</span></code> (<em>OR</em>), <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">^</span></code> (<em>XOR</em>), and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~</span></code> (<em>INVERT</em>);
|
||
the results of those operations are (aliases of) members of the enumeration.</p>
|
||
<dl class="py method">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.Flag.__contains__">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__contains__</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">self</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.Flag.__contains__" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Returns <em>True</em> if value is in self:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">enum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Flag</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">auto</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Color</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Flag</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">RED</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">auto</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">GREEN</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">auto</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">BLUE</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">auto</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">...</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">purple</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Color</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">RED</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Color</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">BLUE</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">white</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Color</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">RED</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Color</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GREEN</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Color</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">BLUE</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">Color</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GREEN</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">purple</span>
|
||
<span class="go">False</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">Color</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GREEN</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">white</span>
|
||
<span class="go">True</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">purple</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">white</span>
|
||
<span class="go">True</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">white</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">purple</span>
|
||
<span class="go">False</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py method">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__iter__(self):</span></span></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Returns all contained non-alias members:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Color</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">RED</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="go">[<Color.RED: 1>]</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">purple</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="go">[<Color.RED: 1>, <Color.BLUE: 4>]</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.11.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py method">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__len__(self):</span></span></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Returns number of members in flag:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Color</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GREEN</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="go">1</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">white</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="go">3</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.11.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py method">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__bool__(self):</span></span></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Returns <em>True</em> if any members in flag, <em>False</em> otherwise:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">bool</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Color</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GREEN</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="go">True</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">bool</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">white</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="go">True</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">black</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Color</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">bool</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">black</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="go">False</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py method">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.Flag.__or__">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__or__</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">self</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">other</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.Flag.__or__" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Returns current flag binary or’ed with other:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">Color</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">RED</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Color</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GREEN</span>
|
||
<span class="go"><Color.RED|GREEN: 3></span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py method">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.Flag.__and__">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__and__</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">self</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">other</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.Flag.__and__" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Returns current flag binary and’ed with other:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">purple</span> <span class="o">&</span> <span class="n">white</span>
|
||
<span class="go"><Color.RED|BLUE: 5></span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">purple</span> <span class="o">&</span> <span class="n">Color</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GREEN</span>
|
||
<span class="go"><Color: 0></span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py method">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.Flag.__xor__">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__xor__</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">self</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">other</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.Flag.__xor__" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Returns current flag binary xor’ed with other:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">purple</span> <span class="o">^</span> <span class="n">white</span>
|
||
<span class="go"><Color.GREEN: 2></span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">purple</span> <span class="o">^</span> <span class="n">Color</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GREEN</span>
|
||
<span class="go"><Color.RED|GREEN|BLUE: 7></span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py method">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__invert__(self):</span></span></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Returns all the flags in <em>type(self)</em> that are not in <em>self</em>:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="o">~</span><span class="n">white</span>
|
||
<span class="go"><Color: 0></span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="o">~</span><span class="n">purple</span>
|
||
<span class="go"><Color.GREEN: 2></span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="o">~</span><span class="n">Color</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">RED</span>
|
||
<span class="go"><Color.GREEN|BLUE: 6></span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py method">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.Flag._numeric_repr_">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">_numeric_repr_</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.Flag._numeric_repr_" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Function used to format any remaining unnamed numeric values. Default is
|
||
the value’s repr; common choices are <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#hex" title="hex"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hex()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#oct" title="oct"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">oct()</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>Using <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.auto" title="enum.auto"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">auto</span></code></a> with <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.Flag" title="enum.Flag"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Flag</span></code></a> results in integers that are powers
|
||
of two, starting with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.11: </span>The <em>repr()</em> of zero-valued flags has changed. It
|
||
is now::</p>
|
||
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">Color</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="go"><Color: 0></span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py class">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.IntFlag">
|
||
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">class</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">enum.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">IntFlag</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.IntFlag" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IntFlag</span></code> is the same as <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.Flag" title="enum.Flag"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Flag</span></code></a>, but its members are also integers and can be
|
||
used anywhere that an integer can be used.</p>
|
||
