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<section id="concurrent-execution">
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<span id="concurrency"></span><h1>Concurrent Execution<a class="headerlink" href="#concurrent-execution" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
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<p>The modules described in this chapter provide support for concurrent
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execution of code. The appropriate choice of tool will depend on the
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task to be executed (CPU bound vs IO bound) and preferred style of
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development (event driven cooperative multitasking vs preemptive
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multitasking). Here’s an overview:</p>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="threading.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">threading</span></code> — Thread-based parallelism</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="threading.html#thread-local-data">Thread-Local Data</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="threading.html#thread-objects">Thread Objects</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="threading.html#lock-objects">Lock Objects</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="threading.html#rlock-objects">RLock Objects</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="threading.html#condition-objects">Condition Objects</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="threading.html#semaphore-objects">Semaphore Objects</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="threading.html#semaphore-example"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Semaphore</span></code> Example</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="threading.html#barrier-objects">Barrier Objects</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="threading.html#using-locks-conditions-and-semaphores-in-the-with-statement">Using locks, conditions, and semaphores in the <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with</span></code> statement</a></li>
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</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="multiprocessing.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">multiprocessing</span></code> — Process-based parallelism</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="multiprocessing.html#introduction">Introduction</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="multiprocessing.html#the-process-class">The <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Process</span></code> class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="multiprocessing.html#contexts-and-start-methods">Contexts and start methods</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="multiprocessing.html#exchanging-objects-between-processes">Exchanging objects between processes</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="multiprocessing.html#synchronization-between-processes">Synchronization between processes</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="multiprocessing.html#sharing-state-between-processes">Sharing state between processes</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="multiprocessing.html#using-a-pool-of-workers">Using a pool of workers</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="multiprocessing.html#reference">Reference</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="multiprocessing.html#process-and-exceptions"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Process</span></code> and exceptions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="multiprocessing.html#pipes-and-queues">Pipes and Queues</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="multiprocessing.html#miscellaneous">Miscellaneous</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="multiprocessing.html#connection-objects">Connection Objects</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="multiprocessing.html#synchronization-primitives">Synchronization primitives</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="multiprocessing.html#module-multiprocessing.sharedctypes">The <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">multiprocessing.sharedctypes</span></code> module</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="multiprocessing.html#using-a-remote-manager">Using a remote manager</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="multiprocessing.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="multiprocessing.html#cleanup">Cleanup</a></li>
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</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="multiprocessing.html#module-multiprocessing.pool">Process Pools</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="multiprocessing.html#address-formats">Address Formats</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="multiprocessing.html#logging">Logging</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="multiprocessing.html#module-multiprocessing.dummy">The <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">multiprocessing.dummy</span></code> module</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="multiprocessing.html#programming-guidelines">Programming guidelines</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="multiprocessing.html#all-start-methods">All start methods</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="multiprocessing.html#the-spawn-and-forkserver-start-methods">The <em>spawn</em> and <em>forkserver</em> start methods</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="multiprocessing.html#examples">Examples</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="multiprocessing.shared_memory.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">multiprocessing.shared_memory</span></code> — Shared memory for direct access across processes</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="concurrent.html">The <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">concurrent</span></code> package</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="concurrent.futures.html#threadpoolexecutor-example">ThreadPoolExecutor Example</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="concurrent.futures.html#processpoolexecutor">ProcessPoolExecutor</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="concurrent.futures.html#processpoolexecutor-example">ProcessPoolExecutor Example</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="subprocess.html#using-the-subprocess-module">Using the <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">subprocess</span></code> Module</a><ul>
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