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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#general-gui-questions">General GUI Questions</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-gui-toolkits-exist-for-python">What GUI toolkits exist for Python?</a></li>
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<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#general-gui-questions" id="id2">General GUI Questions</a></p></li>
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<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#i-can-t-get-key-bindings-to-work-in-tkinter-why" id="id7">I can’t get key bindings to work in Tkinter: why?</a></p></li>
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<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3" role="doc-backlink">What GUI toolkits exist for Python?</a><a class="headerlink" href="#what-gui-toolkits-exist-for-python" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Standard builds of Python include an object-oriented interface to the Tcl/Tk
widget set, called <a class="reference internal" href="../library/tk.html#tkinter"><span class="std std-ref">tkinter</span></a>. This is probably the easiest to
install (since it comes included with most
<a class="reference external" href="https://www.python.org/downloads/">binary distributions</a> of Python) and use.
For more info about Tk, including pointers to the source, see the
<a class="reference external" href="https://www.tcl.tk">Tcl/Tk home page</a>. Tcl/Tk is fully portable to the
macOS, Windows, and Unix platforms.</p>
<p>Depending on what platform(s) you are aiming at, there are also several
alternatives. A <a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/GuiProgramming#Cross-Platform_Frameworks">list of cross-platform</a> and
<a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/GuiProgramming#Platform-specific_Frameworks">platform-specific</a> GUI
frameworks can be found on the python wiki.</p>
</section>
<section id="tkinter-questions">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4" role="doc-backlink">Tkinter questions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#tkinter-questions" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<section id="how-do-i-freeze-tkinter-applications">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5" role="doc-backlink">How do I freeze Tkinter applications?</a><a class="headerlink" href="#how-do-i-freeze-tkinter-applications" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>Freeze is a tool to create stand-alone applications. When freezing Tkinter
applications, the applications will not be truly stand-alone, as the application
will still need the Tcl and Tk libraries.</p>
<p>One solution is to ship the application with the Tcl and Tk libraries, and point
to them at run-time using the <code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TCL_LIBRARY</span></code> and <code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TK_LIBRARY</span></code>
environment variables.</p>
<p>Various third-party freeze libraries such as py2exe and cx_Freeze have
handling for Tkinter applications built-in.</p>
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<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6" role="doc-backlink">Can I have Tk events handled while waiting for I/O?</a><a class="headerlink" href="#can-i-have-tk-events-handled-while-waiting-for-i-o" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>On platforms other than Windows, yes, and you don’t even
need threads! But you’ll have to restructure your I/O
code a bit. Tk has the equivalent of Xt’s <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">XtAddInput()</span></code> call, which allows you
to register a callback function which will be called from the Tk mainloop when
I/O is possible on a file descriptor. See <a class="reference internal" href="../library/tkinter.html#tkinter-file-handlers"><span class="std std-ref">File Handlers</span></a>.</p>
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<section id="i-can-t-get-key-bindings-to-work-in-tkinter-why">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id7" role="doc-backlink">I can’t get key bindings to work in Tkinter: why?</a><a class="headerlink" href="#i-can-t-get-key-bindings-to-work-in-tkinter-why" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>An often-heard complaint is that event handlers <a class="reference internal" href="../library/tkinter.html#bindings-and-events"><span class="std std-ref">bound</span></a>
to events with the <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bind()</span></code> method
don’t get handled even when the appropriate key is pressed.</p>
<p>The most common cause is that the widget to which the binding applies doesn’t
have “keyboard focus”. Check out the Tk documentation for the focus command.
Usually a widget is given the keyboard focus by clicking in it (but not for
labels; see the takefocus option).</p>
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