Automated Python Download instead of Bundling

2025-05-16 01:29:53 -06:00 · 2025-05-16 01:29:53 -06:00 · 7ef23dea37
commit 7ef23dea37
parent 3e42a1136e
5339 changed files with 52 additions and 2043549 deletions
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@ -22,3 +22,4 @@ Borealis-Server.exe
 # On-the-Fly Downloaded Dependencies
 /Dependencies/NodeJS/
 /Dependencies/Python/
--- a/Borealis.ps1
+++ b/Borealis.ps1
@ -101,6 +101,56 @@ Run-Step "Dependencies: Download NodeJS and Bundle into Borealis" {
    }
 }
 # ---------------------- Ensure Python is Present (via Installer Extraction) ----------------------
 Run-Step "Dependencies: Download Python and Bundle into Borealis" {
    $pythonInstallDir = Join-Path $scriptDir "Dependencies\Python"
    $pythonExe = Join-Path $pythonInstallDir "python.exe"
    $pythonMsiBaseUrl = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.3/amd64/"
    $pythonMsiFiles = @(
        "core.msi",
        "exe.msi",
        "lib.msi",
        "pip.msi",
        "dev.msi"
    )
    if (-not (Test-Path $pythonExe)) {
        if (-not (Test-Path $pythonInstallDir)) {
            New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $pythonInstallDir | Out-Null
        }
        foreach ($file in $pythonMsiFiles) {
            $url = "$pythonMsiBaseUrl$file"
            $localPath = Join-Path $scriptDir "Dependencies\$file"
            # Download if missing
            if (-not (Test-Path $localPath)) {
                Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $url -OutFile $localPath
            }
            # Extract MSI into install directory
            Start-Process -Wait -NoNewWindow -FilePath "msiexec.exe" `
                -ArgumentList "/a `"$localPath`" /qn TARGETDIR=`"$pythonInstallDir`""
        }
        # Clean up downloaded MSIs
        foreach ($file in $pythonMsiFiles) {
            $localPath = Join-Path $scriptDir "Dependencies\$file"
            Remove-Item $localPath -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
        }
        # Validate success
        if (-not (Test-Path $pythonExe)) {
            throw "Python executable not found after MSI extraction."
        }
        Write-Host "Python successfully bundled to: $pythonExe"
    } else {
        Write-Host "Python already present at $pythonExe"
    }
 }
 # ---------------------- Common Initialization & Visuals ----------------------
 Clear-Host
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_asyncio.pyd
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_asyncio.pyd
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_bz2.pyd
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_bz2.pyd
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_ctypes.pyd
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_ctypes.pyd
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_ctypes_test.pyd
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_ctypes_test.pyd
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_decimal.pyd
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_decimal.pyd
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_elementtree.pyd
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_elementtree.pyd
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_hashlib.pyd
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_hashlib.pyd
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_lzma.pyd
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_lzma.pyd
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_multiprocessing.pyd
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_multiprocessing.pyd
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_overlapped.pyd
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_overlapped.pyd
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_queue.pyd
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_queue.pyd
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_socket.pyd
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_socket.pyd
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_sqlite3.pyd
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_sqlite3.pyd
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_ssl.pyd
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_ssl.pyd
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_testbuffer.pyd
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_testbuffer.pyd
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_testcapi.pyd
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_testcapi.pyd
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_testclinic.pyd
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_testclinic.pyd
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_testclinic_limited.pyd
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_testclinic_limited.pyd
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_testconsole.pyd
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_testconsole.pyd
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_testimportmultiple.pyd
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_testimportmultiple.pyd
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_testinternalcapi.pyd
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_testinternalcapi.pyd
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_testlimitedcapi.pyd
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_testlimitedcapi.pyd
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_testmultiphase.pyd
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_testmultiphase.pyd
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_testsinglephase.pyd
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_testsinglephase.pyd
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_tkinter.pyd
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_tkinter.pyd
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_uuid.pyd
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_uuid.pyd
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_wmi.pyd
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_wmi.pyd
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_zoneinfo.pyd
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/_zoneinfo.pyd
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/libcrypto-3.dll
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/libcrypto-3.dll
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/libffi-8.dll
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/libffi-8.dll
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/libssl-3.dll
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/libssl-3.dll
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/py.ico
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/py.ico
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/pyc.ico
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/pyc.ico
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/pyd.ico
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/pyd.ico
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/pyexpat.pyd
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/pyexpat.pyd
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/python_lib.cat
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/python_lib.cat
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/select.pyd
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/select.pyd
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/sqlite3.dll
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/sqlite3.dll
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/tcl86t.dll
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/tcl86t.dll
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/tk86t.dll
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/tk86t.dll
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/unicodedata.pyd
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/unicodedata.pyd
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/winsound.pyd
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/winsound.pyd
--- a/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/zlib1.dll
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/DLLs/zlib1.dll
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/.buildinfo
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/.buildinfo
@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
 # Sphinx build info version 1
 # This file records the configuration used when building these files. When it is not found, a full rebuild will be done.
 config: 2678e87cfa1408a5eb1f4e906732091e
 tags: 645f666f9bcd5a90fca523b33c5a78b7
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/404.html
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/404.html
@ -1,240 +0,0 @@
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--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_downloads/6dc1f3f4f0e6ca13cb42ddf4d6cbc8af/tzinfo_examples.py
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_downloads/6dc1f3f4f0e6ca13cb42ddf4d6cbc8af/tzinfo_examples.py
@ -1,175 +0,0 @@
 from datetime import tzinfo, timedelta, datetime
 ZERO = timedelta(0)
 HOUR = timedelta(hours=1)
 SECOND = timedelta(seconds=1)
 # A class capturing the platform's idea of local time.
 # (May result in wrong values on historical times in
 #  timezones where UTC offset and/or the DST rules had
 #  changed in the past.)
 import time as _time
 STDOFFSET = timedelta(seconds = -_time.timezone)
 if _time.daylight:
    DSTOFFSET = timedelta(seconds = -_time.altzone)
 else:
    DSTOFFSET = STDOFFSET
 DSTDIFF = DSTOFFSET - STDOFFSET
 class LocalTimezone(tzinfo):
    def fromutc(self, dt):
        assert dt.tzinfo is self
        stamp = (dt - datetime(1970, 1, 1, tzinfo=self)) // SECOND
        args = _time.localtime(stamp)[:6]
        dst_diff = DSTDIFF // SECOND
        # Detect fold
        fold = (args == _time.localtime(stamp - dst_diff))
        return datetime(*args, microsecond=dt.microsecond,
                        tzinfo=self, fold=fold)
    def utcoffset(self, dt):
        if self._isdst(dt):
            return DSTOFFSET
        else:
            return STDOFFSET
    def dst(self, dt):
        if self._isdst(dt):
            return DSTDIFF
        else:
            return ZERO
    def tzname(self, dt):
        return _time.tzname[self._isdst(dt)]
    def _isdst(self, dt):
        tt = (dt.year, dt.month, dt.day,
              dt.hour, dt.minute, dt.second,
              dt.weekday(), 0, 0)
        stamp = _time.mktime(tt)
        tt = _time.localtime(stamp)
        return tt.tm_isdst > 0
 Local = LocalTimezone()
 # A complete implementation of current DST rules for major US time zones.
 def first_sunday_on_or_after(dt):
    days_to_go = 6 - dt.weekday()
    if days_to_go:
        dt += timedelta(days_to_go)
    return dt
 # US DST Rules
 #
 # This is a simplified (i.e., wrong for a few cases) set of rules for US
 # DST start and end times. For a complete and up-to-date set of DST rules
 # and timezone definitions, visit the Olson Database (or try pytz):
 # http://www.twinsun.com/tz/tz-link.htm
 # https://sourceforge.net/projects/pytz/ (might not be up-to-date)
 #
 # In the US, since 2007, DST starts at 2am (standard time) on the second
 # Sunday in March, which is the first Sunday on or after Mar 8.
 DSTSTART_2007 = datetime(1, 3, 8, 2)
 # and ends at 2am (DST time) on the first Sunday of Nov.
 DSTEND_2007 = datetime(1, 11, 1, 2)
 # From 1987 to 2006, DST used to start at 2am (standard time) on the first
 # Sunday in April and to end at 2am (DST time) on the last
 # Sunday of October, which is the first Sunday on or after Oct 25.
 DSTSTART_1987_2006 = datetime(1, 4, 1, 2)
 DSTEND_1987_2006 = datetime(1, 10, 25, 2)
 # From 1967 to 1986, DST used to start at 2am (standard time) on the last
 # Sunday in April (the one on or after April 24) and to end at 2am (DST time)
 # on the last Sunday of October, which is the first Sunday
 # on or after Oct 25.
 DSTSTART_1967_1986 = datetime(1, 4, 24, 2)
 DSTEND_1967_1986 = DSTEND_1987_2006
 def us_dst_range(year):
    # Find start and end times for US DST. For years before 1967, return
    # start = end for no DST.
    if 2006 < year:
        dststart, dstend = DSTSTART_2007, DSTEND_2007
    elif 1986 < year < 2007:
        dststart, dstend = DSTSTART_1987_2006, DSTEND_1987_2006
    elif 1966 < year < 1987:
        dststart, dstend = DSTSTART_1967_1986, DSTEND_1967_1986
    else:
        return (datetime(year, 1, 1), ) * 2
    start = first_sunday_on_or_after(dststart.replace(year=year))
    end = first_sunday_on_or_after(dstend.replace(year=year))
    return start, end
 class USTimeZone(tzinfo):
    def __init__(self, hours, reprname, stdname, dstname):
        self.stdoffset = timedelta(hours=hours)
        self.reprname = reprname
        self.stdname = stdname
        self.dstname = dstname
    def __repr__(self):
        return self.reprname
    def tzname(self, dt):
        if self.dst(dt):
            return self.dstname
        else:
            return self.stdname
    def utcoffset(self, dt):
        return self.stdoffset + self.dst(dt)
    def dst(self, dt):
        if dt is None or dt.tzinfo is None:
            # An exception may be sensible here, in one or both cases.
            # It depends on how you want to treat them.  The default
            # fromutc() implementation (called by the default astimezone()
            # implementation) passes a datetime with dt.tzinfo is self.
            return ZERO
        assert dt.tzinfo is self
        start, end = us_dst_range(dt.year)
        # Can't compare naive to aware objects, so strip the timezone from
        # dt first.
        dt = dt.replace(tzinfo=None)
        if start + HOUR <= dt < end - HOUR:
            # DST is in effect.
            return HOUR
        if end - HOUR <= dt < end:
            # Fold (an ambiguous hour): use dt.fold to disambiguate.
            return ZERO if dt.fold else HOUR
        if start <= dt < start + HOUR:
            # Gap (a non-existent hour): reverse the fold rule.
            return HOUR if dt.fold else ZERO
        # DST is off.
        return ZERO
    def fromutc(self, dt):
        assert dt.tzinfo is self
        start, end = us_dst_range(dt.year)
        start = start.replace(tzinfo=self)
        end = end.replace(tzinfo=self)
        std_time = dt + self.stdoffset
        dst_time = std_time + HOUR
        if end <= dst_time < end + HOUR:
            # Repeated hour
            return std_time.replace(fold=1)
        if std_time < start or dst_time >= end:
            # Standard time
            return std_time
        if start <= std_time < end - HOUR:
            # Daylight saving time
            return dst_time
 Eastern  = USTimeZone(-5, "Eastern",  "EST", "EDT")
 Central  = USTimeZone(-6, "Central",  "CST", "CDT")
 Mountain = USTimeZone(-7, "Mountain", "MST", "MDT")
 Pacific  = USTimeZone(-8, "Pacific",  "PST", "PDT")
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_images/hashlib-blake2-tree.png
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_images/hashlib-blake2-tree.png
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_images/kde_example.png
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_images/kde_example.png
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_images/mac_installer_01_introduction.png
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_images/mac_installer_01_introduction.png
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_images/mac_installer_02_readme.png
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_images/mac_installer_02_readme.png
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_images/mac_installer_03_license.png
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_images/mac_installer_03_license.png
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_images/mac_installer_04_installation_type.png
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_images/mac_installer_04_installation_type.png
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_images/mac_installer_05_custom_install.png
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_images/mac_installer_05_custom_install.png
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_images/mac_installer_06_summary.png
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_images/mac_installer_06_summary.png
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_images/mac_installer_07_applications.png
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_images/mac_installer_07_applications.png
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_images/mac_installer_08_install_certificates.png
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_images/mac_installer_08_install_certificates.png
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_images/mac_installer_09_custom_install_free_threaded.png
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_images/mac_installer_09_custom_install_free_threaded.png
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_images/pathlib-inheritance.png
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_images/pathlib-inheritance.png
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_images/tk_msg.png
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_images/tk_msg.png
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_images/turtle-star.png
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_images/turtle-star.png
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_images/win_install_freethreaded.png
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_images/win_install_freethreaded.png
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_images/win_installer.png
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_images/win_installer.png
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/basic.css
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/basic.css
@ -1,906 +0,0 @@
 /*
 * Sphinx stylesheet -- basic theme.
