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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">base64</span></code> — Base16, Base32, Base64, Base85 Data Encodings</a><ul>
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<section id="module-base64">
<span id="base64-base16-base32-base64-base85-data-encodings"></span><h1><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">base64</span></code> — Base16, Base32, Base64, Base85 Data Encodings<a class="headerlink" href="#module-base64" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
<p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="extlink-source reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.13/Lib/base64.py">Lib/base64.py</a></p>
<hr class="docutils" id="index-0" />
<p>This module provides functions for encoding binary data to printable
ASCII characters and decoding such encodings back to binary data.
It provides encoding and decoding functions for the encodings specified in
<span class="target" id="index-1"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4648.html"><strong>RFC 4648</strong></a>, which defines the Base16, Base32, and Base64 algorithms,
and for the de-facto standard Ascii85 and Base85 encodings.</p>
<p>The <span class="target" id="index-2"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4648.html"><strong>RFC 4648</strong></a> encodings are suitable for encoding binary data so that it can be
safely sent by email, used as parts of URLs, or included as part of an HTTP
POST request. The encoding algorithm is not the same as the
<strong class="program">uuencode</strong> program.</p>
<p>There are two interfaces provided by this module. The modern interface
supports encoding <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like objects</span></a> to ASCII
<a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a>, and decoding <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like objects</span></a> or
strings containing ASCII to <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a>. Both base-64 alphabets
defined in <span class="target" id="index-3"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4648.html"><strong>RFC 4648</strong></a> (normal, and URL- and filesystem-safe) are supported.</p>
<p>The legacy interface does not support decoding from strings, but it does
provide functions for encoding and decoding to and from <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-file-object"><span class="xref std std-term">file objects</span></a>. It only supports the Base64 standard alphabet, and it adds
newlines every 76 characters as per <span class="target" id="index-4"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2045.html"><strong>RFC 2045</strong></a>. Note that if you are looking
for <span class="target" id="index-5"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2045.html"><strong>RFC 2045</strong></a> support you probably want to be looking at the <a class="reference internal" href="email.html#module-email" title="email: Package supporting the parsing, manipulating, and generating email messages."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email</span></code></a>
package instead.</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.3: </span>ASCII-only Unicode strings are now accepted by the decoding functions of
the modern interface.</p>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.4: </span>Any <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like objects</span></a> are now accepted by all
encoding and decoding functions in this module. Ascii85/Base85 support added.</p>
</div>
<p>The modern interface provides:</p>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="base64.b64encode">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">base64.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">b64encode</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">s</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">altchars</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.b64encode" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><p>Encode the <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a> <em>s</em> using Base64 and return the encoded
<a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a>.</p>
<p>Optional <em>altchars</em> must be a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a> of length 2 which
specifies an alternative alphabet for the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">+</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/</span></code> characters.