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">enum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">IntFlag</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">auto</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Color</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">IntFlag</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">RED</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">auto</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">GREEN</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">auto</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">BLUE</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">auto</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">...</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">Color</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">RED</span> <span class="o">&</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
|
||
<span class="go"><Color: 0></span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">Color</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">RED</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
|
||
<span class="go"><Color.RED|GREEN: 3></span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>If any integer operation is performed with an <em>IntFlag</em> member, the result is
|
||
not an <em>IntFlag</em>:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">Color</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">RED</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
|
||
<span class="go">3</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>If a <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.Flag" title="enum.Flag"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Flag</span></code></a> operation is performed with an <em>IntFlag</em> member and:</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p>the result is a valid <em>IntFlag</em>: an <em>IntFlag</em> is returned</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>the result is not a valid <em>IntFlag</em>: the result depends on the <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.FlagBoundary" title="enum.FlagBoundary"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FlagBoundary</span></code></a> setting</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#repr" title="repr"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">repr()</span></code></a> of unnamed zero-valued flags has changed. It is now:</p>
|
||
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">Color</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="go"><Color: 0></span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>Using <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.auto" title="enum.auto"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">auto</span></code></a> with <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.IntFlag" title="enum.IntFlag"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IntFlag</span></code></a> results in integers that are powers
|
||
of two, starting with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.11: </span><a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__str__" title="object.__str__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__str__()</span></code></a> is now <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int.__str__()</span></code> to better support the
|
||
<em>replacement of existing constants</em> use-case. <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__format__" title="object.__format__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__format__()</span></code></a> was
|
||
already <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int.__format__()</span></code> for that same reason.</p>
|
||
<p>Inversion of an <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IntFlag</span></code> now returns a positive value that is the
|
||
union of all flags not in the given flag, rather than a negative value.
|
||
This matches the existing <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.Flag" title="enum.Flag"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Flag</span></code></a> behavior.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py class">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.ReprEnum">
|
||
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">class</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">enum.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ReprEnum</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.ReprEnum" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ReprEnum</span></code> uses the <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.Enum.__repr__" title="enum.Enum.__repr__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">repr()</span></code></a> of <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.Enum" title="enum.Enum"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Enum</span></code></a>,
|
||
but the <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str()</span></code></a> of the mixed-in data type:</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int.__str__()</span></code> for <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.IntEnum" title="enum.IntEnum"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IntEnum</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.IntFlag" title="enum.IntFlag"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IntFlag</span></code></a></p></li>
|
||
<li><p><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str.__str__()</span></code> for <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.StrEnum" title="enum.StrEnum"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">StrEnum</span></code></a></p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>Inherit from <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ReprEnum</span></code> to keep the <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str()</span></code></a> / <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#format" title="format"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">format()</span></code></a>
|
||
of the mixed-in data type instead of using the
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#enum.Enum" title="enum.Enum"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Enum</span></code></a>-default <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.Enum.__str__" title="enum.Enum.__str__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str()</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.11.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py class">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.EnumCheck">
|
||
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">class</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">enum.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">EnumCheck</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.EnumCheck" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p><em>EnumCheck</em> contains the options used by the <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.verify" title="enum.verify"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">verify()</span></code></a> decorator to ensure
|
||
various constraints; failed constraints result in a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
<dl class="py attribute">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.EnumCheck.UNIQUE">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">UNIQUE</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.EnumCheck.UNIQUE" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Ensure that each value has only one name:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">enum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Enum</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">verify</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">UNIQUE</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nd">@verify</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">UNIQUE</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Color</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Enum</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">RED</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">GREEN</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">BLUE</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">CRIMSON</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<span class="gt">Traceback (most recent call last):</span>
|
||
<span class="c">...</span>
|
||
<span class="gr">ValueError</span>: <span class="n">aliases found in <enum 'Color'>: CRIMSON -> RED</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py attribute">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.EnumCheck.CONTINUOUS">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">CONTINUOUS</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.EnumCheck.CONTINUOUS" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Ensure that there are no missing values between the lowest-valued member
|
||
and the highest-valued member:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">enum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Enum</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">verify</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">CONTINUOUS</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nd">@verify</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">CONTINUOUS</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Color</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Enum</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">RED</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">GREEN</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">BLUE</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">5</span>
|
||
<span class="gt">Traceback (most recent call last):</span>
|
||
<span class="c">...</span>
|
||
<span class="gr">ValueError</span>: <span class="n">invalid enum 'Color': missing values 3, 4</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py attribute">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.EnumCheck.NAMED_FLAGS">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">NAMED_FLAGS</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.EnumCheck.NAMED_FLAGS" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Ensure that any flag groups/masks contain only named flags – useful when
|
||