 */
 /* -- main layout ----------------------------------------------------------- */
 div.clearer {
    clear: both;
 }
 div.section::after {
    display: block;
    content: '';
    clear: left;
 }
 /* -- relbar ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
 div.related {
    width: 100%;
    font-size: 90%;
 }
 div.related h3 {
    display: none;
 }
 div.related ul {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0 0 0 10px;
    list-style: none;
 }
 div.related li {
    display: inline;
 }
 div.related li.right {
    float: right;
    margin-right: 5px;
 }
 /* -- sidebar --------------------------------------------------------------- */
 div.sphinxsidebarwrapper {
    padding: 10px 5px 0 10px;
 }
 div.sphinxsidebar {
    float: left;
    width: 230px;
    margin-left: -100%;
    font-size: 90%;
    word-wrap: break-word;
    overflow-wrap : break-word;
 }
 div.sphinxsidebar ul {
    list-style: none;
 }
 div.sphinxsidebar ul ul,
 div.sphinxsidebar ul.want-points {
    margin-left: 20px;
    list-style: square;
 }
 div.sphinxsidebar ul ul {
    margin-top: 0;
    margin-bottom: 0;
 }
 div.sphinxsidebar form {
    margin-top: 10px;
 }
 div.sphinxsidebar input {
    border: 1px solid #98dbcc;
    font-family: sans-serif;
    font-size: 1em;
 }
 div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox form.search {
    overflow: hidden;
 }
 div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox input[type="text"] {
    float: left;
    width: 80%;
    padding: 0.25em;
    box-sizing: border-box;
 }
 div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox input[type="submit"] {
    float: left;
    width: 20%;
    border-left: none;
    padding: 0.25em;
    box-sizing: border-box;
 }
 img {
    border: 0;
    max-width: 100%;
 }
 /* -- search page ----------------------------------------------------------- */
 ul.search {
    margin-top: 10px;
 }
 ul.search li {
    padding: 5px 0;
 }
 ul.search li a {
    font-weight: bold;
 }
 ul.search li p.context {
    color: #888;
    margin: 2px 0 0 30px;
    text-align: left;
 }
 ul.keywordmatches li.goodmatch a {
    font-weight: bold;
 }
 /* -- index page ------------------------------------------------------------ */
 table.contentstable {
    width: 90%;
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
 }
 table.contentstable p.biglink {
    line-height: 150%;
 }
 a.biglink {
    font-size: 1.3em;
 }
 span.linkdescr {
    font-style: italic;
    padding-top: 5px;
    font-size: 90%;
 }
 /* -- general index --------------------------------------------------------- */
 table.indextable {
    width: 100%;
 }
 table.indextable td {
    text-align: left;
    vertical-align: top;
 }
 table.indextable ul {
    margin-top: 0;
    margin-bottom: 0;
    list-style-type: none;
 }
 table.indextable > tbody > tr > td > ul {
    padding-left: 0em;
 }
 table.indextable tr.pcap {
    height: 10px;
 }
 table.indextable tr.cap {
    margin-top: 10px;
    background-color: #f2f2f2;
 }
 img.toggler {
    margin-right: 3px;
    margin-top: 3px;
    cursor: pointer;
 }
 div.modindex-jumpbox {
    border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
    margin: 1em 0 1em 0;
    padding: 0.4em;
 }
 div.genindex-jumpbox {
    border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
    margin: 1em 0 1em 0;
    padding: 0.4em;
 }
 /* -- domain module index --------------------------------------------------- */
 table.modindextable td {
    padding: 2px;
    border-collapse: collapse;
 }
 /* -- general body styles --------------------------------------------------- */
 div.body {
    min-width: 360px;
    max-width: 800px;
 }
 div.body p, div.body dd, div.body li, div.body blockquote {
    -moz-hyphens: auto;
    -ms-hyphens: auto;
    -webkit-hyphens: auto;
    hyphens: auto;
 }
 a.headerlink {
    visibility: hidden;
 }
 a:visited {
    color: #551A8B;
 }
 h1:hover > a.headerlink,
 h2:hover > a.headerlink,
 h3:hover > a.headerlink,
 h4:hover > a.headerlink,
 h5:hover > a.headerlink,
 h6:hover > a.headerlink,
 dt:hover > a.headerlink,
 caption:hover > a.headerlink,
 p.caption:hover > a.headerlink,
 div.code-block-caption:hover > a.headerlink {
    visibility: visible;
 }
 div.body p.caption {
    text-align: inherit;
 }
 div.body td {
    text-align: left;
 }
 .first {
    margin-top: 0 !important;
 }
 p.rubric {
    margin-top: 30px;
    font-weight: bold;
 }
 img.align-left, figure.align-left, .figure.align-left, object.align-left {
    clear: left;
    float: left;
    margin-right: 1em;
 }
 img.align-right, figure.align-right, .figure.align-right, object.align-right {
    clear: right;
    float: right;
    margin-left: 1em;
 }
 img.align-center, figure.align-center, .figure.align-center, object.align-center {
  display: block;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
 }
 img.align-default, figure.align-default, .figure.align-default {
  display: block;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
 }
 .align-left {
    text-align: left;
 }
 .align-center {
    text-align: center;
 }
 .align-default {
    text-align: center;
 }
 .align-right {
    text-align: right;
 }
 /* -- sidebars -------------------------------------------------------------- */
 div.sidebar,
 aside.sidebar {
    margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em;
    border: 1px solid #ddb;
    padding: 7px;
    background-color: #ffe;
    width: 40%;
    float: right;
    clear: right;
    overflow-x: auto;
 }
 p.sidebar-title {
    font-weight: bold;
 }
 nav.contents,
 aside.topic,
 div.admonition, div.topic, blockquote {
    clear: left;
 }
 /* -- topics ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
 nav.contents,
 aside.topic,
 div.topic {
    border: 1px solid #ccc;
    padding: 7px;
    margin: 10px 0 10px 0;
 }
 p.topic-title {
    font-size: 1.1em;
    font-weight: bold;
    margin-top: 10px;
 }
 /* -- admonitions ----------------------------------------------------------- */
 div.admonition {
    margin-top: 10px;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    padding: 7px;
 }
 div.admonition dt {
    font-weight: bold;
 }
 p.admonition-title {
    margin: 0px 10px 5px 0px;
    font-weight: bold;
 }
 div.body p.centered {
    text-align: center;
    margin-top: 25px;
 }
 /* -- content of sidebars/topics/admonitions -------------------------------- */
 div.sidebar > :last-child,
 aside.sidebar > :last-child,
 nav.contents > :last-child,
 aside.topic > :last-child,
 div.topic > :last-child,
 div.admonition > :last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
 }
 div.sidebar::after,
 aside.sidebar::after,
 nav.contents::after,
 aside.topic::after,
 div.topic::after,
 div.admonition::after,
 blockquote::after {
    display: block;
    content: '';
    clear: both;
 }
 /* -- tables ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
 table.docutils {
    margin-top: 10px;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    border: 0;
    border-collapse: collapse;
 }
 table.align-center {
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
 }
 table.align-default {
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
 }
 table caption span.caption-number {
    font-style: italic;
 }
 table caption span.caption-text {
 }
 table.docutils td, table.docutils th {
    padding: 1px 8px 1px 5px;
    border-top: 0;
    border-left: 0;
    border-right: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;
 }
 th {
    text-align: left;
    padding-right: 5px;
 }
 table.citation {
    border-left: solid 1px gray;
    margin-left: 1px;
 }
 table.citation td {
    border-bottom: none;
 }
 th > :first-child,
 td > :first-child {
    margin-top: 0px;
 }
 th > :last-child,
 td > :last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0px;
 }
 /* -- figures --------------------------------------------------------------- */
 div.figure, figure {
    margin: 0.5em;
    padding: 0.5em;
 }
 div.figure p.caption, figcaption {
    padding: 0.3em;
 }
 div.figure p.caption span.caption-number,
 figcaption span.caption-number {
    font-style: italic;
 }
 div.figure p.caption span.caption-text,
 figcaption span.caption-text {
 }
 /* -- field list styles ----------------------------------------------------- */
 table.field-list td, table.field-list th {
    border: 0 !important;
 }
 .field-list ul {
    margin: 0;
    padding-left: 1em;
 }
 .field-list p {
    margin: 0;
 }
 .field-name {
    -moz-hyphens: manual;
    -ms-hyphens: manual;
    -webkit-hyphens: manual;
    hyphens: manual;
 }
 /* -- hlist styles ---------------------------------------------------------- */
 table.hlist {
    margin: 1em 0;
 }
 table.hlist td {
    vertical-align: top;
 }
 /* -- object description styles --------------------------------------------- */
 .sig {
 	font-family: 'Consolas', 'Menlo', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace;
 }
 .sig-name, code.descname {
    background-color: transparent;
    font-weight: bold;
 }
 .sig-name {
 	font-size: 1.1em;
 }
 code.descname {
    font-size: 1.2em;
 }
 .sig-prename, code.descclassname {
    background-color: transparent;
 }
 .optional {
    font-size: 1.3em;
 }
 .sig-paren {
    font-size: larger;
 }
 .sig-param.n {
 	font-style: italic;
 }
 /* C++ specific styling */
 .sig-inline.c-texpr,
 .sig-inline.cpp-texpr {
 	font-family: unset;
 }
 .sig.c   .k, .sig.c   .kt,
 .sig.cpp .k, .sig.cpp .kt {
 	color: #0033B3;
 }
 .sig.c   .m,
 .sig.cpp .m {
 	color: #1750EB;
 }
 .sig.c   .s, .sig.c   .sc,
 .sig.cpp .s, .sig.cpp .sc {
 	color: #067D17;
 }
 /* -- other body styles ----------------------------------------------------- */
 ol.arabic {
    list-style: decimal;
 }
 ol.loweralpha {
    list-style: lower-alpha;
 }
 ol.upperalpha {
    list-style: upper-alpha;
 }
 ol.lowerroman {
    list-style: lower-roman;
 }
 ol.upperroman {
    list-style: upper-roman;
 }
 :not(li) > ol > li:first-child > :first-child,
 :not(li) > ul > li:first-child > :first-child {
    margin-top: 0px;
 }
 :not(li) > ol > li:last-child > :last-child,
 :not(li) > ul > li:last-child > :last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0px;
 }
 ol.simple ol p,
 ol.simple ul p,
 ul.simple ol p,
 ul.simple ul p {
    margin-top: 0;
 }
 ol.simple > li:not(:first-child) > p,
 ul.simple > li:not(:first-child) > p {
    margin-top: 0;
 }
 ol.simple p,
 ul.simple p {
    margin-bottom: 0;
 }
 aside.footnote > span,
 div.citation > span {
    float: left;
 }
 aside.footnote > span:last-of-type,
 div.citation > span:last-of-type {
  padding-right: 0.5em;
 }
 aside.footnote > p {
  margin-left: 2em;
 }
 div.citation > p {
  margin-left: 4em;
 }
 aside.footnote > p:last-of-type,
 div.citation > p:last-of-type {
    margin-bottom: 0em;
 }
 aside.footnote > p:last-of-type:after,
 div.citation > p:last-of-type:after {
    content: "";
    clear: both;
 }
 dl.field-list {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: fit-content(30%) auto;
 }
 dl.field-list > dt {
    font-weight: bold;
    word-break: break-word;
    padding-left: 0.5em;
    padding-right: 5px;
 }
 dl.field-list > dd {
    padding-left: 0.5em;
    margin-top: 0em;
    margin-left: 0em;
    margin-bottom: 0em;
 }
 dl {
    margin-bottom: 15px;
 }
 dd > :first-child {
    margin-top: 0px;
 }
 dd ul, dd table {
    margin-bottom: 10px;
 }
 dd {
    margin-top: 3px;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    margin-left: 30px;
 }
 .sig dd {
    margin-top: 0px;
    margin-bottom: 0px;
 }
 .sig dl {
    margin-top: 0px;
    margin-bottom: 0px;
 }
 dl > dd:last-child,
 dl > dd:last-child > :last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
 }
 dt:target, span.highlighted {
    background-color: #fbe54e;
 }
 rect.highlighted {
    fill: #fbe54e;
 }
 dl.glossary dt {
    font-weight: bold;
    font-size: 1.1em;
 }
 .versionmodified {
    font-style: italic;
 }
 .system-message {
    background-color: #fda;
    padding: 5px;
    border: 3px solid red;
 }
 .footnote:target  {
    background-color: #ffa;
 }
 .line-block {
    display: block;
    margin-top: 1em;
    margin-bottom: 1em;
 }
 .line-block .line-block {
    margin-top: 0;
    margin-bottom: 0;
    margin-left: 1.5em;
 }
 .guilabel, .menuselection {
    font-family: sans-serif;
 }
 .accelerator {
    text-decoration: underline;
 }
 .classifier {
    font-style: oblique;
 }
 .classifier:before {
    font-style: normal;
    margin: 0 0.5em;
    content: ":";
    display: inline-block;
 }
 abbr, acronym {
    border-bottom: dotted 1px;
    cursor: help;
 }
 /* -- code displays --------------------------------------------------------- */
 pre {
    overflow: auto;
    overflow-y: hidden;  /* fixes display issues on Chrome browsers */
 }
 pre, div[class*="highlight-"] {
    clear: both;
 }
 span.pre {
    -moz-hyphens: none;
    -ms-hyphens: none;
    -webkit-hyphens: none;
    hyphens: none;
    white-space: nowrap;
 }
 div[class*="highlight-"] {
    margin: 1em 0;
 }
 td.linenos pre {
    border: 0;
    background-color: transparent;
    color: #aaa;
 }
 table.highlighttable {
    display: block;
 }
 table.highlighttable tbody {
    display: block;
 }
 table.highlighttable tr {
    display: flex;
 }
 table.highlighttable td {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
 }
 table.highlighttable td.linenos {
    padding-right: 0.5em;
 }
 table.highlighttable td.code {
    flex: 1;
    overflow: hidden;
 }
 .highlight .hll {
    display: block;
 }
 div.highlight pre,
 table.highlighttable pre {
    margin: 0;
 }
 div.code-block-caption + div {
    margin-top: 0;
 }
 div.code-block-caption {
    margin-top: 1em;
    padding: 2px 5px;
    font-size: small;
 }
 div.code-block-caption code {
    background-color: transparent;
 }
 table.highlighttable td.linenos,
 span.linenos,
 div.highlight span.gp {  /* gp: Generic.Prompt */
  user-select: none;
  -webkit-user-select: text; /* Safari fallback only */
  -webkit-user-select: none; /* Chrome/Safari */
  -moz-user-select: none; /* Firefox */
  -ms-user-select: none; /* IE10+ */
 }
 div.code-block-caption span.caption-number {
    padding: 0.1em 0.3em;
    font-style: italic;
 }
 div.code-block-caption span.caption-text {
 }
 div.literal-block-wrapper {
    margin: 1em 0;
 }
 code.xref, a code {
    background-color: transparent;
    font-weight: bold;
 }
 h1 code, h2 code, h3 code, h4 code, h5 code, h6 code {
    background-color: transparent;
 }
 .viewcode-link {
    float: right;
 }
 .viewcode-back {
    float: right;
    font-family: sans-serif;
 }
 div.viewcode-block:target {
    margin: -1px -10px;
    padding: 0 10px;
 }
 /* -- math display ---------------------------------------------------------- */
 img.math {
    vertical-align: middle;
 }
 div.body div.math p {
    text-align: center;
 }
 span.eqno {
    float: right;
 }
 span.eqno a.headerlink {
    position: absolute;
    z-index: 1;
 }
 div.math:hover a.headerlink {
    visibility: visible;
 }
 /* -- printout stylesheet --------------------------------------------------- */
@media print {
    div.document,
    div.documentwrapper,
    div.bodywrapper {
        margin: 0 !important;
        width: 100%;
    }
    div.sphinxsidebar,
    div.related,
    div.footer,
    #top-link {
        display: none;
    }
 }
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/changelog_search.js
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/changelog_search.js
@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
 document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function () {
  // add the search form and bind the events
  document
    .querySelector("h1")
    .insertAdjacentHTML(
      "afterend",
      [
        "<p>Filter entries by content:",
        '<input type="text" value="" id="searchbox" style="width: 50%">',
        '<input type="submit" id="searchbox-submit" value="Filter"></p>',
      ].join("\n"),
    );
  function doFilter() {
    let query;
    try {
      query = new RegExp(document.querySelector("#searchbox").value, "i");
    } catch (e) {
      return; // not a valid regex (yet)
    }
    // find headers for the versions (What's new in Python X.Y.Z?)
    const h2s = document.querySelectorAll("#changelog h2");
    for (const h2 of h2s) {
      let sections_found = 0;
      // find headers for the sections (Core, Library, etc.)
      const h3s = h2.parentNode.querySelectorAll("h3");
      for (const h3 of h3s) {
        let entries_found = 0;
        // find all the entries
        const lis = h3.parentNode.querySelectorAll("li");
        for (let li of lis) {
          // check if the query matches the entry
          if (query.test(li.textContent)) {
            li.style.display = "block";
            entries_found++;
          } else {
            li.style.display = "none";
          }
        }
        // if there are entries, show the section, otherwise hide it
        if (entries_found > 0) {
          h3.parentNode.style.display = "block";
          sections_found++;
        } else {
          h3.parentNode.style.display = "none";
        }
      }
      if (sections_found > 0) {
        h2.parentNode.style.display = "block";
      } else {
        h2.parentNode.style.display = "none";
      }
    }
  }
  document.querySelector("#searchbox").addEventListener("keyup", doFilter);
  document
    .querySelector("#searchbox-submit")
    .addEventListener("click", doFilter);
 });
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/classic.css
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/classic.css
@ -1,294 +0,0 @@
 /*
 * Sphinx stylesheet -- classic theme.
 */
@import url("basic.css");
 /* -- page layout ----------------------------------------------------------- */
 html {
    /* CSS hack for macOS's scrollbar (see #1125) */
    background-color: #FFFFFF;
 }
 body {
    font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, avenir next, avenir, segoe ui, helvetica neue, helvetica, Cantarell, Ubuntu, roboto, noto, arial, sans-serif;
    font-size: 100%;
    background-color: white;
    color: #000;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
 }
 div.document {
    display: flex;
    background-color: white;
 }
 div.documentwrapper {
    float: left;
    width: 100%;
 }
 div.bodywrapper {
    margin: 0 0 0 230px;
 }
 div.body {
    background-color: white;
    color: #222222;
    padding: 0 20px 30px 20px;
 }
 div.footer {
    color: #555555;
    width: 100%;
    padding: 9px 0 9px 0;
    text-align: center;
    font-size: 75%;
 }
 div.footer a {
    color: #555555;
    text-decoration: underline;
 }
 div.related {
    background-color: white;
    line-height: 30px;
    color: #666666;
 }
 div.related a {
    color: #444444;
 }
 div.sphinxsidebar {
 }
 div.sphinxsidebar h3 {
    font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, avenir next, avenir, segoe ui, helvetica neue, helvetica, Cantarell, Ubuntu, roboto, noto, arial, sans-serif;
    color: #444444;
    font-size: 1.4em;
    font-weight: normal;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
 }
 div.sphinxsidebar h3 a {
    color: #444444;
 }
 div.sphinxsidebar h4 {
    font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, avenir next, avenir, segoe ui, helvetica neue, helvetica, Cantarell, Ubuntu, roboto, noto, arial, sans-serif;
    color: #444444;
    font-size: 1.3em;
    font-weight: normal;
    margin: 5px 0 0 0;
    padding: 0;
 }
 div.sphinxsidebar p {
    color: #444444;
 }
 div.sphinxsidebar p.topless {
    margin: 5px 10px 10px 10px;
 }
 div.sphinxsidebar ul {
    margin: 10px;
    padding: 0;
    color: #444444;
 }
 div.sphinxsidebar a {
    color: #444444;
 }
 div.sphinxsidebar input {
    border: 1px solid #444444;
    font-family: sans-serif;
    font-size: 1em;
 }
 /* for collapsible sidebar */
 #sidebarbutton {
    height: 100%;
    background-color: #cccccc;
    margin-left: 0;
    color: #FFFFFF;
    border-left: 1px solid white;
    font-size: 1.2em;
    cursor: pointer;
    padding-top: 1px;
    float: right;
    display: table; /* for vertically centering the <span> */
 }
 #sidebarbutton:hover {
    background-color: white;
 }
 #sidebarbutton span {
    display: table-cell;
    vertical-align: middle;
 }
 div.sphinxsidebarwrapper {
    float: left;
    margin-right: 0;
 }
 /* -- hyperlink styles ------------------------------------------------------ */
 a {
    color: #0090c0;
    text-decoration: none;
 }
 a:visited {
    color: #00608f;
    text-decoration: none;
 }
 a:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
 }
 /* -- body styles ----------------------------------------------------------- */
 div.body h1,
 div.body h2,
 div.body h3,
 div.body h4,
 div.body h5,
 div.body h6 {
    font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, avenir next, avenir, segoe ui, helvetica neue, helvetica, Cantarell, Ubuntu, roboto, noto, arial, sans-serif;
    background-color: white;
    font-weight: normal;
    color: #1a1a1a;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;
    margin: 20px -20px 10px -20px;
    padding: 3px 0 3px 10px;
 }
 div.body h1 { margin-top: 0; font-size: 200%; }
 div.body h2 { font-size: 160%; }
 div.body h3 { font-size: 140%; }
 div.body h4 { font-size: 120%; }
 div.body h5 { font-size: 110%; }
 div.body h6 { font-size: 100%; }
 a.headerlink {
    color: #aaaaaa;
    font-size: 0.8em;
    padding: 0 4px 0 4px;
    text-decoration: none;
 }
 a.headerlink:hover {
    background-color: #aaaaaa;
    color: white;
 }
 div.body p, div.body dd, div.body li, div.body blockquote {
    text-align: justify;
    line-height: 130%;
 }
 div.admonition p.admonition-title + p {
    display: inline;
 }
 div.admonition p {
    margin-bottom: 5px;
 }
 div.admonition pre {
    margin-bottom: 5px;
 }
 div.admonition ul, div.admonition ol {
    margin-bottom: 5px;
 }
 div.note {
    background-color: #eee;
    border: 1px solid #ccc;
 }
 div.seealso {
    background-color: #ffc;
    border: 1px solid #ff6;
 }
 nav.contents,
 aside.topic,
 div.topic {
    background-color: #eee;
 }
 div.warning {
    background-color: #ffe4e4;
    border: 1px solid #f66;
 }
 p.admonition-title {
    display: inline;
 }
 p.admonition-title:after {
    content: ":";
 }
 pre {
    padding: 5px;
    background-color: #eeffcc;
    color: #333333;
    line-height: 120%;
    border: 1px solid #ac9;
    border-left: none;
    border-right: none;
 }
 code {
    background-color: #ecf0f3;
    padding: 0 1px 0 1px;
    font-size: 0.95em;
 }
 th, dl.field-list > dt {
    background-color: #ede;
 }
 .warning code {
    background: #efc2c2;
 }
 .note code {
    background: #d6d6d6;
 }
 .viewcode-back {
    font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, avenir next, avenir, segoe ui, helvetica neue, helvetica, Cantarell, Ubuntu, roboto, noto, arial, sans-serif;
 }
 div.viewcode-block:target {
    background-color: #f4debf;
    border-top: 1px solid #ac9;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #ac9;
 }
 div.code-block-caption {
    color: #efefef;
    background-color: #1c4e63;
 }
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/copybutton.js
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/copybutton.js
@ -1,92 +0,0 @@
 // ``function*`` denotes a generator in JavaScript, see
 // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/function*
 function* getHideableCopyButtonElements(rootElement) {
    // yield all elements with the "go" (Generic.Output),
    // "gp" (Generic.Prompt), or "gt" (Generic.Traceback) CSS class
    for (const el of rootElement.querySelectorAll('.go, .gp, .gt')) {
        yield el
    }
    // tracebacks (.gt) contain bare text elements that need to be
    // wrapped in a span to hide or show the element
    for (let el of rootElement.querySelectorAll('.gt')) {
        while ((el = el.nextSibling) && el.nodeType !== Node.DOCUMENT_NODE) {
            // stop wrapping text nodes when we hit the next output or
            // prompt element
            if (el.nodeType === Node.ELEMENT_NODE && el.matches(".gp, .go")) {
                break
            }
            // if the node is a text node with content, wrap it in a
            // span element so that we can control visibility
            if (el.nodeType === Node.TEXT_NODE && el.textContent.trim()) {
                const wrapper = document.createElement("span")
                el.after(wrapper)
                wrapper.appendChild(el)
                el = wrapper
            }
            yield el
        }
    }
 }
 const loadCopyButton = () => {
    /* Add a [>>>] button in the top-right corner of code samples to hide
     * the >>> and ... prompts and the output and thus make the code
     * copyable. */
    const hide_text = "Hide the prompts and output"
    const show_text = "Show the prompts and output"
    const button = document.createElement("span")
    button.classList.add("copybutton")
    button.innerText = ">>>"
    button.title = hide_text
    button.dataset.hidden = "false"
    const buttonClick = event => {
        // define the behavior of the button when it's clicked
        event.preventDefault()
        const buttonEl = event.currentTarget
        const codeEl = buttonEl.nextElementSibling
        if (buttonEl.dataset.hidden === "false") {
            // hide the code output
            for (const el of getHideableCopyButtonElements(codeEl)) {
                el.hidden = true
            }
            buttonEl.title = show_text
            buttonEl.dataset.hidden = "true"
        } else {
            // show the code output
            for (const el of getHideableCopyButtonElements(codeEl)) {
                el.hidden = false
            }
            buttonEl.title = hide_text
            buttonEl.dataset.hidden = "false"
        }
    }
    const highlightedElements = document.querySelectorAll(
        ".highlight-python .highlight,"
        + ".highlight-python3 .highlight,"
        + ".highlight-pycon .highlight,"
        + ".highlight-pycon3 .highlight,"
        + ".highlight-default .highlight"
    )
    // create and add the button to all the code blocks that contain >>>
    highlightedElements.forEach(el => {
        el.style.position = "relative"
        // if we find a console prompt (.gp), prepend the (deeply cloned) button
        const clonedButton = button.cloneNode(true)
        // the onclick attribute is not cloned, set it on the new element
        clonedButton.onclick = buttonClick
        if (el.querySelector(".gp") !== null) {
            el.prepend(clonedButton)
        }
    })
 }
 if (document.readyState !== "loading") {
    loadCopyButton()
 } else {
    document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", loadCopyButton)
 }
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/default.css
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/default.css
@ -1 +0,0 @@
@import url("classic.css");
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/doctools.js
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/doctools.js
@ -1,149 +0,0 @@
 /*
 * Base JavaScript utilities for all Sphinx HTML documentation.