This allows an application to e.g. generate URL or filesystem safe Base64
strings. The default is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, for which the standard Base64 alphabet is used.</p>
<p>May assert or raise a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> if the length of <em>altchars</em> is not 2. Raises a
<a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a> if <em>altchars</em> is not a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="base64.b64decode">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">base64.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">b64decode</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">s</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">altchars</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">validate</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.b64decode" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><p>Decode the Base64 encoded <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a> or ASCII string
<em>s</em> and return the decoded <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a>.</p>
<p>Optional <em>altchars</em> must be a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a> or ASCII string
of length 2 which specifies the alternative alphabet used instead of the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">+</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/</span></code> characters.</p>
<p>A <a class="reference internal" href="binascii.html#binascii.Error" title="binascii.Error"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">binascii.Error</span></code></a> exception is raised
if <em>s</em> is incorrectly padded.</p>
<p>If <em>validate</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code> (the default), characters that are neither
in the normal base-64 alphabet nor the alternative alphabet are
discarded prior to the padding check. If <em>validate</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>,
these non-alphabet characters in the input result in a
<a class="reference internal" href="binascii.html#binascii.Error" title="binascii.Error"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">binascii.Error</span></code></a>.</p>
<p>For more information about the strict base64 check, see <a class="reference internal" href="binascii.html#binascii.a2b_base64" title="binascii.a2b_base64"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">binascii.a2b_base64()</span></code></a></p>
<p>May assert or raise a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> if the length of <em>altchars</em> is not 2.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="base64.standard_b64encode">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">base64.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">standard_b64encode</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">s</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.standard_b64encode" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><p>Encode <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a> <em>s</em> using the standard Base64 alphabet
and return the encoded <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="base64.standard_b64decode">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">base64.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">standard_b64decode</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">s</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.standard_b64decode" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><p>Decode <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a> or ASCII string <em>s</em> using the standard
Base64 alphabet and return the decoded <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="base64.urlsafe_b64encode">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">base64.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">urlsafe_b64encode</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">s</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.urlsafe_b64encode" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><p>Encode <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a> <em>s</em> using the
URL- and filesystem-safe alphabet, which
substitutes <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-</span></code> instead of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">+</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_</span></code> instead of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/</span></code> in the
standard Base64 alphabet, and return the encoded <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a>. The result
can still contain <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">=</span></code>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="base64.urlsafe_b64decode">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">base64.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">urlsafe_b64decode</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">s</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.urlsafe_b64decode" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><p>Decode <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a> or ASCII string <em>s</em>
using the URL- and filesystem-safe
alphabet, which substitutes <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-</span></code> instead of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">+</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_</span></code> instead of
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/</span></code> in the standard Base64 alphabet, and return the decoded
<a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="base64.b32encode">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">base64.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">b32encode</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">s</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.b32encode" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><p>Encode the <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a> <em>s</em> using Base32 and return the
encoded <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="base64.b32decode">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">base64.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">b32decode</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">s</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">casefold</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">map01</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.b32decode" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><p>Decode the Base32 encoded <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a> or ASCII string <em>s</em> and
return the decoded <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a>.</p>
<p>Optional <em>casefold</em> is a flag specifying
whether a lowercase alphabet is acceptable as input. For security purposes,
the default is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code>.</p>
<p><span class="target" id="index-6"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4648.html"><strong>RFC 4648</strong></a> allows for optional mapping of the digit 0 (zero) to the letter O
(oh), and for optional mapping of the digit 1 (one) to either the letter I (eye)
or letter L (el). The optional argument <em>map01</em> when not <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, specifies
which letter the digit 1 should be mapped to (when <em>map01</em> is not <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, the
digit 0 is always mapped to the letter O). For security purposes the default is
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, so that 0 and 1 are not allowed in the input.</p>
<p>A <a class="reference internal" href="binascii.html#binascii.Error" title="binascii.Error"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">binascii.Error</span></code></a> is raised if <em>s</em> is