values are specified instead of being generated by <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.auto" title="enum.auto"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">auto()</span></code></a>:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">enum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Flag</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">verify</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">NAMED_FLAGS</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nd">@verify</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">NAMED_FLAGS</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Color</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Flag</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">RED</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">GREEN</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">BLUE</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">4</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">WHITE</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">15</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">NEON</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">31</span>
|
||
<span class="gt">Traceback (most recent call last):</span>
|
||
<span class="c">...</span>
|
||
<span class="gr">ValueError</span>: <span class="n">invalid Flag 'Color': aliases WHITE and NEON are missing combined values of 0x18 [use enum.show_flag_values(value) for details]</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>CONTINUOUS and NAMED_FLAGS are designed to work with integer-valued members.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.11.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py class">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.FlagBoundary">
|
||
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">class</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">enum.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">FlagBoundary</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.FlagBoundary" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FlagBoundary</span></code> controls how out-of-range values are handled in <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.Flag" title="enum.Flag"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Flag</span></code></a> and its
|
||
subclasses.</p>
|
||
<dl class="py attribute">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.FlagBoundary.STRICT">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">STRICT</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.FlagBoundary.STRICT" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Out-of-range values cause a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> to be raised. This is the
|
||
default for <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.Flag" title="enum.Flag"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Flag</span></code></a>:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">enum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Flag</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">STRICT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">auto</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">StrictFlag</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Flag</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">boundary</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">STRICT</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">RED</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">auto</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">GREEN</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">auto</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">BLUE</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">auto</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">...</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">StrictFlag</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="gt">Traceback (most recent call last):</span>
|
||
<span class="c">...</span>
|
||
<span class="gr">ValueError</span>: <span class="n"><flag 'StrictFlag'> invalid value 20</span>
|
||
<span class="x"> given 0b0 10100</span>
|
||
<span class="x"> allowed 0b0 00111</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py attribute">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.FlagBoundary.CONFORM">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">CONFORM</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.FlagBoundary.CONFORM" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Out-of-range values have invalid values removed, leaving a valid <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.Flag" title="enum.Flag"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Flag</span></code></a>
|
||
value:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">enum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Flag</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">CONFORM</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">auto</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ConformFlag</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Flag</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">boundary</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">CONFORM</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">RED</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">auto</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">GREEN</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">auto</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">BLUE</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">auto</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">...</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">ConformFlag</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="go"><ConformFlag.BLUE: 4></span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py attribute">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.FlagBoundary.EJECT">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">EJECT</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.FlagBoundary.EJECT" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Out-of-range values lose their <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.Flag" title="enum.Flag"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Flag</span></code></a> membership and revert to <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#int" title="int"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">enum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Flag</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">EJECT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">auto</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">EjectFlag</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Flag</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">boundary</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">EJECT</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">RED</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">auto</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">GREEN</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">auto</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">BLUE</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">auto</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">...</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">EjectFlag</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="go">20</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py attribute">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.FlagBoundary.KEEP">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">KEEP</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.FlagBoundary.KEEP" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Out-of-range values are kept, and the <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.Flag" title="enum.Flag"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Flag</span></code></a> membership is kept.
|
||
This is the default for <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.IntFlag" title="enum.IntFlag"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IntFlag</span></code></a>:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">enum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Flag</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">KEEP</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">auto</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">KeepFlag</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Flag</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">boundary</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">KEEP</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">RED</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">auto</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">GREEN</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">auto</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">BLUE</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">auto</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">...</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">KeepFlag</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="go"><KeepFlag.BLUE|16: 20></span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.11.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py class">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.EnumDict">
|
||
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">class</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">enum.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">EnumDict</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.EnumDict" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p><em>EnumDict</em> is a subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#dict" title="dict"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dict</span></code></a> that is used as the namespace
|
||
for defining enum classes (see <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#prepare"><span class="std std-ref">Preparing the class namespace</span></a>).
|
||
It is exposed to allow subclasses of <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.EnumType" title="enum.EnumType"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EnumType</span></code></a> with advanced
|
||
behavior like having multiple values per member.
|
||
It should be called with the name of the enum class being created, otherwise
|
||
private names and internal classes will not be handled correctly.</p>
|
||
<p>Note that only the <a class="reference internal" href="collections.abc.html#collections.abc.MutableMapping" title="collections.abc.MutableMapping"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MutableMapping</span></code></a> interface
|
||
(<a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__setitem__" title="object.__setitem__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__setitem__()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#dict.update" title="dict.update"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">update()</span></code></a>) is overridden.