 */
 "use strict";
 const BLACKLISTED_KEY_CONTROL_ELEMENTS = new Set([
  "TEXTAREA",
  "INPUT",
  "SELECT",
  "BUTTON",
 ]);
 const _ready = (callback) => {
  if (document.readyState !== "loading") {
    callback();
  } else {
    document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", callback);
  }
 };
 /**
 * Small JavaScript module for the documentation.
 */
 const Documentation = {
  init: () => {
    Documentation.initDomainIndexTable();
    Documentation.initOnKeyListeners();
  },
  /**
   * i18n support
   */
  TRANSLATIONS: {},
  PLURAL_EXPR: (n) => (n === 1 ? 0 : 1),
  LOCALE: "unknown",
  // gettext and ngettext don't access this so that the functions
  // can safely bound to a different name (_ = Documentation.gettext)
  gettext: (string) => {
    const translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[string];
    switch (typeof translated) {
      case "undefined":
        return string; // no translation
      case "string":
        return translated; // translation exists
      default:
        return translated[0]; // (singular, plural) translation tuple exists
    }
  },
  ngettext: (singular, plural, n) => {
    const translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[singular];
    if (typeof translated !== "undefined")
      return translated[Documentation.PLURAL_EXPR(n)];
    return n === 1 ? singular : plural;
  },
  addTranslations: (catalog) => {
    Object.assign(Documentation.TRANSLATIONS, catalog.messages);
    Documentation.PLURAL_EXPR = new Function(
      "n",
      `return (${catalog.plural_expr})`
    );
    Documentation.LOCALE = catalog.locale;
  },
  /**
   * helper function to focus on search bar
   */
  focusSearchBar: () => {
    document.querySelectorAll("input[name=q]")[0]?.focus();
  },
  /**
   * Initialise the domain index toggle buttons
   */
  initDomainIndexTable: () => {
    const toggler = (el) => {
      const idNumber = el.id.substr(7);
      const toggledRows = document.querySelectorAll(`tr.cg-${idNumber}`);
      if (el.src.substr(-9) === "minus.png") {
        el.src = `${el.src.substr(0, el.src.length - 9)}plus.png`;
        toggledRows.forEach((el) => (el.style.display = "none"));
      } else {
        el.src = `${el.src.substr(0, el.src.length - 8)}minus.png`;
        toggledRows.forEach((el) => (el.style.display = ""));
      }
    };
    const togglerElements = document.querySelectorAll("img.toggler");
    togglerElements.forEach((el) =>
      el.addEventListener("click", (event) => toggler(event.currentTarget))
    );
    togglerElements.forEach((el) => (el.style.display = ""));
    if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.COLLAPSE_INDEX) togglerElements.forEach(toggler);
  },
  initOnKeyListeners: () => {
    // only install a listener if it is really needed
    if (
      !DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS &&
      !DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS
    )
      return;
    document.addEventListener("keydown", (event) => {
      // bail for input elements
      if (BLACKLISTED_KEY_CONTROL_ELEMENTS.has(document.activeElement.tagName)) return;
      // bail with special keys
      if (event.altKey || event.ctrlKey || event.metaKey) return;
      if (!event.shiftKey) {
        switch (event.key) {
          case "ArrowLeft":
            if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS) break;
            const prevLink = document.querySelector('link[rel="prev"]');
            if (prevLink && prevLink.href) {
              window.location.href = prevLink.href;
              event.preventDefault();
            }
            break;
          case "ArrowRight":
            if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS) break;
            const nextLink = document.querySelector('link[rel="next"]');
            if (nextLink && nextLink.href) {
              window.location.href = nextLink.href;
              event.preventDefault();
            }
            break;
        }
      }
      // some keyboard layouts may need Shift to get /
      switch (event.key) {
        case "/":
          if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS) break;
          Documentation.focusSearchBar();
          event.preventDefault();
      }
    });
  },
 };
 // quick alias for translations
 const _ = Documentation.gettext;
 _ready(Documentation.init);
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/documentation_options.js
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/documentation_options.js
@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
 const DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
    VERSION: '3.13.3',
    LANGUAGE: 'en',
    COLLAPSE_INDEX: false,
    BUILDER: 'html',
    FILE_SUFFIX: '.html',
    LINK_SUFFIX: '.html',
    HAS_SOURCE: true,
    SOURCELINK_SUFFIX: '.txt',
    NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS: false,
    SHOW_SEARCH_SUMMARY: true,
    ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS: true,
 };
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/file.png
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/file.png
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/glossary.json
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/glossary.json
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/glossary_search.js
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/glossary_search.js
@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
 "use strict";
 const GLOSSARY_PAGE = "glossary.html";
 const glossary_search = async () => {
  const response = await fetch("_static/glossary.json");
  if (!response.ok) {
    throw new Error("Failed to fetch glossary.json");
  }
  const glossary = await response.json();
  const params = new URLSearchParams(document.location.search).get("q");
  if (!params) {
    return;
  }
  const searchParam = params.toLowerCase();
  const glossaryItem = glossary[searchParam];
  if (!glossaryItem) {
    return;
  }
  // set up the title text with a link to the glossary page
  const glossaryTitle = document.getElementById("glossary-title");
  glossaryTitle.textContent = "Glossary: " + glossaryItem.title;
  const linkTarget = searchParam.replace(/ /g, "-");
  glossaryTitle.href = GLOSSARY_PAGE + "#term-" + linkTarget;
  // rewrite any anchor links (to other glossary terms)
  // to have a full reference to the glossary page
  const glossaryBody = document.getElementById("glossary-body");
  glossaryBody.innerHTML = glossaryItem.body;
  const anchorLinks = glossaryBody.querySelectorAll('a[href^="#"]');
  anchorLinks.forEach(function (link) {
    const currentUrl = link.getAttribute("href");
    link.href = GLOSSARY_PAGE + currentUrl;
  });
  const glossaryResult = document.getElementById("glossary-result");
  glossaryResult.style.display = "";
 };
 if (document.readyState !== "loading") {
  glossary_search().catch(console.error);
 } else {
  document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", glossary_search);
 }
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/language_data.js
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/language_data.js
@ -1,192 +0,0 @@
 /*
 * This script contains the language-specific data used by searchtools.js,
 * namely the list of stopwords, stemmer, scorer and splitter.
 */
 var stopwords = ["a", "and", "are", "as", "at", "be", "but", "by", "for", "if", "in", "into", "is", "it", "near", "no", "not", "of", "on", "or", "such", "that", "the", "their", "then", "there", "these", "they", "this", "to", "was", "will", "with"];
 /* Non-minified version is copied as a separate JS file, if available */
 /**
 * Porter Stemmer
 */
 var Stemmer = function() {
  var step2list = {
    ational: 'ate',
    tional: 'tion',
    enci: 'ence',
    anci: 'ance',
    izer: 'ize',
    bli: 'ble',
    alli: 'al',
    entli: 'ent',
    eli: 'e',
    ousli: 'ous',
    ization: 'ize',
    ation: 'ate',
    ator: 'ate',
    alism: 'al',
    iveness: 'ive',
    fulness: 'ful',
    ousness: 'ous',
    aliti: 'al',
    iviti: 'ive',
    biliti: 'ble',
    logi: 'log'
  };
  var step3list = {
    icate: 'ic',
    ative: '',
    alize: 'al',
    iciti: 'ic',
    ical: 'ic',
    ful: '',
    ness: ''
  };
  var c = "[^aeiou]";          // consonant
  var v = "[aeiouy]";          // vowel
  var C = c + "[^aeiouy]*";    // consonant sequence
  var V = v + "[aeiou]*";      // vowel sequence
  var mgr0 = "^(" + C + ")?" + V + C;                      // [C]VC... is m>0
  var meq1 = "^(" + C + ")?" + V + C + "(" + V + ")?$";    // [C]VC[V] is m=1
  var mgr1 = "^(" + C + ")?" + V + C + V + C;              // [C]VCVC... is m>1
  var s_v   = "^(" + C + ")?" + v;                         // vowel in stem
  this.stemWord = function (w) {
    var stem;
    var suffix;
    var firstch;
    var origword = w;
    if (w.length < 3)
      return w;
    var re;
    var re2;
    var re3;
    var re4;
    firstch = w.substr(0,1);
    if (firstch == "y")
      w = firstch.toUpperCase() + w.substr(1);
    // Step 1a
    re = /^(.+?)(ss|i)es$/;
    re2 = /^(.+?)([^s])s$/;
    if (re.test(w))
      w = w.replace(re,"$1$2");
    else if (re2.test(w))
      w = w.replace(re2,"$1$2");
    // Step 1b
    re = /^(.+?)eed$/;
    re2 = /^(.+?)(ed|ing)$/;
    if (re.test(w)) {
      var fp = re.exec(w);
      re = new RegExp(mgr0);
      if (re.test(fp[1])) {
        re = /.$/;
        w = w.replace(re,"");
      }
    }
    else if (re2.test(w)) {
      var fp = re2.exec(w);
      stem = fp[1];
      re2 = new RegExp(s_v);
      if (re2.test(stem)) {
        w = stem;
        re2 = /(at|bl|iz)$/;
        re3 = new RegExp("([^aeiouylsz])\\1$");
        re4 = new RegExp("^" + C + v + "[^aeiouwxy]$");
        if (re2.test(w))
          w = w + "e";
        else if (re3.test(w)) {
          re = /.$/;
          w = w.replace(re,"");
        }
        else if (re4.test(w))
          w = w + "e";
      }
    }
    // Step 1c
    re = /^(.+?)y$/;
    if (re.test(w)) {
      var fp = re.exec(w);
      stem = fp[1];
      re = new RegExp(s_v);
      if (re.test(stem))
        w = stem + "i";
    }
    // Step 2
    re = /^(.+?)(ational|tional|enci|anci|izer|bli|alli|entli|eli|ousli|ization|ation|ator|alism|iveness|fulness|ousness|aliti|iviti|biliti|logi)$/;
    if (re.test(w)) {
      var fp = re.exec(w);
      stem = fp[1];
      suffix = fp[2];
      re = new RegExp(mgr0);
      if (re.test(stem))
        w = stem + step2list[suffix];
    }
    // Step 3
    re = /^(.+?)(icate|ative|alize|iciti|ical|ful|ness)$/;
    if (re.test(w)) {
      var fp = re.exec(w);
      stem = fp[1];
      suffix = fp[2];
      re = new RegExp(mgr0);
      if (re.test(stem))
        w = stem + step3list[suffix];
    }
    // Step 4
    re = /^(.+?)(al|ance|ence|er|ic|able|ible|ant|ement|ment|ent|ou|ism|ate|iti|ous|ive|ize)$/;
    re2 = /^(.+?)(s|t)(ion)$/;
    if (re.test(w)) {
      var fp = re.exec(w);
      stem = fp[1];
      re = new RegExp(mgr1);
      if (re.test(stem))
        w = stem;
    }
    else if (re2.test(w)) {
      var fp = re2.exec(w);
      stem = fp[1] + fp[2];
      re2 = new RegExp(mgr1);
      if (re2.test(stem))
        w = stem;
    }
    // Step 5
    re = /^(.+?)e$/;
    if (re.test(w)) {
      var fp = re.exec(w);
      stem = fp[1];
      re = new RegExp(mgr1);
      re2 = new RegExp(meq1);
      re3 = new RegExp("^" + C + v + "[^aeiouwxy]$");
      if (re.test(stem) || (re2.test(stem) && !(re3.test(stem))))
        w = stem;
    }
    re = /ll$/;
    re2 = new RegExp(mgr1);
    if (re.test(w) && re2.test(w)) {
      re = /.$/;
      w = w.replace(re,"");
    }
    // and turn initial Y back to y
    if (firstch == "y")
      w = firstch.toLowerCase() + w.substr(1);
    return w;
  }
 }
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/menu.js
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/menu.js
@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
 document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function () {
    // Make tables responsive by wrapping them in a div and making them scrollable
    const tables = document.querySelectorAll("table.docutils")
    tables.forEach(function(table){
        table.outerHTML = '<div class="responsive-table__container">' + table.outerHTML + "</div>"
    })
    const togglerInput = document.querySelector(".toggler__input")
    const togglerLabel = document.querySelector(".toggler__label")
    const sideMenu = document.querySelector(".menu-wrapper")
    const menuItems = document.querySelectorAll(".menu")
    const doc = document.querySelector(".document")
    const body = document.querySelector("body")
    function closeMenu() {
        togglerInput.checked = false
        sideMenu.setAttribute("aria-expanded", "false")
        sideMenu.setAttribute("aria-hidden", "true")
        togglerLabel.setAttribute("aria-pressed", "false")
        body.style.overflow = "visible"
    }
    function openMenu() {
        togglerInput.checked = true
        sideMenu.setAttribute("aria-expanded", "true")
        sideMenu.setAttribute("aria-hidden", "false")
        togglerLabel.setAttribute("aria-pressed", "true")
        body.style.overflow = "hidden"
    }
    // Close menu when link on the sideMenu is clicked
    sideMenu.addEventListener("click", function (event) {
        let target = event.target
        if (target.tagName.toLowerCase() !== "a") {
            return
        }
        closeMenu()
    })
    // Add accessibility data when sideMenu is opened/closed
    togglerInput.addEventListener("change", function (_event) {
        togglerInput.checked ? openMenu() : closeMenu()
    })
    // Make sideMenu links tabbable only when visible
    for(let menuItem of menuItems) {
        if(togglerInput.checked) {
          menuItem.setAttribute("tabindex", "0")
        } else {
          menuItem.setAttribute("tabindex", "-1")
        }
    }
    // Close sideMenu when document body is clicked
    doc.addEventListener("click", function () {
        if (togglerInput.checked) {
            closeMenu()
        }
    })
 })
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/minus.png
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/minus.png
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/og-image.png
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/og-image.png
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/opensearch.xml
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/opensearch.xml
@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <OpenSearchDescription xmlns="http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearch/1.1/">
  <ShortName>Python</ShortName>
  <Description>Search Python 3.13.3 documentation</Description>
  <InputEncoding>utf-8</InputEncoding>
  <Url type="text/html" method="get"
       template="https://docs.python.org/3.13/search.html?q={searchTerms}"/>
  <LongName>Python 3.13.3 documentation</LongName>
 <Image height="16" width="16" type="image/x-icon">https://www.python.org/images/favicon16x16.ico</Image>
 </OpenSearchDescription>
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/plus.png
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/plus.png
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/py.png
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/py.png
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/py.svg
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/py.svg
@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
 <svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/pydoctheme.css
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/pydoctheme.css
@ -1,766 +0,0 @@
@import url('classic.css');
 /* Common colours */
 :root {
    --good-color: rgb(41 100 51);
    --good-border: rgb(79 196 100);
    --middle-color: rgb(133 72 38);
    --middle-border: rgb(244, 227, 76);
    --bad-color: rgb(159 49 51);
    --bad-border: rgb(244, 76, 78);
 }
 /* unset some styles from the classic stylesheet */
 div.document,
 div.body,
 div.related,
 div.body h1,
 div.body h2,
 div.body h3,
 div.body h4,
 div.body h5,
 div.body h6,
 div.sphinxsidebar a,
 div.sphinxsidebar p,
 div.sphinxsidebar ul,
 div.sphinxsidebar h3,
 div.sphinxsidebar h3 a,
 div.sphinxsidebar h4,
 .menu a,
 .menu p,
 .menu ul,
 .menu h3,
 .menu h3 a,
 .menu h4,
 table.docutils td,
 table.indextable tr.cap,
 pre {
    background-color: inherit;
    color: inherit;
 }
 /* Add underlines to links */
 a[href] {
    text-decoration: underline 1px;
 }
 /* Increase the underline offset for code to avoid obscuring underscores */
 a[href]:has(> code) {
    text-underline-offset: 0.25em;
 }
 /* No underline for navigation */
 a.headerlink,
 div.genindex-jumpbox a,
 div.modindex-jumpbox a,
 div#search-results a,
 div.sphinxsidebar a,
 div.toctree-wrapper a,
 div[role=navigation] a,
 table.contentstable a,
 table.indextable a {
    text-decoration: none;
 }
 /* Except when hovered */
 div.genindex-jumpbox a:hover,
 div.modindex-jumpbox a:hover,
 div#search-results a:hover,
 div.sphinxsidebar a:hover,
 div.toctree-wrapper a:hover,
 div[role=navigation] a:hover,
 table.contentstable a:hover,
 table.indextable a:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
    text-underline-offset: auto;
 }
 body {
    margin-left: 1em;
    margin-right: 1em;
 }
 .mobile-nav,
 .menu-wrapper {
    display: none;
 }
 div.related {
    margin-top: 0.5em;
    margin-bottom: 1.2em;
    padding: 0.5em 0;
    border-width: 1px;
    border-color: #ccc;
 }
 .mobile-nav + div.related {
    border-bottom-style: solid;
 }
 .document + div.related {
    border-top-style: solid;
 }
 div.related a:hover {
    color: #0095c4;
 }
 .related .switchers {
    display: inline-flex;
 }
 .switchers > div {
    margin-right: 5px;
 }
 div.related ul::after {
    content: '';
    clear: both;
    display: block;
 }
 .inline-search,
 form.inline-search input {
    display: inline;
 }
 form.inline-search input[type='submit'] {
    width: 40px;
 }
 div.document {
    display: flex;
    /* Don't let long code literals extend beyond the right side of the screen */
    overflow-wrap: break-word;
 }
 /* Don't let long code literals extend beyond the right side of the screen */