incorrectly padded or if there are non-alphabet characters present in the
input.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="base64.b32hexencode">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">base64.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">b32hexencode</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">s</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.b32hexencode" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><p>Similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#base64.b32encode" title="base64.b32encode"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">b32encode()</span></code></a> but uses the Extended Hex Alphabet, as defined in
<span class="target" id="index-7"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4648.html"><strong>RFC 4648</strong></a>.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.10.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="base64.b32hexdecode">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">base64.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">b32hexdecode</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">s</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">casefold</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.b32hexdecode" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><p>Similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#base64.b32decode" title="base64.b32decode"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">b32decode()</span></code></a> but uses the Extended Hex Alphabet, as defined in
<span class="target" id="index-8"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4648.html"><strong>RFC 4648</strong></a>.</p>
<p>This version does not allow the digit 0 (zero) to the letter O (oh) and digit
1 (one) to either the letter I (eye) or letter L (el) mappings, all these
characters are included in the Extended Hex Alphabet and are not
interchangeable.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.10.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="base64.b16encode">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">base64.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">b16encode</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">s</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.b16encode" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><p>Encode the <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a> <em>s</em> using Base16 and return the
encoded <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="base64.b16decode">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">base64.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">b16decode</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">s</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">casefold</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.b16decode" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><p>Decode the Base16 encoded <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a> or ASCII string <em>s</em> and
return the decoded <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a>.</p>
<p>Optional <em>casefold</em> is a flag specifying whether a
lowercase alphabet is acceptable as input. For security purposes, the default
is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code>.</p>
<p>A <a class="reference internal" href="binascii.html#binascii.Error" title="binascii.Error"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">binascii.Error</span></code></a> is raised if <em>s</em> is
incorrectly padded or if there are non-alphabet characters present in the
input.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="base64.a85encode">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">base64.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">a85encode</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">b</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="keyword-only-separator o"><abbr title="Keyword-only parameters separator (PEP 3102)"><span class="pre">*</span></abbr></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">foldspaces</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">wrapcol</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">pad</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">adobe</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.a85encode" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><p>Encode the <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a> <em>b</em> using Ascii85 and return the
encoded <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a>.</p>
<p><em>foldspaces</em> is an optional flag that uses the special short sequence ‘y’
instead of 4 consecutive spaces (ASCII 0x20) as supported by ‘btoa’. This
feature is not supported by the “standard” Ascii85 encoding.</p>
<p><em>wrapcol</em> controls whether the output should have newline (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">b'\n'</span></code>)
characters added to it. If this is non-zero, each output line will be
at most this many characters long, excluding the trailing newline.</p>
<p><em>pad</em> controls whether the input is padded to a multiple of 4
before encoding. Note that the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">btoa</span></code> implementation always pads.</p>
<p><em>adobe</em> controls whether the encoded byte sequence is framed with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&lt;~</span></code>
and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~&gt;</span></code>, which is used by the Adobe implementation.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.4.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="base64.a85decode">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">base64.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">a85decode</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">b</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="keyword-only-separator o"><abbr title="Keyword-only parameters separator (PEP 3102)"><span class="pre">*</span></abbr></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">foldspaces</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">adobe</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">ignorechars</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">b'</span> <span class="pre">\t\n\r\x0b'</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.a85decode" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><p>Decode the Ascii85 encoded <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a> or ASCII string <em>b</em> and
return the decoded <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a>.</p>
<p><em>foldspaces</em> is a flag that specifies whether the ‘y’ short sequence
should be accepted as shorthand for 4 consecutive spaces (ASCII 0x20).
This feature is not supported by the “standard” Ascii85 encoding.</p>
<p><em>adobe</em> controls whether the input sequence is in Adobe Ascii85 format
(i.e. is framed with &lt;~ and ~&gt;).</p>
<p><em>ignorechars</em> should be a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a> or ASCII string
containing characters to ignore
from the input. This should only contain whitespace characters, and by
default contains all whitespace characters in ASCII.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.4.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="base64.b85encode">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">base64.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">b85encode</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">b</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">pad</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.b85encode" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><p>Encode the <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a> <em>b</em> using base85 (as used in e.g.