|
||
It may be possible to bypass the checks using other <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dict</span></code>
|
||
operations like <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__ior__" title="object.__ior__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">|=</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
<dl class="py attribute">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.EnumDict.member_names">
|
||
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">member_names</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.EnumDict.member_names" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>A list of member names.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.13.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<hr class="docutils" />
|
||
<section id="supported-dunder-names">
|
||
<h3>Supported <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__dunder__</span></code> names<a class="headerlink" href="#supported-dunder-names" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#enum.EnumType.__members__" title="enum.EnumType.__members__"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__members__</span></code></a> is a read-only ordered mapping of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">member_name</span></code>:<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">member</span></code>
|
||
items. It is only available on the class.</p>
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#enum.Enum.__new__" title="enum.Enum.__new__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__new__()</span></code></a>, if specified, must create and return the enum members;
|
||
it is also a very good idea to set the member’s <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_value_</span></code> appropriately.
|
||
Once all the members are created it is no longer used.</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="supported-sunder-names">
|
||
<h3>Supported <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_sunder_</span></code> names<a class="headerlink" href="#supported-sunder-names" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#enum.EnumType._add_alias_" title="enum.EnumType._add_alias_"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_add_alias_()</span></code></a> – adds a new name as an alias to an existing
|
||
member.</p></li>
|
||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#enum.EnumType._add_value_alias_" title="enum.EnumType._add_value_alias_"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_add_value_alias_()</span></code></a> – adds a new value as an alias to an
|
||
existing member.</p></li>
|
||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#enum.Enum._name_" title="enum.Enum._name_"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_name_</span></code></a> – name of the member</p></li>
|
||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#enum.Enum._value_" title="enum.Enum._value_"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_value_</span></code></a> – value of the member; can be set in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__new__</span></code></p></li>
|
||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#enum.Enum._missing_" title="enum.Enum._missing_"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_missing_()</span></code></a> – a lookup function used when a value is not found;
|
||
may be overridden</p></li>
|
||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#enum.Enum._ignore_" title="enum.Enum._ignore_"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_ignore_</span></code></a> – a list of names, either as a <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#list" title="list"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list</span></code></a> or a
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a>, that will not be transformed into members, and will be removed
|
||
from the final class</p></li>
|
||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#enum.Enum._order_" title="enum.Enum._order_"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_order_</span></code></a> – no longer used, kept for backward
|
||
compatibility (class attribute, removed during class creation)</p></li>
|
||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#enum.Enum._generate_next_value_" title="enum.Enum._generate_next_value_"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_generate_next_value_()</span></code></a> – used to get an appropriate value for
|
||
an enum member; may be overridden</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>For standard <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.Enum" title="enum.Enum"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Enum</span></code></a> classes the next value chosen is the highest
|
||
value seen incremented by one.</p>
|
||
<p>For <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.Flag" title="enum.Flag"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Flag</span></code></a> classes the next value chosen will be the next highest
|
||
power-of-two.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><p>While <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_sunder_</span></code> names are generally reserved for the further development
|
||
of the <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.Enum" title="enum.Enum"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Enum</span></code></a> class and can not be used, some are explicitly allowed:</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_repr_*</span></code> (e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_repr_html_</span></code>), as used in <a class="reference external" href="https://ipython.readthedocs.io/en/stable/config/integrating.html#rich-display">IPython’s rich display</a></p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.6: </span><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_missing_</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_order_</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_generate_next_value_</span></code></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.7: </span><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_ignore_</span></code></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.13: </span><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_add_alias_</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_add_value_alias_</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_repr_*</span></code></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<hr class="docutils" />
|
||
<section id="utilities-and-decorators">
|
||
<h2>Utilities and Decorators<a class="headerlink" href="#utilities-and-decorators" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<dl class="py class">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.auto">
|
||
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">class</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">enum.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">auto</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.auto" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p><em>auto</em> can be used in place of a value. If used, the <em>Enum</em> machinery will
|
||
call an <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.Enum" title="enum.Enum"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Enum</span></code></a>’s <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.Enum._generate_next_value_" title="enum.Enum._generate_next_value_"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_generate_next_value_()</span></code></a> to get an appropriate value.