 span.pre {
    white-space: unset;
 }
 div.sphinxsidebar {
    display: flex;
    width: min(25vw, 350px);
    float: none;
    position: sticky;
    top: 0;
    max-height: 100vh;
    color: #444;
    background-color: #eee;
    border-radius: 5px;
    line-height: 130%;
    font-size: smaller;
 }
 div.sphinxsidebar h3,
 div.sphinxsidebar h4 {
    margin-top: 1.5em;
 }
 div.bodywrapper {
    margin-left: min(25vw, 350px);
 }
 div.sphinxsidebarwrapper {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    height: 100%;
    overflow-x: hidden;
    overflow-y: auto;
    float: none;
    flex-grow: 1;
 }
 div.sphinxsidebarwrapper > h3:first-child {
    margin-top: 0.2em;
 }
 div.sphinxsidebarwrapper > ul > li > ul > li {
    margin-bottom: 0.4em;
 }
 div.sphinxsidebar a:hover {
    color: #0095c4;
 }
 form.inline-search input,
 div.sphinxsidebar input,
 div.related input {
    font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, avenir next, avenir, segoe ui, helvetica neue, helvetica, Cantarell, Ubuntu, roboto, noto, arial, sans-serif;
    border: 1px solid #999999;
    font-size: smaller;
    border-radius: 3px;
 }
 div.sphinxsidebar input[type='text'] {
    max-width: 150px;
 }
 #sidebarbutton {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    /* Sphinx 4.x and earlier compat */
    height: 100%;
    background-color: #CCCCCC;
    margin-left: 0;
    color: #444444;
    font-size: 1.2em;
    cursor: pointer;
    padding-top: 1px;
    float: none;
    /* after Sphinx 4.x and earlier is dropped, only the below is needed */
    width: 12px;
    min-width: 12px;
    border-radius: 0 5px 5px 0;
    border-left: none;
 }
 #sidebarbutton:hover {
    background-color: #AAAAAA;
 }
 div.body {
    padding: 0 0 0 1.2em;
 }
 div.body p, div.body dd, div.body li, div.body blockquote {
    text-align: left;
    line-height: 1.6;
 }
 div.body h1, div.body h2, div.body h3, div.body h4, div.body h5, div.body h6 {
    margin: 0;
    border: 0;
    padding: 0.3em 0;
 }
 div.body hr {
    border: 0;
    background-color: #ccc;
    height: 1px;
 }
 div.body pre {
    border-radius: 3px;
    border: 1px solid #ac9;
 }
 /* Admonitions */
 :root {
    --admonition-background: #eee;
    --admonition-border: #ccc;
    --admonition-color: black;
    --attention-background: #bbddff5c;
    --attention-border: #0000ff36;
    --caution-background: #ffc;
    --caution-border: #dd6;
    --danger-background: #ffe4e4;
    --danger-border: red;
    --error-background: #ffe4e4;
    --error-border: red;
    --hint-background: #dfd;
    --hint-border: green;
    --seealso-background: #ffc;
    --seealso-border: #dd6;
    --tip-background: #dfd;
    --tip-border: green;
    --warning-background: #ffe4e4;
    --warning-border: red;
 }
 div.body div.admonition {
    background-color: var(--admonition-background);
    border: 1px solid var(--admonition-border);
    border-radius: 3px;
    color: var(--admonition-color);
 }
 div.body div.admonition.attention {
    background-color: var(--attention-background);
    border-color: var(--attention-border);
 }
 div.body div.admonition.caution {
    background-color: var(--caution-background);
    border-color: var(--caution-border);
 }
 div.body div.admonition.danger {
    background-color: var(--danger-background);
    border-color: var(--danger-border);
 }
 div.body div.admonition.error {
    background-color: var(--error-background);
    border-color: var(--error-border);
 }
 div.body div.admonition.hint {
    background-color: var(--hint-background);
    border-color: var(--hint-border);
 }
 div.body div.admonition.seealso {
    background-color: var(--seealso-background);
    border-color: var(--seealso-border);
 }
 div.body div.admonition.tip {
    background-color: var(--tip-background);
    border-color: var(--tip-border);
 }
 div.body div.admonition.warning {
    background-color: var(--warning-background);
    border-color: var(--warning-border);
 }
 div.body div.impl-detail {
    border-radius: 3px;
 }
 div.body div.impl-detail > p {
    margin: 0;
 }
 div.body a {
    color: #0072aa;
 }
 div.body a:visited {
    color: #6363bb;
 }
 div.body a:hover {
    color: #00b0e4;
 }
 tt, code, pre {
    font-family: Menlo, Consolas, Monaco, Liberation Mono, Lucida Console, monospace;
    font-size: 96.5%;
 }
 div.body tt,
 div.body code {
    border-radius: 3px;
 }
 div.body tt.descname,
 div.body code.descname {
    font-size: 120%;
 }
 div.body tt.xref,
 div.body a tt,
 div.body code.xref,
 div.body a code {
    font-weight: normal;
 }
 table.docutils {
    border: 1px solid #ddd;
    min-width: 20%;
    border-radius: 3px;
    margin-top: 10px;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
 }
 table.docutils td,
 table.docutils th {
    border: 1px solid #ddd !important;
    border-radius: 3px;
    padding: 0.3em 0.5em;
 }
 table p,
 table li {
    text-align: left !important;
 }
 table.docutils th {
    background-color: #eee;
 }
 table.footnote,
 table.footnote td {
    border: 0 !important;
 }
 div.footer {
    line-height: 150%;
    text-align: right;
    width: auto;
    margin-right: 10px;
 }
 div.footer a {
    text-underline-offset: auto;
 }
 div.footer a:hover {
    color: #0095c4;
 }
 /* C API return value annotations */
 :root {
    --refcount: var(--good-color);
    --refcount-return-borrowed-ref: var(--middle-color);
 }
 .refcount {
    color: var(--refcount);
 }
 .refcount.return_borrowed_ref {
    color: var(--refcount-return-borrowed-ref)
 }
 .stableabi {
    color: #229;
 }
 dl > dt span ~ em,
 .sig {
    font-family: Menlo, Consolas, Monaco, Liberation Mono, Lucida Console, monospace;
 }
 .toctree-wrapper ul {
    padding-left: 20px;
 }
 .theme-selector {
    margin-left: .5em;
 }
 div.genindex-jumpbox,
 div.genindex-jumpbox > p {
    display: inline-flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
 }
 div.genindex-jumpbox a {
    margin: 0 5px;
    min-width: 30px;
    text-align: center;
 }
 .copybutton {
    cursor: pointer;
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    right: 0;
    font-family: Menlo, Consolas, Monaco, Liberation Mono, Lucida Console, monospace;
    padding-left: 0.2em;
    padding-right: 0.2em;
    border-radius: 0 3px 0 0;
    color: #ac9; /* follows div.body pre */
    border-color: #ac9; /* follows div.body pre */
    border-style: solid; /* follows div.body pre */
    border-width: 1px; /* follows div.body pre */
 }
 .copybutton[data-hidden='true'] {
    text-decoration: line-through;
 }
@media (max-width: 1023px) {
    /* Body layout */
    div.body {
        min-width: 100%;
        padding: 0;
        font-size: 0.875rem;
    }
    div.bodywrapper {
        margin: 0;
    }
    /* Typography */
    div.body h1 {
        font-size: 1.625rem;
    }
    div.body h2 {
        font-size: 1.25rem;
    }
    div.body h3, div.body h4, div.body h5 {
        font-size: 1rem;
    }
    /* Override default styles to make more readable */
    div.body ul {
        padding-inline-start: 1rem;
    }
    div.body blockquote {
        margin-inline-start: 1rem;
        margin-inline-end: 0;
    }
    /* Remove sidebar and top related bar */
    div.related, div.sphinxsidebar {
        display: none;
    }
    /* Anchorlinks are not hidden by fixed-positioned navbar when scrolled to */
    html {
        scroll-padding-top: 40px;
    }
    body {
        margin-top: 40px;
    }
    /* Top navigation bar */
    .mobile-nav {
        display: block;
        height: 40px;
        width: 100%;
        position: fixed;
        top: 0;
        left: 0;
        box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25) 0 0 2px 0;
        z-index: 1;
    }
    .mobile-nav * {
        box-sizing: border-box;
    }
    .nav-content {
        position: absolute;
        z-index: 1;
        height: 40px;
        width: 100%;
        display: flex;
        background-color: white;
    }
    .nav-items-wrapper {
        display: flex;
        flex: auto;
        padding: .25rem;
        align-items: stretch;
    }
    .nav-logo {
        margin-right: 1rem;
        flex-shrink: 0;
        align-self: center;
    }
    .nav-content img {
        display: block;
        width: 20px;
    }
    .version_switcher_placeholder {
        margin-right: 1rem;
    }
    .version_switcher_placeholder > select {
        height: 100%;
    }
    .nav-content .search {
        display: flex;
        flex: auto;
        border: 1px solid #a9a9a9;
        align-items: stretch;
    }
    .nav-content .search input[type=search] {
        border: 0;
        padding-left: 24px;
        width: 100%;
        flex: 1;
    }
    .nav-content .search input[type=submit] {
        height: 100%;
        box-shadow: none;
        border: 0;
        border-left: 1px solid #a9a9a9;
        cursor: pointer;
        margin-right: 0;
    }
    .nav-content .search svg {
        position: absolute;
        align-self: center;
        padding-left: 4px;
    }
    .toggler__input {
        display: none;
    }
    .toggler__label {
        width: 40px;
        cursor: pointer;
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        justify-content: center;
        padding: 8px;
        flex-shrink: 0;
    }
    .toggler__label:hover, .toggler__label:focus {
        background-color: rgba(127 127 127 / 50%);
    }
    .toggler__label > span {
        position: relative;
        flex: none;
        height: 2px;
        width: 100%;
        background: currentColor;
        transition: all 400ms ease;
    }
    .toggler__label > span::before,
    .toggler__label > span::after {
        content: '';
        height: 2px;
        width: 100%;
        background: inherit;
        position: absolute;
        left: 0;
        top: -8px;
    }
    .toggler__label > span::after {
        top: 8px;
    }
    .toggler__input:checked ~ nav > .toggler__label span {
        transform: rotate(135deg);
    }
    .toggler__input:checked ~ nav > .toggler__label span::before {
        transform: rotate(90deg);
    }
    .toggler__input:checked ~ nav > .toggler__label span::before,
    .toggler__input:checked ~ nav > .toggler__label span::after {
        top: 0;
    }
    .toggler__input:checked:hover ~ nav > .toggler__label span {
        transform: rotate(315deg);
    }
    .toggler__input:checked ~ .menu-wrapper {
        visibility: visible;
        left: 0;
    }
    /* Sliding side menu */
    .menu-wrapper {
        display: block;
        position: fixed;
        top: 0;
        transition: left 400ms ease;
        left: -310px;
        width: 300px;
        height: 100%;
        background-color: #eee;
        color: #444444;
        box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
        overflow-y: auto;
    }
    .menu-wrapper.open {
        visibility: visible;
        left: 0;
    }
    .menu {
        padding: 40px 10px 30px 20px;
    }
    .menu-wrapper h3,
    .menu-wrapper h4 {
        margin-bottom: 0;
        font-weight: normal;
    }
    .menu-wrapper h4 {
        font-size: 1.3em;
    }
    .menu-wrapper h3 {
        font-size: 1.4em;
    }
    .menu-wrapper h3 + p,
    .menu-wrapper h4 + p {
        margin-top: 0.5rem;
    }
    .menu a {
        font-size: smaller;
        text-decoration: none;
    }
    .menu ul {
        list-style: none;
        line-height: 1.4;
        overflow-wrap: break-word;
        padding-left: 0;
    }
    .menu ul ul {
        margin-left: 20px;
        list-style: square;
    }
    .menu ul li {
        margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    }
    .language_switcher_placeholder {
        margin-top: 2rem;
    }
    .language_switcher_placeholder select {
        width: 100%;
    }
    .document {
        position: relative;
        z-index: 0;
    }
    /*Responsive tables*/
    .responsive-table__container {
        width: 100%;
        overflow-x: auto;
    }
    .menu .theme-selector-label {
        margin-top: .5em;
        display: flex;
        width: 100%;
    }
    .menu .theme-selector {
        flex: auto;
    }
 }
@media (min-width: 1024px) {
    div.footer {
        margin-top: -2em;
    }
 }
 /* Version change directives */
 :root {
    --versionadded: var(--good-color);
    --versionchanged: var(--middle-color);
    --deprecated: var(--bad-color);
    --versionadded-border: var(--good-border);
    --versionchanged-border: var(--middle-border);
    --deprecated-border: var(--bad-border);
 }
 div.versionadded,
 div.versionchanged,
 div.deprecated,
 div.deprecated-removed {
    border-left: 3px solid;
    padding: 0 1rem;
 }
 div.versionadded {
    border-left-color: var(--versionadded-border);
 }
 div.versionchanged {
    border-left-color: var(--versionchanged-border);
 }
 div.deprecated,
 div.deprecated-removed,
 div.versionremoved {
    border-left-color: var(--deprecated-border);
 }
 div.versionadded .versionmodified {
    color: var(--versionadded);
 }
 div.versionchanged .versionmodified {
    color: var(--versionchanged);
 }
 div.deprecated .versionmodified,
 div.deprecated-removed .versionmodified,
 div.versionremoved .versionmodified {
    color: var(--deprecated);
 }
 /* Hide header when printing */
@media print {
    div.mobile-nav {
        display: none;
    }
 }
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/pydoctheme_dark.css
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/pydoctheme_dark.css
@ -1,178 +0,0 @@
 /* Common colours */
 :root {
    --good-color: rgb(79 196 100);
    --good-border: var(--good-color);
    --middle-color: rgb(244, 227, 76);
    --middle-border: var(--middle-color);
    --bad-color: rgb(244, 76, 78);
    --bad-border: var(--bad-color);
 }
 /* Browser elements */
 :root {
    scrollbar-color: #616161 transparent;
    color-scheme: dark;
 }
 html,
 body {
    background-color: #222;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.87);
 }
 div.related {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7); /* classic overwrite */
    border-color: #424242;
 }
 /* SIDEBAR */
 div.sphinxsidebar, .menu-wrapper {
    background-color: #333;
    color: inherit;
 }
 #sidebarbutton {
    /* important to overwrite style attribute */
    background-color: #555 !important;
    color: inherit !important;
 }
 div.sidebar, aside.sidebar {
    background-color: #424242;
    border-color: #616161;
 }
 /* ANCHORS AND HIGHLIGHTS */
 div.body a {
    color: #7af;
 }
 div.body a:visited {
    color: #09e;
 }
 a.headerlink:hover {
    background-color: #424242;
 }
 div.related a {
    color: currentColor;
 }
 div.footer,
 div.footer a {
    color: currentColor; /* classic overwrites */
 }
 dt:target,
 span.highlighted {
    background-color: #616161;
 }
 .footnote:target {
    background-color: #2c3e50;
 }
 /* Below for most things in text */
 dl.field-list > dt {
    background-color: #434;
 }
 table.docutils td,
 table.docutils th {
    border-color: #616161 !important;
 }
 table.docutils th {
    background-color: #424242;
 }
 .stableabi {
    color: #bbf;
 }
 div.body pre {
    border-color: #616161;
 }
 code {
    background-color: #424242;
 }
 div.body div.seealso {
    background-color: rgba(255, 255, 0, 0.1);
 }
 div.warning {
    background-color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.2);
 }
 .warning code {
    background-color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.5);
 }
 /* Admonitions */
 :root {
    --admonition-background: #ffffff1a;
    --admonition-border: currentColor;
    --admonition-color: #ffffffde;
    --attention-background: #ffffff1a;
    --attention-border: currentColor;
    --caution-background: #ffff001a;
    --caution-border: #dd6;
    --danger-background: #f003;
    --danger-border: #f66;
    --error-background: #f003;
    --error-border: #f66;
    --hint-background: #0044117a;
    --hint-border: green;
    --seealso-background: #ffff001a;
    --seealso-border: #dd6;
    --tip-background: #0044117a;
    --tip-border: green;
    --warning-background: #ff000033;
    --warning-border: #ff6666;
 }
 aside.topic,
 div.topic,
 div.note,
 nav.contents {
    background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    border-color: currentColor;
 }
 .note code {
    background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
 }
 .mobile-nav {
    box-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25) 0 0 2px 0;
 }
 .nav-content {
    background-color: black;
 }
 img.invert-in-dark-mode {
    filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(.5turn);
 }
 /* -- object description styles --------------------------------------------- */
 /* C++ specific styling */
 /* Override Sphinx's basic.css to fix colour contrast */
 .sig.c   .k, .sig.c   .kt,
 .sig.cpp .k, .sig.cpp .kt {
    color: #5283ff;
 }
 /* Version change directives */
 :root {
    --versionadded: var(--good-color);
    --versionchanged: var(--middle-color);
    --deprecated: var(--bad-color);
 }
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/pygments.css
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/pygments.css
@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
 pre { line-height: 125%; }
 td.linenos .normal { color: inherit; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; }
 span.linenos { color: inherit; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; }
 td.linenos .special { color: #000000; background-color: #ffffc0; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; }
 span.linenos.special { color: #000000; background-color: #ffffc0; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; }
 .highlight .hll { background-color: #ffffcc }
 .highlight { background: #f8f8f8; }
 .highlight .c { color: #3D7B7B; font-style: italic } /* Comment */
 .highlight .err { border: 1px solid #F00 } /* Error */
 .highlight .k { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword */
 .highlight .o { color: #666 } /* Operator */
 .highlight .ch { color: #3D7B7B; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Hashbang */
 .highlight .cm { color: #3D7B7B; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Multiline */
 .highlight .cp { color: #9C6500 } /* Comment.Preproc */
