<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" data-content_root="./"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <title>Index — Python 3.13.3 documentation</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css?v=b86133f3" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pydoctheme.css?v=23252803" /> <link id="pygments_dark_css" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments_dark.css?v=5349f25f" /> <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=5d57ca2d"></script> <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=9bcbadda"></script> <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script> <script src="_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 3.13.3 documentation" href="_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="about.html" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="copyright.html" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://docs.python.org/3/genindex-X.html"> <style> @media only screen { table.full-width-table { width: 100%; } } </style> <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pydoctheme_dark.css" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" id="pydoctheme_dark_css"> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="_static/py.svg" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="_static/copybutton.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="_static/menu.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="_static/search-focus.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="_static/themetoggle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="_static/rtd_switcher.js"></script> <meta name="readthedocs-addons-api-version" content="1"> </head> <body> <div class="mobile-nav"> <input type="checkbox" id="menuToggler" class="toggler__input" aria-controls="navigation" aria-pressed="false" aria-expanded="false" role="button" aria-label="Menu" /> <nav class="nav-content" role="navigation"> <label for="menuToggler" class="toggler__label"> <span></span> </label> <span class="nav-items-wrapper"> <a href="https://www.python.org/" class="nav-logo"> <img src="_static/py.svg" alt="Python logo"/> </a> <span class="version_switcher_placeholder"></span> <form role="search" class="search" action="search.html" method="get"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="search-icon"> <path fill-rule="nonzero" fill="currentColor" d="M15.5 14h-.79l-.28-.27a6.5 6.5 0 001.48-5.34c-.47-2.78-2.79-5-5.59-5.34a6.505 6.505 0 00-7.27 7.27c.34 2.8 2.56 5.12 5.34 5.59a6.5 6.5 0 005.34-1.48l.27.28v.79l4.25 4.25c.41.41 1.08.41 1.49 0 .41-.41.41-1.08 0-1.49L15.5 14zm-6 0C7.01 14 5 11.99 5 9.5S7.01 5 9.5 5 14 7.01 14 9.5 11.99 14 9.5 14z"></path> </svg> <input placeholder="Quick search" aria-label="Quick search" type="search" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go"/> </form> </span> </nav> <div class="menu-wrapper"> <nav class="menu" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="language_switcher_placeholder"></div> <label class="theme-selector-label"> Theme <select class="theme-selector" oninput="activateTheme(this.value)"> <option value="auto" selected>Auto</option> <option value="light">Light</option> <option value="dark">Dark</option> </select> </label> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="Related"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li><img src="_static/py.svg" alt="Python logo" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li class="switchers"> <div class="language_switcher_placeholder"></div> <div class="version_switcher_placeholder"></div> </li> <li> </li> <li id="cpython-language-and-version"> <a href="index.html">3.13.3 Documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Index</a></li> <li class="right"> <div class="inline-search" role="search"> <form class="inline-search" action="search.html" method="get"> <input placeholder="Quick search" aria-label="Quick search" type="search" name="q" id="search-box" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> </form> </div> | </li> <li class="right"> <label class="theme-selector-label"> Theme <select class="theme-selector" oninput="activateTheme(this.value)"> <option value="auto" selected>Auto</option> <option value="light">Light</option> <option value="dark">Dark</option> </select> </label> |</li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <h1 id="index">Index – X</h1> <table style="width: 100%" class="indextable"><tr> <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul> <li><a href="library/re.html#re.X">X (in module re)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/ssl.html#index-17">X509 certificate</a> </li> <li><a href="library/os.html#os.X_OK">X_OK (in module os)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/imaplib.html#imaplib.IMAP4.xatom">xatom() (imaplib.IMAP4 method)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/os.html#os.XATTR_CREATE">XATTR_CREATE (in module os)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/os.html#os.XATTR_REPLACE">XATTR_REPLACE (in module os)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/os.html#os.XATTR_SIZE_MAX">XATTR_SIZE_MAX (in module os)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/turtle.html#turtle.xcor">xcor() (in module turtle)</a> </li> <li> xdrlib <ul> <li><a