|
||
For <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.Enum" title="enum.Enum"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Enum</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.IntEnum" title="enum.IntEnum"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IntEnum</span></code></a> that appropriate value will be the last value plus
|
||
one; for <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.Flag" title="enum.Flag"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Flag</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.IntFlag" title="enum.IntFlag"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IntFlag</span></code></a> it will be the first power-of-two greater
|
||
than the highest value; for <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.StrEnum" title="enum.StrEnum"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">StrEnum</span></code></a> it will be the lower-cased version of
|
||
the member’s name. Care must be taken if mixing <em>auto()</em> with manually
|
||
specified values.</p>
|
||
<p><em>auto</em> instances are only resolved when at the top level of an assignment:</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FIRST</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">auto()</span></code> will work (auto() is replaced with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code>);</p></li>
|
||
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SECOND</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">auto(),</span> <span class="pre">-2</span></code> will work (auto is replaced with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2</span></code>, so <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2,</span> <span class="pre">-2</span></code> is
|
||
used to create the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SECOND</span></code> enum member;</p></li>
|
||
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">THREE</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">[auto(),</span> <span class="pre">-3]</span></code> will <em>not</em> work (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre"><auto</span> <span class="pre">instance>,</span> <span class="pre">-3</span></code> is used to
|
||
create the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">THREE</span></code> enum member)</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.11.1: </span>In prior versions, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">auto()</span></code> had to be the only thing
|
||
on the assignment line to work properly.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_generate_next_value_</span></code> can be overridden to customize the values used by
|
||
<em>auto</em>.</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>in 3.13 the default <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_generate_next_value_</span></code> will always return
|
||
the highest member value incremented by 1, and will fail if any
|
||
member is an incompatible type.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.property">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">@</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">enum.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">property</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.property" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>A decorator similar to the built-in <em>property</em>, but specifically for
|
||
enumerations. It allows member attributes to have the same names as members
|
||
themselves.</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>the <em>property</em> and the member must be defined in separate classes;
|
||
for example, the <em>value</em> and <em>name</em> attributes are defined in the
|
||
<em>Enum</em> class, and <em>Enum</em> subclasses can define members with the
|
||
names <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">value</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">name</span></code>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.11.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.unique">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">@</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">enum.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">unique</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.unique" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>A <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#class"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">class</span></code></a> decorator specifically for enumerations. It searches an
|
||
enumeration’s <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.EnumType.__members__" title="enum.EnumType.__members__"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__members__</span></code></a>, gathering any aliases it finds; if any are
|
||
found <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> is raised with the details:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">enum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Enum</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">unique</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nd">@unique</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Mistake</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Enum</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">ONE</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">TWO</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">THREE</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">FOUR</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">...</span>
|
||
<span class="gt">Traceback (most recent call last):</span>
|
||
<span class="c">...</span>
|
||
<span class="gr">ValueError</span>: <span class="n">duplicate values found in <enum 'Mistake'>: FOUR -> THREE</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.verify">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">@</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">enum.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">verify</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.verify" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>A <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#class"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">class</span></code></a> decorator specifically for enumerations. Members from
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#enum.EnumCheck" title="enum.EnumCheck"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EnumCheck</span></code></a> are used to specify which constraints should be checked
|
||
on the decorated enumeration.</p>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.11.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.member">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">@</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">enum.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">member</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.member" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>A decorator for use in enums: its target will become a member.</p>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.11.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.nonmember">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">@</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">enum.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">nonmember</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.nonmember" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>A decorator for use in enums: its target will not become a member.</p>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.11.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.global_enum">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">@</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">enum.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">global_enum</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.global_enum" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>A decorator to change the <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#repr" title="repr"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">repr()</span></code></a> of an enum
|
||
to show its members as belonging to the module instead of its class.