 .highlight .cpf { color: #3D7B7B; font-style: italic } /* Comment.PreprocFile */
 .highlight .c1 { color: #3D7B7B; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Single */
 .highlight .cs { color: #3D7B7B; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Special */
 .highlight .gd { color: #A00000 } /* Generic.Deleted */
 .highlight .ge { font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */
 .highlight .ges { font-weight: bold; font-style: italic } /* Generic.EmphStrong */
 .highlight .gr { color: #E40000 } /* Generic.Error */
 .highlight .gh { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Heading */
 .highlight .gi { color: #008400 } /* Generic.Inserted */
 .highlight .go { color: #717171 } /* Generic.Output */
 .highlight .gp { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Prompt */
 .highlight .gs { font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Strong */
 .highlight .gu { color: #800080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Subheading */
 .highlight .gt { color: #04D } /* Generic.Traceback */
 .highlight .kc { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Constant */
 .highlight .kd { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Declaration */
 .highlight .kn { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Namespace */
 .highlight .kp { color: #008000 } /* Keyword.Pseudo */
 .highlight .kr { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Reserved */
 .highlight .kt { color: #B00040 } /* Keyword.Type */
 .highlight .m { color: #666 } /* Literal.Number */
 .highlight .s { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String */
 .highlight .na { color: #687822 } /* Name.Attribute */
 .highlight .nb { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin */
 .highlight .nc { color: #00F; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Class */
 .highlight .no { color: #800 } /* Name.Constant */
 .highlight .nd { color: #A2F } /* Name.Decorator */
 .highlight .ni { color: #717171; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Entity */
 .highlight .ne { color: #CB3F38; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Exception */
 .highlight .nf { color: #00F } /* Name.Function */
 .highlight .nl { color: #767600 } /* Name.Label */
 .highlight .nn { color: #00F; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Namespace */
 .highlight .nt { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Tag */
 .highlight .nv { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable */
 .highlight .ow { color: #A2F; font-weight: bold } /* Operator.Word */
 .highlight .w { color: #BBB } /* Text.Whitespace */
 .highlight .mb { color: #666 } /* Literal.Number.Bin */
 .highlight .mf { color: #666 } /* Literal.Number.Float */
 .highlight .mh { color: #666 } /* Literal.Number.Hex */
 .highlight .mi { color: #666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer */
 .highlight .mo { color: #666 } /* Literal.Number.Oct */
 .highlight .sa { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Affix */
 .highlight .sb { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Backtick */
 .highlight .sc { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Char */
 .highlight .dl { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Delimiter */
 .highlight .sd { color: #BA2121; font-style: italic } /* Literal.String.Doc */
 .highlight .s2 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Double */
 .highlight .se { color: #AA5D1F; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Escape */
 .highlight .sh { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
 .highlight .si { color: #A45A77; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Interpol */
 .highlight .sx { color: #008000 } /* Literal.String.Other */
 .highlight .sr { color: #A45A77 } /* Literal.String.Regex */
 .highlight .s1 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Single */
 .highlight .ss { color: #19177C } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
 .highlight .bp { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */
 .highlight .fm { color: #00F } /* Name.Function.Magic */
 .highlight .vc { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Class */
 .highlight .vg { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Global */
 .highlight .vi { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
 .highlight .vm { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Magic */
 .highlight .il { color: #666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/pygments_dark.css
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/pygments_dark.css
@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
 pre { line-height: 125%; }
 td.linenos .normal { color: inherit; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; }
 span.linenos { color: inherit; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; }
 td.linenos .special { color: #000000; background-color: #ffffc0; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; }
 span.linenos.special { color: #000000; background-color: #ffffc0; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; }
 .highlight .hll { background-color: #49483e }
 .highlight { background: #272822; color: #F8F8F2 }
 .highlight .c { color: #959077 } /* Comment */
 .highlight .err { color: #ED007E; background-color: #1E0010 } /* Error */
 .highlight .esc { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Escape */
 .highlight .g { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Generic */
 .highlight .k { color: #66D9EF } /* Keyword */
 .highlight .l { color: #AE81FF } /* Literal */
 .highlight .n { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Name */
 .highlight .o { color: #FF4689 } /* Operator */
 .highlight .x { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Other */
 .highlight .p { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Punctuation */
 .highlight .ch { color: #959077 } /* Comment.Hashbang */
 .highlight .cm { color: #959077 } /* Comment.Multiline */
 .highlight .cp { color: #959077 } /* Comment.Preproc */
 .highlight .cpf { color: #959077 } /* Comment.PreprocFile */
 .highlight .c1 { color: #959077 } /* Comment.Single */
 .highlight .cs { color: #959077 } /* Comment.Special */
 .highlight .gd { color: #FF4689 } /* Generic.Deleted */
 .highlight .ge { color: #F8F8F2; font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */
 .highlight .ges { color: #F8F8F2; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic } /* Generic.EmphStrong */
 .highlight .gr { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Generic.Error */
 .highlight .gh { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Generic.Heading */
 .highlight .gi { color: #A6E22E } /* Generic.Inserted */
 .highlight .go { color: #66D9EF } /* Generic.Output */
 .highlight .gp { color: #FF4689; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Prompt */
 .highlight .gs { color: #F8F8F2; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Strong */
 .highlight .gu { color: #959077 } /* Generic.Subheading */
 .highlight .gt { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Generic.Traceback */
 .highlight .kc { color: #66D9EF } /* Keyword.Constant */
 .highlight .kd { color: #66D9EF } /* Keyword.Declaration */
 .highlight .kn { color: #FF4689 } /* Keyword.Namespace */
 .highlight .kp { color: #66D9EF } /* Keyword.Pseudo */
 .highlight .kr { color: #66D9EF } /* Keyword.Reserved */
 .highlight .kt { color: #66D9EF } /* Keyword.Type */
 .highlight .ld { color: #E6DB74 } /* Literal.Date */
 .highlight .m { color: #AE81FF } /* Literal.Number */
 .highlight .s { color: #E6DB74 } /* Literal.String */
 .highlight .na { color: #A6E22E } /* Name.Attribute */
 .highlight .nb { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Name.Builtin */
 .highlight .nc { color: #A6E22E } /* Name.Class */
 .highlight .no { color: #66D9EF } /* Name.Constant */
 .highlight .nd { color: #A6E22E } /* Name.Decorator */
 .highlight .ni { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Name.Entity */
 .highlight .ne { color: #A6E22E } /* Name.Exception */
 .highlight .nf { color: #A6E22E } /* Name.Function */
 .highlight .nl { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Name.Label */
 .highlight .nn { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Name.Namespace */
 .highlight .nx { color: #A6E22E } /* Name.Other */
 .highlight .py { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Name.Property */
 .highlight .nt { color: #FF4689 } /* Name.Tag */
 .highlight .nv { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Name.Variable */
 .highlight .ow { color: #FF4689 } /* Operator.Word */
 .highlight .pm { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Punctuation.Marker */
 .highlight .w { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Text.Whitespace */
 .highlight .mb { color: #AE81FF } /* Literal.Number.Bin */
 .highlight .mf { color: #AE81FF } /* Literal.Number.Float */
 .highlight .mh { color: #AE81FF } /* Literal.Number.Hex */
 .highlight .mi { color: #AE81FF } /* Literal.Number.Integer */
 .highlight .mo { color: #AE81FF } /* Literal.Number.Oct */
 .highlight .sa { color: #E6DB74 } /* Literal.String.Affix */
 .highlight .sb { color: #E6DB74 } /* Literal.String.Backtick */
 .highlight .sc { color: #E6DB74 } /* Literal.String.Char */
 .highlight .dl { color: #E6DB74 } /* Literal.String.Delimiter */
 .highlight .sd { color: #E6DB74 } /* Literal.String.Doc */
 .highlight .s2 { color: #E6DB74 } /* Literal.String.Double */
 .highlight .se { color: #AE81FF } /* Literal.String.Escape */
 .highlight .sh { color: #E6DB74 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
 .highlight .si { color: #E6DB74 } /* Literal.String.Interpol */
 .highlight .sx { color: #E6DB74 } /* Literal.String.Other */
 .highlight .sr { color: #E6DB74 } /* Literal.String.Regex */
 .highlight .s1 { color: #E6DB74 } /* Literal.String.Single */
 .highlight .ss { color: #E6DB74 } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
 .highlight .bp { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */
 .highlight .fm { color: #A6E22E } /* Name.Function.Magic */
 .highlight .vc { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Name.Variable.Class */
 .highlight .vg { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Name.Variable.Global */
 .highlight .vi { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
 .highlight .vm { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Name.Variable.Magic */
 .highlight .il { color: #AE81FF } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/rtd_switcher.js
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/rtd_switcher.js
@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
 function onSwitch(event) {
     const option = event.target.selectedIndex;
     const item = event.target.options[option];
     window.location.href = item.dataset.url;
 }
 document.addEventListener("readthedocs-addons-data-ready", function(event) {
   const config = event.detail.data()
   const versionSelect = `
   <select id="version_select" aria-label="Python version">
   ${ config.versions.active.map(
       (version) => `
       <option
           value="${ version.slug }"
           ${ config.versions.current.slug === version.slug ? 'selected="selected"' : '' }
           data-url="${ version.urls.documentation }">
           ${ version.slug }
       </option>`
   ).join("\n") }
   </select>
   `;
   // Prepend the current language to the options on the selector
   let languages = config.projects.translations.concat(config.projects.current);
   languages = languages.sort((a, b) => a.language.name.localeCompare(b.language.name));
   const languageSelect = `
   <select id="language_select" aria-label="Language">
   ${ languages.map(
       (translation) => `
       <option
           value="${ translation.slug }"
           ${ config.projects.current.slug === translation.slug ? 'selected="selected"' : '' }
           data-url="${ translation.urls.documentation }">
           ${ translation.language.name }
       </option>`
   ).join("\n") }
   </select>
   `;
   // Query all the placeholders because there are different ones for Desktop/Mobile
   const versionPlaceholders = document.querySelectorAll(".version_switcher_placeholder");
   for (placeholder of versionPlaceholders) {
       placeholder.innerHTML = versionSelect;
       let selectElement = placeholder.querySelector("select");
       selectElement.addEventListener("change", onSwitch);
   }
   const languagePlaceholders = document.querySelectorAll(".language_switcher_placeholder");
   for (placeholder of languagePlaceholders) {
       placeholder.innerHTML = languageSelect;
       let selectElement = placeholder.querySelector("select");
       selectElement.addEventListener("change", onSwitch);
   }
 });
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/search-focus.js
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/search-focus.js
@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
 function isInputFocused() {
  const activeElement = document.activeElement;
  return (
    activeElement.tagName === 'INPUT' ||
    activeElement.tagName === 'TEXTAREA' ||
    activeElement.isContentEditable
  );
 }
 document.addEventListener('keydown', function(event) {
  if (event.key === '/') {
    if (!isInputFocused()) {
      // Prevent "/" from being entered in the search box
      event.preventDefault();
      // Set the focus on the search box
      const searchBox = document.getElementById('search-box');
      searchBox.focus();
    }
  }
 });
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/searchtools.js
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/searchtools.js
@ -1,635 +0,0 @@
 /*
 * Sphinx JavaScript utilities for the full-text search.
 */
 "use strict";
 /**
 * Simple result scoring code.
 */
 if (typeof Scorer === "undefined") {
  var Scorer = {
    // Implement the following function to further tweak the score for each result
    // The function takes a result array [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename]
    // and returns the new score.
    /*
    score: result => {
      const [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename, kind] = result
      return score
    },
    */
    // query matches the full name of an object
    objNameMatch: 11,
    // or matches in the last dotted part of the object name
    objPartialMatch: 6,
    // Additive scores depending on the priority of the object
    objPrio: {
      0: 15, // used to be importantResults
      1: 5, // used to be objectResults
      2: -5, // used to be unimportantResults
    },
    //  Used when the priority is not in the mapping.
    objPrioDefault: 0,
    // query found in title
    title: 15,
    partialTitle: 7,
    // query found in terms
    term: 5,
    partialTerm: 2,
  };
 }
 // Global search result kind enum, used by themes to style search results.
 class SearchResultKind {
    static get index() { return  "index"; }
    static get object() { return "object"; }
    static get text() { return "text"; }
    static get title() { return "title"; }
 }
 const _removeChildren = (element) => {
  while (element && element.lastChild) element.removeChild(element.lastChild);
 };
 /**
 * See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Regular_Expressions#escaping
 */
 const _escapeRegExp = (string) =>
  string.replace(/[.*+\-?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, "\\$&"); // $& means the whole matched string
 const _displayItem = (item, searchTerms, highlightTerms) => {
  const docBuilder = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.BUILDER;
  const docFileSuffix = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.FILE_SUFFIX;
  const docLinkSuffix = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.LINK_SUFFIX;
  const showSearchSummary = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.SHOW_SEARCH_SUMMARY;
  const contentRoot = document.documentElement.dataset.content_root;
  const [docName, title, anchor, descr, score, _filename, kind] = item;
  let listItem = document.createElement("li");
  // Add a class representing the item's type:
  // can be used by a theme's CSS selector for styling
  // See SearchResultKind for the class names.
  listItem.classList.add(`kind-${kind}`);
  let requestUrl;
  let linkUrl;
  if (docBuilder === "dirhtml") {
    // dirhtml builder
    let dirname = docName + "/";
    if (dirname.match(/\/index\/$/))
      dirname = dirname.substring(0, dirname.length - 6);
    else if (dirname === "index/") dirname = "";
    requestUrl = contentRoot + dirname;
    linkUrl = requestUrl;
  } else {
    // normal html builders
    requestUrl = contentRoot + docName + docFileSuffix;
    linkUrl = docName + docLinkSuffix;
  }
  let linkEl = listItem.appendChild(document.createElement("a"));
  linkEl.href = linkUrl + anchor;
  linkEl.dataset.score = score;
  linkEl.innerHTML = title;
  if (descr) {
    listItem.appendChild(document.createElement("span")).innerHTML =
      " (" + descr + ")";
    // highlight search terms in the description
    if (SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED)  // set in sphinx_highlight.js
      highlightTerms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(listItem, term, "highlighted"));
  }
  else if (showSearchSummary)
    fetch(requestUrl)
      .then((responseData) => responseData.text())
      .then((data) => {
        if (data)
          listItem.appendChild(
            Search.makeSearchSummary(data, searchTerms, anchor)
          );
        // highlight search terms in the summary
        if (SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED)  // set in sphinx_highlight.js
          highlightTerms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(listItem, term, "highlighted"));
      });
  Search.output.appendChild(listItem);
 };
 const _finishSearch = (resultCount) => {
  Search.stopPulse();
  Search.title.innerText = _("Search Results");
  if (!resultCount)
    Search.status.innerText = Documentation.gettext(
      "Your search did not match any documents. Please make sure that all words are spelled correctly and that you've selected enough categories."