git-style binary diffs) and return the encoded <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a>.</p>
<p>If <em>pad</em> is true, the input is padded with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">b'\0'</span></code> so its length is a
multiple of 4 bytes before encoding.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.4.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="base64.b85decode">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">base64.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">b85decode</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">b</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.b85decode" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><p>Decode the base85-encoded <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a> or ASCII string <em>b</em> and
return the decoded <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a>. Padding is implicitly removed, if
necessary.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.4.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="base64.z85encode">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">base64.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">z85encode</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">s</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.z85encode" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><p>Encode the <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a> <em>s</em> using Z85 (as used in ZeroMQ)
and return the encoded <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a>. See <a class="reference external" href="https://rfc.zeromq.org/spec/32/">Z85 specification</a> for more information.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.13.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="base64.z85decode">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">base64.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">z85decode</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">s</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.z85decode" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><p>Decode the Z85-encoded <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a> or ASCII string <em>s</em> and
return the decoded <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a>. See <a class="reference external" href="https://rfc.zeromq.org/spec/32/">Z85 specification</a> for more information.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.13.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<p>The legacy interface:</p>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="base64.decode">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">base64.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">decode</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">input</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">output</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.decode" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><p>Decode the contents of the binary <em>input</em> file and write the resulting binary
data to the <em>output</em> file. <em>input</em> and <em>output</em> must be <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-file-object"><span class="xref std std-term">file objects</span></a>. <em>input</em> will be read until <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">input.readline()</span></code> returns an
empty bytes object.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="base64.decodebytes">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">base64.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">decodebytes</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">s</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.decodebytes" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><p>Decode the <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a> <em>s</em>, which must contain one or more
lines of base64 encoded data, and return the decoded <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a>.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.1.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="base64.encode">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">base64.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">encode</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">input</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">output</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.encode" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><p>Encode the contents of the binary <em>input</em> file and write the resulting base64
encoded data to the <em>output</em> file. <em>input</em> and <em>output</em> must be <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-file-object"><span class="xref std std-term">file
objects</span></a>. <em>input</em> will be read until <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">input.read()</span></code> returns
an empty bytes object. <a class="reference internal" href="#base64.encode" title="base64.encode"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">encode()</span></code></a> inserts a newline character (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">b'\n'</span></code>)
after every 76 bytes of the output, as well as ensuring that the output
always ends with a newline, as per <span class="target" id="index-9"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2045.html"><strong>RFC 2045</strong></a> (MIME).</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="base64.encodebytes">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">base64.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">encodebytes</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">s</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.encodebytes" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><p>Encode the <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a> <em>s</em>, which can contain arbitrary binary
data, and return <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a> containing the base64-encoded data, with newlines
(<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">b'\n'</span></code>) inserted after every 76 bytes of output, and ensuring that
there is a trailing newline, as per <span class="target" id="index-10"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2045.html"><strong>RFC 2045</strong></a> (MIME).</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.1.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<p>An example usage of the module:</p>
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">base64</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">encoded</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">base64</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">b64encode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">b</span><span class="s1">&#39;data to be encoded&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">encoded</span>
<span class="go">b&#39;ZGF0YSB0byBiZSBlbmNvZGVk&#39;</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">base64</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">b64decode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">encoded</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">data</span>
<span class="go">b&#39;data to be encoded&#39;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<section id="security-considerations">
<span id="base64-security"></span><h2>Security Considerations<a class="headerlink" href="#security-considerations" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>A new security considerations section was added to <span class="target" id="index-11"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4648.html"><strong>RFC 4648</strong></a> (section 12); it’s
recommended to review the security section for any code deployed to production.</p>
<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
<dl class="simple">
<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="binascii.html#module-binascii" title="binascii: Tools for converting between binary and various ASCII-encoded binary representations."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">binascii</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>Support module containing ASCII-to-binary and binary-to-ASCII conversions.</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="target" id="index-12"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1521.html"><strong>RFC 1521</strong></a> - MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) Part One: Mechanisms for Specifying and Describing the Format of Internet Message Bodies</dt><dd><p>Section 5.2, “Base64 Content-Transfer-Encoding,” provides the definition of the
base64 encoding.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</section>
</section>
<div class="clearer"></div>
</div>
</div>
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<h3><a href="../contents.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">base64</span></code> — Base16, Base32, Base64, Base85 Data Encodings</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#security-considerations">Security Considerations</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<h4>Previous topic</h4>
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<h4>Next topic</h4>
<p class="topless"><a href="binascii.html"
title="next chapter"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">binascii</span></code> — Convert between binary and ASCII</a></p>
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