href="library/xdrlib.html#module-xdrlib">module</a> </li> </ul></li> <li><a href="library/html.parser.html#index-0">XHTML</a> </li> <li><a href="library/xml.dom.html#xml.dom.XHTML_NAMESPACE">XHTML_NAMESPACE (in module xml.dom)</a> </li> <li> xml <ul> <li><a href="library/xml.html#module-xml">module</a> </li> </ul></li> <li><a href="library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#xml.etree.ElementTree.XML">XML() (in module xml.etree.ElementTree)</a> </li> <li> xml.dom <ul> <li><a href="library/xml.dom.html#module-xml.dom">module</a> </li> </ul></li> <li> xml.dom.minidom <ul> <li><a href="library/xml.dom.minidom.html#module-xml.dom.minidom">module</a> </li> </ul></li> <li> xml.dom.pulldom <ul> <li><a href="library/xml.dom.pulldom.html#module-xml.dom.pulldom">module</a> </li> </ul></li> <li> xml.etree.ElementInclude <ul> <li><a href="library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#module-xml.etree.ElementInclude">module</a> </li> </ul></li> <li> xml.etree.ElementTree <ul> <li><a href="library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#module-xml.etree.ElementTree">module</a> </li> </ul></li> <li> xml.parsers.expat <ul> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#module-xml.parsers.expat">module</a> </li> </ul></li> <li> xml.parsers.expat.errors <ul> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#module-xml.parsers.expat.errors">module</a> </li> </ul></li> <li> xml.parsers.expat.model <ul> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#module-xml.parsers.expat.model">module</a> </li> </ul></li> <li> xml.sax <ul> <li><a href="library/xml.sax.html#module-xml.sax">module</a> </li> </ul></li> <li> xml.sax.handler <ul> <li><a href="library/xml.sax.handler.html#module-xml.sax.handler">module</a> </li> </ul></li> <li> xml.sax.saxutils <ul> <li><a href="library/xml.sax.utils.html#module-xml.sax.saxutils">module</a> </li> </ul></li> <li> xml.sax.xmlreader <ul> <li><a href="library/xml.sax.reader.html#module-xml.sax.xmlreader">module</a> </li> </ul></li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_ABORTED">XML_ERROR_ABORTED (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_AMPLIFICATION_LIMIT_BREACH">XML_ERROR_AMPLIFICATION_LIMIT_BREACH (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_ASYNC_ENTITY">XML_ERROR_ASYNC_ENTITY (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_ATTRIBUTE_EXTERNAL_ENTITY_REF">XML_ERROR_ATTRIBUTE_EXTERNAL_ENTITY_REF (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_BAD_CHAR_REF">XML_ERROR_BAD_CHAR_REF (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_BINARY_ENTITY_REF">XML_ERROR_BINARY_ENTITY_REF (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_CANT_CHANGE_FEATURE_ONCE_PARSING">XML_ERROR_CANT_CHANGE_FEATURE_ONCE_PARSING (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_DUPLICATE_ATTRIBUTE">XML_ERROR_DUPLICATE_ATTRIBUTE (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_ENTITY_DECLARED_IN_PE">XML_ERROR_ENTITY_DECLARED_IN_PE (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_EXTERNAL_ENTITY_HANDLING">XML_ERROR_EXTERNAL_ENTITY_HANDLING (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_FEATURE_REQUIRES_XML_DTD">XML_ERROR_FEATURE_REQUIRES_XML_DTD (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_FINISHED">XML_ERROR_FINISHED (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_INCOMPLETE_PE">XML_ERROR_INCOMPLETE_PE (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_INCORRECT_ENCODING">XML_ERROR_INCORRECT_ENCODING (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT">XML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_INVALID_TOKEN">XML_ERROR_INVALID_TOKEN (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_JUNK_AFTER_DOC_ELEMENT">XML_ERROR_JUNK_AFTER_DOC_ELEMENT (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_MISPLACED_XML_PI">XML_ERROR_MISPLACED_XML_PI (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> </ul></td> <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_NO_BUFFER">XML_ERROR_NO_BUFFER (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_NO_ELEMENTS">XML_ERROR_NO_ELEMENTS (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_NO_MEMORY">XML_ERROR_NO_MEMORY (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_NOT_STANDALONE">XML_ERROR_NOT_STANDALONE (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_NOT_SUSPENDED">XML_ERROR_NOT_SUSPENDED (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_PARAM_ENTITY_REF">XML_ERROR_PARAM_ENTITY_REF (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_PARTIAL_CHAR">XML_ERROR_PARTIAL_CHAR (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_PUBLICID">XML_ERROR_PUBLICID (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_RECURSIVE_ENTITY_REF">XML_ERROR_RECURSIVE_ENTITY_REF (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_RESERVED_NAMESPACE_URI">XML_ERROR_RESERVED_NAMESPACE_URI (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_RESERVED_PREFIX_XML">XML_ERROR_RESERVED_PREFIX_XML (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_RESERVED_PREFIX_XMLNS">XML_ERROR_RESERVED_PREFIX_XMLNS (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_SUSPEND_PE">XML_ERROR_SUSPEND_PE (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_SUSPENDED">XML_ERROR_SUSPENDED (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_SYNTAX">XML_ERROR_SYNTAX (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_TAG_MISMATCH">XML_ERROR_TAG_MISMATCH (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_TEXT_DECL">XML_ERROR_TEXT_DECL (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_UNBOUND_PREFIX">XML_ERROR_UNBOUND_PREFIX (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_UNCLOSED_CDATA_SECTION">XML_ERROR_UNCLOSED_CDATA_SECTION (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_UNCLOSED_TOKEN">XML_ERROR_UNCLOSED_TOKEN (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_UNDECLARING_PREFIX">XML_ERROR_UNDECLARING_PREFIX (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_UNDEFINED_ENTITY">XML_ERROR_UNDEFINED_ENTITY (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_STATE">XML_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_STATE (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_UNKNOWN_ENCODING">XML_ERROR_UNKNOWN_ENCODING (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_XML_DECL">XML_ERROR_XML_DECL (in module xml.parsers.expat.errors)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/xml.dom.html#xml.dom.XML_NAMESPACE">XML_NAMESPACE (in module xml.dom)</a> </li> <li> xmlcharrefreplace <ul> <li><a href="library/codecs.html#index-3">error handler's name</a> </li> </ul></li> <li><a href="library/codecs.html#codecs.xmlcharrefreplace_errors">xmlcharrefreplace_errors() (in module codecs)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.xmlparser.XmlDeclHandler">XmlDeclHandler() (xml.parsers.expat.xmlparser method)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/xml.sax.utils.html#xml.sax.saxutils.XMLFilterBase">XMLFilterBase (class in xml.sax.saxutils)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/xml.sax.utils.html#xml.sax.saxutils.XMLGenerator">XMLGenerator (class in xml.sax.saxutils)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLID">XMLID() (in module xml.etree.ElementTree)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/xml.dom.html#xml.dom.XMLNS_NAMESPACE">XMLNS_NAMESPACE (in module xml.dom)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLParser">XMLParser (class in xml.etree.ElementTree)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/pyexpat.html#xml.parsers.expat.XMLParserType">XMLParserType (in module xml.parsers.expat)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLPullParser">XMLPullParser (class in xml.etree.ElementTree)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/xml.sax.reader.html#xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader">XMLReader (class in xml.sax.xmlreader)</a> </li> <li> xmlrpc <ul> <li><a href="library/xmlrpc.html#module-xmlrpc">module</a> </li> </ul></li> <li> xmlrpc.client <ul> <li><a href="library/xmlrpc.client.html#module-xmlrpc.client">module</a> </li> </ul></li> <li> xmlrpc.server <ul> <li><a href="library/xmlrpc.server.html#module-xmlrpc.server">module</a> </li> </ul></li> <li> xor <ul> <li><a href="reference/expressions.html#index-76">bitwise</a> </li> </ul></li> <li><a href="library/operator.html#operator.xor">xor() (in module operator)</a> </li> <li><a href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#tkinter.ttk.Treeview.xview">xview() (tkinter.ttk.Treeview method)</a> </li> </ul></td> </tr></table> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="Main"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> </div> <div id="sidebarbutton" title="Collapse sidebar"> <span>«</span> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="Related"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li><img src="_static/py.svg" alt="Python logo" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li class="switchers"> <div class="language_switcher_placeholder"></div> <div class="version_switcher_placeholder"></div> </li> <li> </li> <li id="cpython-language-and-version"> <a href="index.html">3.13.3 Documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Index</a></li> <li class="right"> <div class="inline-search" role="search"> <form class="inline-search" action="search.html" method="get"> <input placeholder="Quick search" aria-label="Quick search" type="search" name="q" id="search-box" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> </form> </div> | </li> <li class="right"> <label class="theme-selector-label"> Theme <select class="theme-selector" oninput="activateTheme(this.value)"> <option value="auto" selected>Auto</option> <option value="light">Light</option> <option value="dark">Dark</option> </select> </label> |</li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer"> © <a href="copyright.html"> Copyright </a> 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation. <br /> This page is licensed under the Python Software Foundation License Version 2. <br /> Examples, recipes, and other code in the documentation are additionally licensed under the Zero Clause BSD License. <br /> See <a href="/license.html">History and License</a> for more information.<br /> <br /> The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation. <a href="https://www.python.org/psf/donations/">Please donate.</a> <br /> <br /> Last updated on Apr 08, 2025 (14:33 UTC). <a href="/bugs.html">Found a bug</a>? <br /> Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 8.2.3. </div> </body> </html>