    );
  else
    Search.status.innerText = Documentation.ngettext(
      "Search finished, found one page matching the search query.",
      "Search finished, found ${resultCount} pages matching the search query.",
      resultCount,
    ).replace('${resultCount}', resultCount);
 };
 const _displayNextItem = (
  results,
  resultCount,
  searchTerms,
  highlightTerms,
 ) => {
  // results left, load the summary and display it
  // this is intended to be dynamic (don't sub resultsCount)
  if (results.length) {
    _displayItem(results.pop(), searchTerms, highlightTerms);
    setTimeout(
      () => _displayNextItem(results, resultCount, searchTerms, highlightTerms),
      5
    );
  }
  // search finished, update title and status message
  else _finishSearch(resultCount);
 };
 // Helper function used by query() to order search results.
 // Each input is an array of [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename, kind].
 // Order the results by score (in opposite order of appearance, since the
 // `_displayNextItem` function uses pop() to retrieve items) and then alphabetically.
 const _orderResultsByScoreThenName = (a, b) => {
  const leftScore = a[4];
  const rightScore = b[4];
  if (leftScore === rightScore) {
    // same score: sort alphabetically
    const leftTitle = a[1].toLowerCase();
    const rightTitle = b[1].toLowerCase();
    if (leftTitle === rightTitle) return 0;
    return leftTitle > rightTitle ? -1 : 1; // inverted is intentional
  }
  return leftScore > rightScore ? 1 : -1;
 };
 /**
 * Default splitQuery function. Can be overridden in ``sphinx.search`` with a
 * custom function per language.
 *
 * The regular expression works by splitting the string on consecutive characters
 * that are not Unicode letters, numbers, underscores, or emoji characters.
 * This is the same as ``\W+`` in Python, preserving the surrogate pair area.
 */
 if (typeof splitQuery === "undefined") {
  var splitQuery = (query) => query
      .split(/[^\p{Letter}\p{Number}_\p{Emoji_Presentation}]+/gu)
      .filter(term => term)  // remove remaining empty strings
 }
 /**
 * Search Module
 */
 const Search = {
  _index: null,
  _queued_query: null,
  _pulse_status: -1,
  htmlToText: (htmlString, anchor) => {
    const htmlElement = new DOMParser().parseFromString(htmlString, 'text/html');
    for (const removalQuery of [".headerlink", "script", "style"]) {
      htmlElement.querySelectorAll(removalQuery).forEach((el) => { el.remove() });
    }
    if (anchor) {
      const anchorContent = htmlElement.querySelector(`[role="main"] ${anchor}`);
      if (anchorContent) return anchorContent.textContent;
      console.warn(
        `Anchored content block not found. Sphinx search tries to obtain it via DOM query '[role=main] ${anchor}'. Check your theme or template.`
      );
    }
    // if anchor not specified or not found, fall back to main content
    const docContent = htmlElement.querySelector('[role="main"]');
    if (docContent) return docContent.textContent;
    console.warn(
      "Content block not found. Sphinx search tries to obtain it via DOM query '[role=main]'. Check your theme or template."
    );
    return "";
  },
  init: () => {
    const query = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get("q");
    document
      .querySelectorAll('input[name="q"]')
      .forEach((el) => (el.value = query));
    if (query) Search.performSearch(query);
  },
  loadIndex: (url) =>
    (document.body.appendChild(document.createElement("script")).src = url),
  setIndex: (index) => {
    Search._index = index;
    if (Search._queued_query !== null) {
      const query = Search._queued_query;
      Search._queued_query = null;
      Search.query(query);
    }
  },
  hasIndex: () => Search._index !== null,
  deferQuery: (query) => (Search._queued_query = query),
  stopPulse: () => (Search._pulse_status = -1),
  startPulse: () => {
    if (Search._pulse_status >= 0) return;
    const pulse = () => {
      Search._pulse_status = (Search._pulse_status + 1) % 4;
      Search.dots.innerText = ".".repeat(Search._pulse_status);
      if (Search._pulse_status >= 0) window.setTimeout(pulse, 500);
    };
    pulse();
  },
  /**
   * perform a search for something (or wait until index is loaded)
   */
  performSearch: (query) => {
    // create the required interface elements
    const searchText = document.createElement("h2");
    searchText.textContent = _("Searching");
    const searchSummary = document.createElement("p");
    searchSummary.classList.add("search-summary");
    searchSummary.innerText = "";
    const searchList = document.createElement("ul");
    searchList.setAttribute("role", "list");
    searchList.classList.add("search");
    const out = document.getElementById("search-results");
    Search.title = out.appendChild(searchText);
    Search.dots = Search.title.appendChild(document.createElement("span"));
    Search.status = out.appendChild(searchSummary);
    Search.output = out.appendChild(searchList);
    const searchProgress = document.getElementById("search-progress");
    // Some themes don't use the search progress node
    if (searchProgress) {
      searchProgress.innerText = _("Preparing search...");
    }
    Search.startPulse();
    // index already loaded, the browser was quick!
    if (Search.hasIndex()) Search.query(query);
    else Search.deferQuery(query);
  },
  _parseQuery: (query) => {
    // stem the search terms and add them to the correct list
    const stemmer = new Stemmer();
    const searchTerms = new Set();
    const excludedTerms = new Set();
    const highlightTerms = new Set();
    const objectTerms = new Set(splitQuery(query.toLowerCase().trim()));
    splitQuery(query.trim()).forEach((queryTerm) => {
      const queryTermLower = queryTerm.toLowerCase();
      // maybe skip this "word"
      // stopwords array is from language_data.js
      if (
        stopwords.indexOf(queryTermLower) !== -1 ||
        queryTerm.match(/^\d+$/)
      )
        return;
      // stem the word
      let word = stemmer.stemWord(queryTermLower);
      // select the correct list
      if (word[0] === "-") excludedTerms.add(word.substr(1));
      else {
        searchTerms.add(word);
        highlightTerms.add(queryTermLower);
      }
    });
    if (SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) {  // set in sphinx_highlight.js
      localStorage.setItem("sphinx_highlight_terms", [...highlightTerms].join(" "))
    }
    // console.debug("SEARCH: searching for:");
    // console.info("required: ", [...searchTerms]);
    // console.info("excluded: ", [...excludedTerms]);
    return [query, searchTerms, excludedTerms, highlightTerms, objectTerms];
  },
  /**
   * execute search (requires search index to be loaded)
   */
  _performSearch: (query, searchTerms, excludedTerms, highlightTerms, objectTerms) => {
    const filenames = Search._index.filenames;
    const docNames = Search._index.docnames;
    const titles = Search._index.titles;
    const allTitles = Search._index.alltitles;
    const indexEntries = Search._index.indexentries;
    // Collect multiple result groups to be sorted separately and then ordered.
    // Each is an array of [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename, kind].
    const normalResults = [];
    const nonMainIndexResults = [];
    _removeChildren(document.getElementById("search-progress"));
    const queryLower = query.toLowerCase().trim();
    for (const [title, foundTitles] of Object.entries(allTitles)) {
      if (title.toLowerCase().trim().includes(queryLower) && (queryLower.length >= title.length/2)) {
        for (const [file, id] of foundTitles) {
          const score = Math.round(Scorer.title * queryLower.length / title.length);
          const boost = titles[file] === title ? 1 : 0;  // add a boost for document titles
          normalResults.push([
            docNames[file],
            titles[file] !== title ? `${titles[file]} > ${title}` : title,
            id !== null ? "#" + id : "",
            null,
            score + boost,
            filenames[file],
            SearchResultKind.title,
          ]);
        }
      }
    }
    // search for explicit entries in index directives
    for (const [entry, foundEntries] of Object.entries(indexEntries)) {
      if (entry.includes(queryLower) && (queryLower.length >= entry.length/2)) {
        for (const [file, id, isMain] of foundEntries) {
          const score = Math.round(100 * queryLower.length / entry.length);
          const result = [
            docNames[file],
            titles[file],
            id ? "#" + id : "",
            null,
            score,
            filenames[file],
            SearchResultKind.index,
          ];
          if (isMain) {
            normalResults.push(result);
          } else {
            nonMainIndexResults.push(result);
          }
        }
      }
    }
    // lookup as object
    objectTerms.forEach((term) =>
      normalResults.push(...Search.performObjectSearch(term, objectTerms))
    );
    // lookup as search terms in fulltext
    normalResults.push(...Search.performTermsSearch(searchTerms, excludedTerms));
    // let the scorer override scores with a custom scoring function
    if (Scorer.score) {
      normalResults.forEach((item) => (item[4] = Scorer.score(item)));
      nonMainIndexResults.forEach((item) => (item[4] = Scorer.score(item)));
    }
    // Sort each group of results by score and then alphabetically by name.
    normalResults.sort(_orderResultsByScoreThenName);
    nonMainIndexResults.sort(_orderResultsByScoreThenName);
    // Combine the result groups in (reverse) order.
    // Non-main index entries are typically arbitrary cross-references,
    // so display them after other results.
    let results = [...nonMainIndexResults, ...normalResults];
    // remove duplicate search results
    // note the reversing of results, so that in the case of duplicates, the highest-scoring entry is kept
    let seen = new Set();
    results = results.reverse().reduce((acc, result) => {
      let resultStr = result.slice(0, 4).concat([result[5]]).map(v => String(v)).join(',');
      if (!seen.has(resultStr)) {
        acc.push(result);
        seen.add(resultStr);
      }
      return acc;
    }, []);
    return results.reverse();
  },
  query: (query) => {
    const [searchQuery, searchTerms, excludedTerms, highlightTerms, objectTerms] = Search._parseQuery(query);
    const results = Search._performSearch(searchQuery, searchTerms, excludedTerms, highlightTerms, objectTerms);
    // for debugging
    //Search.lastresults = results.slice();  // a copy
    // console.info("search results:", Search.lastresults);
    // print the results
    _displayNextItem(results, results.length, searchTerms, highlightTerms);
  },
  /**
   * search for object names
   */
  performObjectSearch: (object, objectTerms) => {
    const filenames = Search._index.filenames;
    const docNames = Search._index.docnames;
    const objects = Search._index.objects;
    const objNames = Search._index.objnames;
    const titles = Search._index.titles;
    const results = [];
    const objectSearchCallback = (prefix, match) => {
      const name = match[4]
      const fullname = (prefix ? prefix + "." : "") + name;
      const fullnameLower = fullname.toLowerCase();
      if (fullnameLower.indexOf(object) < 0) return;
      let score = 0;
      const parts = fullnameLower.split(".");
      // check for different match types: exact matches of full name or
      // "last name" (i.e. last dotted part)
      if (fullnameLower === object || parts.slice(-1)[0] === object)
        score += Scorer.objNameMatch;
      else if (parts.slice(-1)[0].indexOf(object) > -1)
        score += Scorer.objPartialMatch; // matches in last name
      const objName = objNames[match[1]][2];
      const title = titles[match[0]];
      // If more than one term searched for, we require other words to be
      // found in the name/title/description
      const otherTerms = new Set(objectTerms);
      otherTerms.delete(object);
      if (otherTerms.size > 0) {
        const haystack = `${prefix} ${name} ${objName} ${title}`.toLowerCase();
        if (
          [...otherTerms].some((otherTerm) => haystack.indexOf(otherTerm) < 0)
        )
          return;
      }
      let anchor = match[3];
      if (anchor === "") anchor = fullname;
      else if (anchor === "-") anchor = objNames[match[1]][1] + "-" + fullname;
      const descr = objName + _(", in ") + title;
      // add custom score for some objects according to scorer
      if (Scorer.objPrio.hasOwnProperty(match[2]))
        score += Scorer.objPrio[match[2]];
      else score += Scorer.objPrioDefault;
      results.push([
        docNames[match[0]],
        fullname,
        "#" + anchor,
        descr,
        score,
        filenames[match[0]],
        SearchResultKind.object,
      ]);
    };
    Object.keys(objects).forEach((prefix) =>
      objects[prefix].forEach((array) =>
        objectSearchCallback(prefix, array)
      )
    );
    return results;
  },
  /**
   * search for full-text terms in the index
   */
  performTermsSearch: (searchTerms, excludedTerms) => {
    // prepare search
    const terms = Search._index.terms;
    const titleTerms = Search._index.titleterms;
    const filenames = Search._index.filenames;
    const docNames = Search._index.docnames;
    const titles = Search._index.titles;
    const scoreMap = new Map();
    const fileMap = new Map();
    // perform the search on the required terms
    searchTerms.forEach((word) => {
      const files = [];
      // find documents, if any, containing the query word in their text/title term indices
      // use Object.hasOwnProperty to avoid mismatching against prototype properties
      const arr = [
        { files: terms.hasOwnProperty(word) ? terms[word] : undefined, score: Scorer.term },
        { files: titleTerms.hasOwnProperty(word) ? titleTerms[word] : undefined, score: Scorer.title },
      ];
      // add support for partial matches
      if (word.length > 2) {
        const escapedWord = _escapeRegExp(word);
        if (!terms.hasOwnProperty(word)) {
          Object.keys(terms).forEach((term) => {
            if (term.match(escapedWord))
              arr.push({ files: terms[term], score: Scorer.partialTerm });
          });
        }
        if (!titleTerms.hasOwnProperty(word)) {
          Object.keys(titleTerms).forEach((term) => {
            if (term.match(escapedWord))
              arr.push({ files: titleTerms[term], score: Scorer.partialTitle });
          });
        }
      }
      // no match but word was a required one
      if (arr.every((record) => record.files === undefined)) return;
      // found search word in contents
      arr.forEach((record) => {
        if (record.files === undefined) return;
        let recordFiles = record.files;
        if (recordFiles.length === undefined) recordFiles = [recordFiles];
        files.push(...recordFiles);
        // set score for the word in each file
        recordFiles.forEach((file) => {
          if (!scoreMap.has(file)) scoreMap.set(file, new Map());
          const fileScores = scoreMap.get(file);
          fileScores.set(word, record.score);
        });
      });
      // create the mapping
      files.forEach((file) => {
        if (!fileMap.has(file)) fileMap.set(file, [word]);
        else if (fileMap.get(file).indexOf(word) === -1) fileMap.get(file).push(word);
      });
    });
    // now check if the files don't contain excluded terms
    const results = [];
    for (const [file, wordList] of fileMap) {
      // check if all requirements are matched
      // as search terms with length < 3 are discarded
      const filteredTermCount = [...searchTerms].filter(
        (term) => term.length > 2
      ).length;
      if (
        wordList.length !== searchTerms.size &&
        wordList.length !== filteredTermCount
      )
        continue;
      // ensure that none of the excluded terms is in the search result
      if (
        [...excludedTerms].some(
          (term) =>
            terms[term] === file ||
            titleTerms[term] === file ||
            (terms[term] || []).includes(file) ||
            (titleTerms[term] || []).includes(file)
        )
      )
        break;
      // select one (max) score for the file.
      const score = Math.max(...wordList.map((w) => scoreMap.get(file).get(w)));
      // add result to the result list
      results.push([
        docNames[file],
        titles[file],
        "",
        null,
        score,
        filenames[file],
        SearchResultKind.text,
      ]);
    }
    return results;
  },
  /**
   * helper function to return a node containing the
   * search summary for a given text. keywords is a list
   * of stemmed words.
   */
  makeSearchSummary: (htmlText, keywords, anchor) => {
    const text = Search.htmlToText(htmlText, anchor);
    if (text === "") return null;
    const textLower = text.toLowerCase();
    const actualStartPosition = [...keywords]
      .map((k) => textLower.indexOf(k.toLowerCase()))
      .filter((i) => i > -1)
      .slice(-1)[0];
    const startWithContext = Math.max(actualStartPosition - 120, 0);
    const top = startWithContext === 0 ? "" : "...";
    const tail = startWithContext + 240 < text.length ? "..." : "";
    let summary = document.createElement("p");
    summary.classList.add("context");
    summary.textContent = top + text.substr(startWithContext, 240).trim() + tail;
    return summary;
  },
 };
 _ready(Search.init);
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/sidebar.js
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/sidebar.js
@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
 /*
 * sidebar.js
 * ~~~~~~~~~~
 *
 * This file is functionally identical to "sidebar.js" in Sphinx 5.0.
 * When support for Sphinx 4 and earlier is dropped from the theme,
 * this file can be removed.
 *
 * This script makes the Sphinx sidebar collapsible.
 *
 * .sphinxsidebar contains .sphinxsidebarwrapper.  This script adds
 * in .sphinxsidebar, after .sphinxsidebarwrapper, the #sidebarbutton
 * used to collapse and expand the sidebar.
 *
 * When the sidebar is collapsed the .sphinxsidebarwrapper is hidden
 * and the width of the sidebar and the margin-left of the document
 * are decreased. When the sidebar is expanded the opposite happens.
 * This script saves a per-browser/per-session cookie used to
 * remember the position of the sidebar among the pages.
 * Once the browser is closed the cookie is deleted and the position
 * reset to the default (expanded).
 *
 * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2022 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS.
 * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
 *
 */
 const initialiseSidebar = () => {
  // global elements used by the functions.
  const bodyWrapper = document.getElementsByClassName("bodywrapper")[0]
  const sidebar = document.getElementsByClassName("sphinxsidebar")[0]
  const sidebarWrapper = document.getElementsByClassName("sphinxsidebarwrapper")[0]
  // exit early if the document has no sidebar for some reason
  if (typeof sidebar === "undefined") {
    return
  }
  const sidebarButton = document.getElementById("sidebarbutton")
  const sidebarArrow = sidebarButton.querySelector('span')
  const collapse_sidebar = () => {
    bodyWrapper.style.marginLeft = ".8em"
    sidebar.style.width = ".8em"
    sidebarWrapper.style.display = "none"
    sidebarArrow.innerText = "»"
    sidebarButton.title = _("Expand sidebar")
    window.localStorage.setItem("sidebar", "collapsed")
  }
  const expand_sidebar = () => {
    bodyWrapper.style.marginLeft = ""
    sidebar.style.removeProperty("width")
    sidebarWrapper.style.display = ""
    sidebarArrow.innerText = "«"
    sidebarButton.title = _("Collapse sidebar")
    window.localStorage.setItem("sidebar", "expanded")
  }
  sidebarButton.addEventListener("click", () => {
    (sidebarWrapper.style.display === "none") ? expand_sidebar() : collapse_sidebar()
  })
  const sidebar_state = window.localStorage.getItem("sidebar")
  if (sidebar_state === "collapsed") {
    collapse_sidebar()
  }
  else if (sidebar_state === "expanded") {
    expand_sidebar()
  }
 }
 if (document.readyState !== "loading") {
  initialiseSidebar()
 }
 else {
  document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", initialiseSidebar)
 }
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/sphinx_highlight.js
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/sphinx_highlight.js
@ -1,154 +0,0 @@
 /* Highlighting utilities for Sphinx HTML documentation. */
 "use strict";
 const SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED = true
 /**
 * highlight a given string on a node by wrapping it in
 * span elements with the given class name.
 */
 const _highlight = (node, addItems, text, className) => {
  if (node.nodeType === Node.TEXT_NODE) {
    const val = node.nodeValue;
    const parent = node.parentNode;
    const pos = val.toLowerCase().indexOf(text);
    if (
      pos >= 0 &&
      !parent.classList.contains(className) &&
      !parent.classList.contains("nohighlight")
    ) {
      let span;
      const closestNode = parent.closest("body, svg, foreignObject");
      const isInSVG = closestNode && closestNode.matches("svg");
      if (isInSVG) {
        span = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "tspan");
      } else {
        span = document.createElement("span");
        span.classList.add(className);
      }
      span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos, text.length)));
      const rest = document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos + text.length));
      parent.insertBefore(
        span,
        parent.insertBefore(
          rest,
          node.nextSibling
        )
      );
      node.nodeValue = val.substr(0, pos);
      /* There may be more occurrences of search term in this node. So call this
       * function recursively on the remaining fragment.
       */
      _highlight(rest, addItems, text, className);
      if (isInSVG) {
        const rect = document.createElementNS(
          "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",
          "rect"
        );
        const bbox = parent.getBBox();
        rect.x.baseVal.value = bbox.x;
        rect.y.baseVal.value = bbox.y;
        rect.width.baseVal.value = bbox.width;
        rect.height.baseVal.value = bbox.height;
        rect.setAttribute("class", className);
        addItems.push({ parent: parent, target: rect });
      }
    }
  } else if (node.matches && !node.matches("button, select, textarea")) {
    node.childNodes.forEach((el) => _highlight(el, addItems, text, className));
  }
 };
 const _highlightText = (thisNode, text, className) => {
  let addItems = [];
  _highlight(thisNode, addItems, text, className);
  addItems.forEach((obj) =>
    obj.parent.insertAdjacentElement("beforebegin", obj.target)
  );
 };
 /**
 * Small JavaScript module for the documentation.
 */
 const SphinxHighlight = {
  /**
   * highlight the search words provided in localstorage in the text
   */
  highlightSearchWords: () => {
    if (!SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) return;  // bail if no highlight
    // get and clear terms from localstorage
    const url = new URL(window.location);
    const highlight =
        localStorage.getItem("sphinx_highlight_terms")
        || url.searchParams.get("highlight")
        || "";
    localStorage.removeItem("sphinx_highlight_terms")
    url.searchParams.delete("highlight");
    window.history.replaceState({}, "", url);
    // get individual terms from highlight string
    const terms = highlight.toLowerCase().split(/\s+/).filter(x => x);
    if (terms.length === 0) return; // nothing to do
    // There should never be more than one element matching "div.body"
    const divBody = document.querySelectorAll("div.body");
    const body = divBody.length ? divBody[0] : document.querySelector("body");
    window.setTimeout(() => {
      terms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(body, term, "highlighted"));
    }, 10);
    const searchBox = document.getElementById("searchbox");
    if (searchBox === null) return;
    searchBox.appendChild(
      document
        .createRange()
        .createContextualFragment(
          '<p class="highlight-link">' +
            '<a href="javascript:SphinxHighlight.hideSearchWords()">' +
            _("Hide Search Matches") +
            "</a></p>"
        )
    );
  },
  /**
   * helper function to hide the search marks again
   */
  hideSearchWords: () => {
    document
      .querySelectorAll("#searchbox .highlight-link")
      .forEach((el) => el.remove());
    document
      .querySelectorAll("span.highlighted")
      .forEach((el) => el.classList.remove("highlighted"));
    localStorage.removeItem("sphinx_highlight_terms")
  },
  initEscapeListener: () => {
    // only install a listener if it is really needed
    if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS) return;
    document.addEventListener("keydown", (event) => {
      // bail for input elements
      if (BLACKLISTED_KEY_CONTROL_ELEMENTS.has(document.activeElement.tagName)) return;
      // bail with special keys
      if (event.shiftKey || event.altKey || event.ctrlKey || event.metaKey) return;
      if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS && (event.key === "Escape")) {
        SphinxHighlight.hideSearchWords();
        event.preventDefault();
      }
    });
  },
 };
 _ready(() => {
  /* Do not call highlightSearchWords() when we are on the search page.
   * It will highlight words from the *previous* search query.
   */
  if (typeof Search === "undefined") SphinxHighlight.highlightSearchWords();
  SphinxHighlight.initEscapeListener();
 });
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/themetoggle.js
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/_static/themetoggle.js
@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
 const pydocthemeDark = document.getElementById('pydoctheme_dark_css')
 const pygmentsDark = document.getElementById('pygments_dark_css')
 const themeSelectors = document.getElementsByClassName('theme-selector')
 function activateTheme(theme) {
  localStorage.setItem('currentTheme', theme);
  [...themeSelectors].forEach(e => e.value = theme)
  switch (theme) {
    case 'light':
      pydocthemeDark.media = 'not all'
      pygmentsDark.media = 'not all'
      break;
    case 'dark':
      pydocthemeDark.media = 'all'
      pygmentsDark.media = 'all'
      break;
    default:
      // auto
      pydocthemeDark.media = '(prefers-color-scheme: dark)'
      pygmentsDark.media = '(prefers-color-scheme: dark)'
  }
 }
 activateTheme(localStorage.getItem('currentTheme') || 'auto')
--- a/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/about.html
+++ b/Dependencies/Python/Doc/html/about.html
@ -1,353 +0,0 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="en" data-content_root="./">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
 <meta property="og:title" content="About this documentation" />
 <meta property="og:type" content="website" />
 <meta property="og:url" content="https://docs.python.org/3/about.html" />
 <meta property="og:site_name" content="Python documentation" />
 <meta property="og:description" content="Python’s documentation is generated from reStructuredText sources using Sphinx, a documentation generator originally created for Python and now maintained as an independent project. Development of ..." />
 <meta property="og:image" content="https://docs.python.org/3/_static/og-image.png" />
 <meta property="og:image:alt" content="Python documentation" />
 <meta name="description" content="Python’s documentation is generated from reStructuredText sources using Sphinx, a documentation generator originally created for Python and now maintained as an independent project. Development of ..." />
 <meta property="og:image:width" content="200">
 <meta property="og:image:height" content="200">
 <meta name="theme-color" content="#3776ab">
    <title>About this documentation &#8212; Python 3.13.3 documentation</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css?v=b86133f3" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pydoctheme.css?v=23252803" />
    <link id="pygments_dark_css" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments_dark.css?v=5349f25f" />
    <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=5d57ca2d"></script>
    <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=9bcbadda"></script>
    <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
    <script src="_static/sidebar.js"></script>
    <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml"
          title="Search within Python 3.13.3 documentation"
          href="_static/opensearch.xml"/>
    <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="#" />
    <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
    <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
    <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="copyright.html" />
    <link rel="next" title="Dealing with Bugs" href="bugs.html" />
    <link rel="prev" title="Glossary" href="glossary.html" />
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://docs.python.org/3/about.html">
    <style>
      @media only screen {
        table.full-width-table {
            width: 100%;
        }
      }
    </style>
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pydoctheme_dark.css" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" id="pydoctheme_dark_css">
    <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="_static/py.svg" />
            <script type="text/javascript" src="_static/copybutton.js"></script>
            <script type="text/javascript" src="_static/menu.js"></script>
            <script type="text/javascript" src="_static/search-focus.js"></script>
            <script type="text/javascript" src="_static/themetoggle.js"></script> 
            <script type="text/javascript" src="_static/rtd_switcher.js"></script>
            <meta name="readthedocs-addons-api-version" content="1">
  </head>
 <body>
 <div class="mobile-nav">
    <input type="checkbox" id="menuToggler" class="toggler__input" aria-controls="navigation"
           aria-pressed="false" aria-expanded="false" role="button" aria-label="Menu" />
    <nav class="nav-content" role="navigation">
        <label for="menuToggler" class="toggler__label">
            <span></span>
        </label>
        <span class="nav-items-wrapper">
            <a href="https://www.python.org/" class="nav-logo">
                <img src="_static/py.svg" alt="Python logo"/>
            </a>
            <span class="version_switcher_placeholder"></span>
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  <section id="dealing-with-bugs">
 <span id="reporting-bugs"></span><h1>Dealing with Bugs<a class="headerlink" href="#dealing-with-bugs" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
 <p>Python is a mature programming language which has established a reputation for
 stability.  In order to maintain this reputation, the developers would like to
 know of any deficiencies you find in Python.</p>
 <p>It can be sometimes faster to fix bugs yourself and contribute patches to
 Python as it streamlines the process and involves less people. Learn how to
 <a class="reference internal" href="#contributing-to-python"><span class="std std-ref">contribute</span></a>.</p>
 <section id="documentation-bugs">
 <h2>Documentation bugs<a class="headerlink" href="#documentation-bugs" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>If you find a bug in this documentation or would like to propose an improvement,
 please submit a bug report on the <a class="reference internal" href="#using-the-tracker"><span class="std std-ref">tracker</span></a>.  If you
 have a suggestion on how to fix it, include that as well.</p>
 <p>You can also open a discussion item on our
 <a class="reference external" href="https://discuss.python.org/c/documentation/26">Documentation Discourse forum</a>.</p>
 <p>If you find a bug in the theme (HTML / CSS / JavaScript) of the
 documentation, please submit a bug report on the <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/python-docs-theme">python-doc-theme bug
 tracker</a>.</p>
 <p>If you’re short on time, you can also email documentation bug reports to
 <a class="reference external" href="mailto:docs&#37;&#52;&#48;python&#46;org">docs<span>&#64;</span>python<span>&#46;</span>org</a> (behavioral bugs can be sent to <a class="reference external" href="mailto:python-list&#37;&#52;&#48;python&#46;org">python-list<span>&#64;</span>python<span>&#46;</span>org</a>).
 ‘docs&#64;’ is a mailing list run by volunteers; your request will be noticed,
 though it may take a while to be processed.</p>
 <div class="admonition seealso">
 <p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
 <dl class="simple">
 <dt><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%3Adocs">Documentation bugs</a></dt><dd><p>A list of documentation bugs that have been submitted to the Python issue tracker.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><a class="reference external" href="https://devguide.python.org/tracker/">Issue Tracking</a></dt><dd><p>Overview of the process involved in reporting an improvement on the tracker.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><a class="reference external" href="https://devguide.python.org/docquality/#helping-with-documentation">Helping with Documentation</a></dt><dd><p>Comprehensive guide for individuals that are interested in contributing to Python documentation.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><a class="reference external" href="https://devguide.python.org/documentation/translating/">Documentation Translations</a></dt><dd><p>A list of GitHub pages for documentation translation and their primary contacts.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="using-the-python-issue-tracker">
 <span id="using-the-tracker"></span><h2>Using the Python issue tracker<a class="headerlink" href="#using-the-python-issue-tracker" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Issue reports for Python itself should be submitted via the GitHub issues
 tracker (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/issues">https://github.com/python/cpython/issues</a>).
 The GitHub issues tracker offers a web form which allows pertinent information
 to be entered and submitted to the developers.</p>
 <p>The first step in filing a report is to determine whether the problem has
 already been reported.  The advantage in doing so, aside from saving the
 developers’ time, is that you learn what has been done to fix it; it may be that
 the problem has already been fixed for the next release, or additional
 information is needed (in which case you are welcome to provide it if you can!).
 To do this, search the tracker using the search box at the top of the page.</p>
 <p>If the problem you’re reporting is not already in the list, log in to GitHub.
 If you don’t already have a GitHub account, create a new account using the
 “Sign up” link.
 It is not possible to submit a bug report anonymously.</p>
 <p>Being now logged in, you can submit an issue.
 Click on the “New issue” button in the top bar to report a new issue.</p>
 <p>The submission form has two fields, “Title” and “Comment”.</p>
 <p>For the “Title” field, enter a <em>very</em> short description of the problem;
 fewer than ten words is good.</p>
 <p>In the “Comment” field, describe the problem in detail, including what you
 expected to happen and what did happen.  Be sure to include whether any
 extension modules were involved, and what hardware and software platform you
 were using (including version information as appropriate).</p>
 <p>Each issue report will be reviewed by a developer who will determine what needs to
 be done to correct the problem. You will receive an update each time an action is
 taken on the issue.</p>
 <div class="admonition seealso">
 <p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
 <dl class="simple">
 <dt><a class="reference external" href="https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/bugs.html">How to Report Bugs Effectively</a></dt><dd><p>Article which goes into some detail about how to create a useful bug report.
 This describes what kind of information is useful and why it is useful.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><a class="reference external" href="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/page.cgi?id=bug-writing.html">Bug Writing Guidelines</a></dt><dd><p>Information about writing a good bug report.  Some of this is specific to the
 Mozilla project, but describes general good practices.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
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 <section id="getting-started-contributing-to-python-yourself">
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  <section id="allocating-objects-on-the-heap">
 <span id="allocating-objects"></span><h1>Allocating Objects on the Heap<a class="headerlink" href="#allocating-objects-on-the-heap" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
 <dl class="c function">
 <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c._PyObject_New">
 <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">_PyObject_New</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="type.html#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyTypeObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">type</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c._PyObject_New" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em></dd></dl>
 <dl class="c function">
 <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c._PyObject_NewVar">
 <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyVarObject" title="PyVarObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyVarObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">_PyObject_NewVar</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="type.html#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyTypeObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">type</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">size</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c._PyObject_NewVar" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em></dd></dl>
 <dl class="c function">
 <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyObject_Init">
 <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject_Init</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">op</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="type.html#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyTypeObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">type</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyObject_Init" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 <dd><em class="refcount return_borrowed_ref">Return value: Borrowed reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Initialize a newly allocated object <em>op</em> with its type and initial
 reference.  Returns the initialized object.  Other fields of the object are
 not affected.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 <dl class="c function">
 <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyObject_InitVar">
 <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyVarObject" title="PyVarObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyVarObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject_InitVar</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyVarObject" title="PyVarObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyVarObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">op</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="type.html#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyTypeObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">type</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">size</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyObject_InitVar" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 <dd><em class="refcount return_borrowed_ref">Return value: Borrowed reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>This does everything <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyObject_Init" title="PyObject_Init"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject_Init()</span></code></a> does, and also initializes the
 length information for a variable-size object.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 <dl class="c macro">
 <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyObject_New">
 <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject_New</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="n"><span class="pre">TYPE</span></span>, <span class="n"><span class="pre">typeobj</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyObject_New" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 <dd><p>Allocate a new Python object using the C structure type <em>TYPE</em>
 and the Python type object <em>typeobj</em> (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyTypeObject*</span></code>).
 Fields not defined by the Python object header are not initialized.
 The caller will own the only reference to the object
 (i.e. its reference count will be one).
 The size of the memory allocation is determined from the
 <a class="reference internal" href="typeobj.html#c.PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize" title="PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tp_basicsize</span></code></a> field of the type object.</p>
 <p>Note that this function is unsuitable if <em>typeobj</em> has
 <a class="reference internal" href="typeobj.html#c.Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC" title="Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC"><code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC</span></code></a> set. For such objects,
 use <a class="reference internal" href="gcsupport.html#c.PyObject_GC_New" title="PyObject_GC_New"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject_GC_New()</span></code></a> instead.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 <dl class="c macro">
 <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyObject_NewVar">
 <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject_NewVar</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="n"><span class="pre">TYPE</span></span>, <span class="n"><span class="pre">typeobj</span></span>, <span class="n"><span class="pre">size</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyObject_NewVar" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 <dd><p>Allocate a new Python object using the C structure type <em>TYPE</em> and the
 Python type object <em>typeobj</em> (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyTypeObject*</span></code>).