|
||
Should only be used when the enum members are exported
|
||
to the module global namespace (see <a class="reference internal" href="re.html#re.RegexFlag" title="re.RegexFlag"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">re.RegexFlag</span></code></a> for an example).</p>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.11.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="enum.show_flag_values">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">enum.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">show_flag_values</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#enum.show_flag_values" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Return a list of all power-of-two integers contained in a flag <em>value</em>.</p>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.11.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
<hr class="docutils" />
|
||
<section id="notes">
|
||
<h2>Notes<a class="headerlink" href="#notes" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#enum.IntEnum" title="enum.IntEnum"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IntEnum</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.StrEnum" title="enum.StrEnum"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">StrEnum</span></code></a>, and <a class="reference internal" href="#enum.IntFlag" title="enum.IntFlag"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IntFlag</span></code></a></p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<div><p>These three enum types are designed to be drop-in replacements for existing
|
||
integer- and string-based values; as such, they have extra limitations:</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__str__</span></code> uses the value and not the name of the enum member</p></li>
|
||
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__format__</span></code>, because it uses <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__str__</span></code>, will also use the value of
|
||
the enum member instead of its name</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>If you do not need/want those limitations, you can either create your own
|
||
base class by mixing in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code> type yourself:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">enum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Enum</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">MyIntEnum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Enum</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="k">pass</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>or you can reassign the appropriate <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str()</span></code></a>, etc., in your enum:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">enum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Enum</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">IntEnum</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">MyIntEnum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">IntEnum</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="fm">__str__</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Enum</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__str__</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div></blockquote>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="clearer"></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="Main">
|
||
<div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<h3><a href="../contents.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">enum</span></code> — Support for enumerations</a><ul>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#module-contents">Module Contents</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#data-types">Data Types</a><ul>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#supported-dunder-names">Supported <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__dunder__</span></code> names</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#supported-sunder-names">Supported <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_sunder_</span></code> names</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#utilities-and-decorators">Utilities and Decorators</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#notes">Notes</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
<h4>Previous topic</h4>
|
||
<p class="topless"><a href="reprlib.html"
|
||
title="previous chapter"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">reprlib</span></code> — Alternate <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">repr()</span></code> implementation</a></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
<h4>Next topic</h4>
|
||
<p class="topless"><a href="graphlib.html"
|
||
title="next chapter"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">graphlib</span></code> — Functionality to operate with graph-like structures</a></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div role="note" aria-label="source link">
|
||
<h3>This Page</h3>
|
||
<ul class="this-page-menu">
|
||
<li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a Bug</a></li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Doc/library/enum.rst"
|
||
rel="nofollow">Show Source
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="sidebarbutton" title="Collapse sidebar">
|
||
<span>«</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="clearer"></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="Related">
|
||
<h3>Navigation</h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
|
||
<a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index"
|
||
>index</a></li>
|
||
<li class="right" >
|
||
<a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
|
||
>modules</a> |</li>
|
||
<li class="right" >
|
||
<a href="graphlib.html" title="graphlib — Functionality to operate with graph-like structures"
|
||
>next</a> |</li>
|
||
<li class="right" >
|
||
<a href="reprlib.html" title="reprlib — Alternate repr() implementation"
|
||
>previous</a> |</li>
|
||
|
||
<li><img src="../_static/py.svg" alt="Python logo" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li>
|
||
<li class="switchers">
|
||
<div class="language_switcher_placeholder"></div>
|
||
<div class="version_switcher_placeholder"></div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="cpython-language-and-version">
|
||
<a href="../index.html">3.13.3 Documentation</a> »
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="datatypes.html" >Data Types</a> »</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href=""><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">enum</span></code> — Support for enumerations</a></li>
|
||
<li class="right">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="inline-search" role="search">
|
||
<form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get">
|
||
<input placeholder="Quick search" aria-label="Quick search" type="search" name="q" id="search-box" />
|
||
<input type="submit" value="Go" />
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="right">
|
||
<label class="theme-selector-label">
|
||
Theme
|
||
<select class="theme-selector" oninput="activateTheme(this.value)">
|
||
<option value="auto" selected>Auto</option>
|
||
<option value="light">Light</option>
|
||
<option value="dark">Dark</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</label> |</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="footer">
|
||
©
|
||
<a href="../copyright.html">
|
||
|
||
Copyright
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
2001-2025, Python Software Foundation.
|
||
<br />
|
||
This page is licensed under the Python Software Foundation License Version 2.
|
||
<br />
|
||
Examples, recipes, and other code in the documentation are additionally licensed under the Zero Clause BSD License.
|
||
<br />
|
||
|
||
See <a href="/license.html">History and License</a> for more information.<br />
|
||
|
||
|
||
<br />
|
||
|
||
The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation.
|
||
<a href="https://www.python.org/psf/donations/">Please donate.</a>
|
||
<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
Last updated on Apr 08, 2025 (14:33 UTC).
|
||
|
||
<a href="/bugs.html">Found a bug</a>?
|
||
|
||
<br />
|
||
|
||
Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 8.2.3.
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</body>
|
||
</html> |