 Fields not defined by the Python object header
 are not initialized.  The allocated memory allows for the <em>TYPE</em> structure
 plus <em>size</em> (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></code>) fields of the size
 given by the <a class="reference internal" href="typeobj.html#c.PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize" title="PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tp_itemsize</span></code></a> field of
 <em>typeobj</em>.  This is useful for implementing objects like tuples, which are
 able to determine their size at construction time.  Embedding the array of
 fields into the same allocation decreases the number of allocations,
 improving the memory management efficiency.</p>
 <p>Note that this function is unsuitable if <em>typeobj</em> has
 <a class="reference internal" href="typeobj.html#c.Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC" title="Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC"><code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC</span></code></a> set. For such objects,
 use <a class="reference internal" href="gcsupport.html#c.PyObject_GC_NewVar" title="PyObject_GC_NewVar"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject_GC_NewVar()</span></code></a> instead.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 <dl class="c function">
 <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyObject_Del">
 <span class="kt"><span class="pre">void</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject_Del</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">void</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">op</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyObject_Del" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 <dd><p>Releases memory allocated to an object using <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyObject_New" title="PyObject_New"><code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject_New</span></code></a> or
 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyObject_NewVar" title="PyObject_NewVar"><code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject_NewVar</span></code></a>.  This is normally called from the
 <a class="reference internal" href="typeobj.html#c.PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc" title="PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tp_dealloc</span></code></a> handler specified in the object’s type.  The fields of
 the object should not be accessed after this call as the memory is no
 longer a valid Python object.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 <dl class="c var">
 <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c._Py_NoneStruct">
 <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">_Py_NoneStruct</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c._Py_NoneStruct" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 <dd><p>Object which is visible in Python as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.  This should only be accessed
 using the <a class="reference internal" href="none.html#c.Py_None" title="Py_None"><code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_None</span></code></a> macro, which evaluates to a pointer to this
 object.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 <div class="admonition seealso">
 <p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
 <dl class="simple">
 <dt><a class="reference internal" href="module.html#c.PyModule_Create" title="PyModule_Create"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyModule_Create()</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>To allocate and create extension modules.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 </section>
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  <section id="api-and-abi-versioning">
 <span id="apiabiversion"></span><h1>API and ABI Versioning<a class="headerlink" href="#api-and-abi-versioning" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
 <p>CPython exposes its version number in the following macros.
 Note that these correspond to the version code is <strong>built</strong> with,
 not necessarily the version used at <strong>run time</strong>.</p>
 <p>See <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">C API Stability</span></a> for a discussion of API and ABI stability across versions.</p>
 <dl class="c macro">
 <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PY_MAJOR_VERSION">
 <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PY_MAJOR_VERSION</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PY_MAJOR_VERSION" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 <dd><p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">3</span></code> in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">3.4.1a2</span></code>.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 <dl class="c macro">
 <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PY_MINOR_VERSION">
 <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PY_MINOR_VERSION</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PY_MINOR_VERSION" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 <dd><p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">4</span></code> in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">3.4.1a2</span></code>.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 <dl class="c macro">
 <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PY_MICRO_VERSION">
 <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PY_MICRO_VERSION</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PY_MICRO_VERSION" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 <dd><p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code> in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">3.4.1a2</span></code>.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 <dl class="c macro">
 <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PY_RELEASE_LEVEL">
 <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PY_RELEASE_LEVEL</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PY_RELEASE_LEVEL" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 <dd><p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">a</span></code> in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">3.4.1a2</span></code>.
 This can be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0xA</span></code> for alpha, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0xB</span></code> for beta, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0xC</span></code> for release
 candidate or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0xF</span></code> for final.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 <dl class="c macro">
 <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PY_RELEASE_SERIAL">
 <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PY_RELEASE_SERIAL</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PY_RELEASE_SERIAL" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 <dd><p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2</span></code> in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">3.4.1a2</span></code>. Zero for final releases.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 <dl class="c macro">
 <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PY_VERSION_HEX">
 <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PY_VERSION_HEX</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PY_VERSION_HEX" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 <dd><p>The Python version number encoded in a single integer.</p>
 <p>The underlying version information can be found by treating it as a 32 bit
 number in the following manner:</p>
 <table class="docutils align-default">
 <thead>
 <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Bytes</p></th>
 <th class="head"><p>Bits (big endian order)</p></th>
 <th class="head"><p>Meaning</p></th>
 <th class="head"><p>Value for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">3.4.1a2</span></code></p></th>
 </tr>
 </thead>
 <tbody>
 <tr class="row-even"><td><p>1</p></td>
 <td><p>1-8</p></td>
 <td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PY_MAJOR_VERSION</span></code></p></td>
 <td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0x03</span></code></p></td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="row-odd"><td><p>2</p></td>
 <td><p>9-16</p></td>
 <td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PY_MINOR_VERSION</span></code></p></td>
 <td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0x04</span></code></p></td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="row-even"><td><p>3</p></td>
 <td><p>17-24</p></td>
 <td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PY_MICRO_VERSION</span></code></p></td>
 <td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0x01</span></code></p></td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="row-odd"><td rowspan="2"><p>4</p></td>
 <td><p>25-28</p></td>
 <td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PY_RELEASE_LEVEL</span></code></p></td>
 <td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0xA</span></code></p></td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="row-even"><td><p>29-32</p></td>
 <td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PY_RELEASE_SERIAL</span></code></p></td>
 <td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0x2</span></code></p></td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
 </table>
 <p>Thus <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">3.4.1a2</span></code> is hexversion <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0x030401a2</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">3.10.0</span></code> is
 hexversion <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0x030a00f0</span></code>.</p>
 <p>Use this for numeric comparisons, e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">#if</span> <span class="pre">PY_VERSION_HEX</span> <span class="pre">&gt;=</span> <span class="pre">...</span></code>.</p>
 <p>This version is also available via the symbol <a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_Version" title="Py_Version"><code class="xref c c-var docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_Version</span></code></a>.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 <dl class="c var">
 <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.Py_Version">
 <span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">unsigned</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">long</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_Version</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_Version" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 <dd><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a> since version 3.11.</em><p>The Python runtime version number encoded in a single constant integer, with
 the same format as the <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PY_VERSION_HEX" title="PY_VERSION_HEX"><code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PY_VERSION_HEX</span></code></a> macro.
 This contains the Python version used at run time.</p>
 <div class="versionadded">
 <p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.11.</span></p>
 </div>
 </dd></dl>
 <p>All the given macros are defined in <a class="extlink-source reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.13/Include/patchlevel.h">Include/patchlevel.h</a>.</p>
 </section>
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 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Parsing arguments and building values</a><ul>
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  <section id="parsing-arguments-and-building-values">
 <span id="arg-parsing"></span><h1>Parsing arguments and building values<a class="headerlink" href="#parsing-arguments-and-building-values" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
 <p>These functions are useful when creating your own extension functions and
 methods.  Additional information and examples are available in
 <a class="reference internal" href="../extending/index.html#extending-index"><span class="std std-ref">Extending and Embedding the Python Interpreter</span></a>.</p>
 <p>The first three of these functions described, <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyArg_ParseTuple" title="PyArg_ParseTuple"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyArg_ParseTuple()</span></code></a>,
 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords" title="PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords()</span></code></a>, and <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyArg_Parse" title="PyArg_Parse"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyArg_Parse()</span></code></a>, all use <em>format
 strings</em> which are used to tell the function about the expected arguments.  The
 format strings use the same syntax for each of these functions.</p>
 <section id="parsing-arguments">
 <h2>Parsing arguments<a class="headerlink" href="#parsing-arguments" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>A format string consists of zero or more “format units.”  A format unit
 describes one Python object; it is usually a single character or a parenthesized
 sequence of format units.  With a few exceptions, a format unit that is not a
 parenthesized sequence normally corresponds to a single address argument to
 these functions.  In the following description, the quoted form is the format
 unit; the entry in (round) parentheses is the Python object type that matches
 the format unit; and the entry in [square] brackets is the type of the C
 variable(s) whose address should be passed.</p>
 <section id="strings-and-buffers">
 <span id="arg-parsing-string-and-buffers"></span><h3>Strings and buffers<a class="headerlink" href="#strings-and-buffers" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
 <div class="admonition note">
 <p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
 <p>On Python 3.12 and older, the macro <code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN</span></code> must be
 defined before including <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Python.h</span></code> to use all <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">#</span></code> variants of
 formats (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">s#</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">y#</span></code>, etc.) explained below.
 This is not necessary on Python 3.13 and later.</p>
 </div>
 <p>These formats allow accessing an object as a contiguous chunk of memory.
 You don’t have to provide raw storage for the returned unicode or bytes
 area.</p>
 <p>Unless otherwise stated, buffers are not NUL-terminated.</p>
 <p>There are three ways strings and buffers can be converted to C:</p>
 <ul>
 <li><p>Formats such as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">y*</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">s*</span></code> fill a <a class="reference internal" href="buffer.html#c.Py_buffer" title="Py_buffer"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_buffer</span></code></a> structure.
 This locks the underlying buffer so that the caller can subsequently use
 the buffer even inside a <a class="reference internal" href="init.html#c.Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS" title="Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS</span></code></a>
 block without the risk of mutable data being resized or destroyed.
 As a result, <strong>you have to call</strong> <a class="reference internal" href="buffer.html#c.PyBuffer_Release" title="PyBuffer_Release"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyBuffer_Release()</span></code></a> after you have
 finished processing the data (or in any early abort case).</p></li>
 <li><p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">es</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">es#</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">et</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">et#</span></code> formats allocate the result buffer.
 <strong>You have to call</strong> <a class="reference internal" href="memory.html#c.PyMem_Free" title="PyMem_Free"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyMem_Free()</span></code></a> after you have finished
 processing the data (or in any early abort case).</p></li>
 <li><p id="c-arg-borrowed-buffer">Other formats take a <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a> or a read-only <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a>,
 such as <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a>, and provide a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">const</span> <span class="pre">char</span> <span class="pre">*</span></code> pointer to
 its buffer.
 In this case the buffer is “borrowed”: it is managed by the corresponding
 Python object, and shares the lifetime of this object.
 You won’t have to release any memory yourself.</p>
 <p>To ensure that the underlying buffer may be safely borrowed, the object’s
 <a class="reference internal" href="typeobj.html#c.PyBufferProcs.bf_releasebuffer" title="PyBufferProcs.bf_releasebuffer"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyBufferProcs.bf_releasebuffer</span></code></a> field must be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>.
 This disallows common mutable objects such as <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#bytearray" title="bytearray"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytearray</span></code></a>,
 but also some read-only objects such as <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#memoryview" title="memoryview"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">memoryview</span></code></a> of
 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a>.</p>
 <p>Besides this <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bf_releasebuffer</span></code> requirement, there is no check to verify
 whether the input object is immutable (e.g. whether it would honor a request
 for a writable buffer, or whether another thread can mutate the data).</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 <dl>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">s</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a>) [const char *]</dt><dd><p>Convert a Unicode object to a C pointer to a character string.
 A pointer to an existing string is stored in the character pointer
 variable whose address you pass.  The C string is NUL-terminated.
 The Python string must not contain embedded null code points; if it does,
 a <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> exception is raised. Unicode objects are converted
 to C strings using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'utf-8'</span></code> encoding. If this conversion fails, a
 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#UnicodeError" title="UnicodeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UnicodeError</span></code></a> is raised.</p>
 <div class="admonition note">
 <p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
 <p>This format does not accept <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like objects</span></a>.  If you want to accept
 filesystem paths and convert them to C character strings, it is
 preferable to use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">O&amp;</span></code> format with <a class="reference internal" href="unicode.html#c.PyUnicode_FSConverter" title="PyUnicode_FSConverter"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyUnicode_FSConverter()</span></code></a>
 as <em>converter</em>.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="versionchanged">
 <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.5: </span>Previously, <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a> was raised when embedded null code points
 were encountered in the Python string.</p>
 </div>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">s*</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a>) [Py_buffer]</dt><dd><p>This format accepts Unicode objects as well as bytes-like objects.
 It fills a <a class="reference internal" href="buffer.html#c.Py_buffer" title="Py_buffer"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_buffer</span></code></a> structure provided by the caller.
 In this case the resulting C string may contain embedded NUL bytes.
 Unicode objects are converted to C strings using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'utf-8'</span></code> encoding.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">s#</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a>, read-only <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a>) [const char *, <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></code></a>]</dt><dd><p>Like <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">s*</span></code>, except that it provides a <a class="reference internal" href="#c-arg-borrowed-buffer"><span class="std std-ref">borrowed buffer</span></a>.
 The result is stored into two C variables,
 the first one a pointer to a C string, the second one its length.
 The string may contain embedded null bytes. Unicode objects are converted
 to C strings using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'utf-8'</span></code> encoding.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">z</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>) [const char *]</dt><dd><p>Like <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">s</span></code>, but the Python object may also be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, in which case the C
 pointer is set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">z*</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>) [Py_buffer]</dt><dd><p>Like <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">s*</span></code>, but the Python object may also be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, in which case the
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">buf</span></code> member of the <a class="reference internal" href="buffer.html#c.Py_buffer" title="Py_buffer"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_buffer</span></code></a> structure is set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">z#</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a>, read-only <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>) [const char *, <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></code></a>]</dt><dd><p>Like <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">s#</span></code>, but the Python object may also be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, in which case the C
 pointer is set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">y</span></code> (read-only <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a>) [const char *]</dt><dd><p>This format converts a bytes-like object to a C pointer to a
 <a class="reference internal" href="#c-arg-borrowed-buffer"><span class="std std-ref">borrowed</span></a> character string;
 it does not accept Unicode objects.  The bytes buffer must not
 contain embedded null bytes; if it does, a <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a>
 exception is raised.</p>
 <div class="versionchanged">
 <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.5: </span>Previously, <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a> was raised when embedded null bytes were
 encountered in the bytes buffer.</p>
 </div>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">y*</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a>) [Py_buffer]</dt><dd><p>This variant on <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">s*</span></code> doesn’t accept Unicode objects, only
 bytes-like objects.  <strong>This is the recommended way to accept
 binary data.</strong></p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">y#</span></code> (read-only <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a>) [const char *, <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></code></a>]</dt><dd><p>This variant on <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">s#</span></code> doesn’t accept Unicode objects, only bytes-like
 objects.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">S</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a>) [PyBytesObject *]</dt><dd><p>Requires that the Python object is a <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a> object, without
 attempting any conversion.  Raises <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a> if the object is not
 a bytes object.  The C variable may also be declared as <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n">PyObject</span></a><span class="p">*</span></span>.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Y</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#bytearray" title="bytearray"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytearray</span></code></a>) [PyByteArrayObject *]</dt><dd><p>Requires that the Python object is a <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#bytearray" title="bytearray"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytearray</span></code></a> object, without
 attempting any conversion.  Raises <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a> if the object is not
 a <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#bytearray" title="bytearray"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytearray</span></code></a> object. The C variable may also be declared as <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n">PyObject</span></a><span class="p">*</span></span>.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">U</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a>) [PyObject *]</dt><dd><p>Requires that the Python object is a Unicode object, without attempting
 any conversion.  Raises <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a> if the object is not a Unicode
 object.  The C variable may also be declared as <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n">PyObject</span></a><span class="p">*</span></span>.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">w*</span></code> (read-write <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a>) [Py_buffer]</dt><dd><p>This format accepts any object which implements the read-write buffer
 interface. It fills a <a class="reference internal" href="buffer.html#c.Py_buffer" title="Py_buffer"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_buffer</span></code></a> structure provided by the caller.
 The buffer may contain embedded null bytes. The caller have to call
 <a class="reference internal" href="buffer.html#c.PyBuffer_Release" title="PyBuffer_Release"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyBuffer_Release()</span></code></a> when it is done with the buffer.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">es</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a>) [const char *encoding, char **buffer]</dt><dd><p>This variant on <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">s</span></code> is used for encoding Unicode into a character buffer.
 It only works for encoded data without embedded NUL bytes.</p>
 <p>This format requires two arguments.  The first is only used as input, and
 must be a <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="p">*</span></span> which points to the name of an encoding as a
 NUL-terminated string, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>, in which case <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'utf-8'</span></code> encoding is used.
 An exception is raised if the named encoding is not known to Python.  The
 second argument must be a <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">char</span><span class="p">*</span><span class="p">*</span></span>; the value of the pointer it
 references will be set to a buffer with the contents of the argument text.
 The text will be encoded in the encoding specified by the first argument.</p>
 <p><a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyArg_ParseTuple" title="PyArg_ParseTuple"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyArg_ParseTuple()</span></code></a> will allocate a buffer of the needed size, copy the
 encoded data into this buffer and adjust <em>*buffer</em> to reference the newly
 allocated storage.  The caller is responsible for calling <a class="reference internal" href="memory.html#c.PyMem_Free" title="PyMem_Free"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyMem_Free()</span></code></a> to
 free the allocated buffer after use.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">et</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#bytearray" title="bytearray"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytearray</span></code></a>) [const char *encoding, char **buffer]</dt><dd><p>Same as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">es</span></code> except that byte string objects are passed through without
 recoding them.  Instead, the implementation assumes that the byte string object uses
 the encoding passed in as parameter.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">es#</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a>) [const char *encoding, char **buffer, <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></code></a> *buffer_length]</dt><dd><p>This variant on <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">s#</span></code> is used for encoding Unicode into a character buffer.
 Unlike the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">es</span></code> format, this variant allows input data which contains NUL
 characters.</p>
 <p>It requires three arguments.  The first is only used as input, and must be a
 <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="p">*</span></span> which points to the name of an encoding as a
 NUL-terminated string, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>, in which case <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'utf-8'</span></code> encoding is used.
 An exception is raised if the named encoding is not known to Python.  The
 second argument must be a <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">char</span><span class="p">*</span><span class="p">*</span></span>; the value of the pointer it
 references will be set to a buffer with the contents of the argument text.
 The text will be encoded in the encoding specified by the first argument.
 The third argument must be a pointer to an integer; the referenced integer
 will be set to the number of bytes in the output buffer.</p>
 <p>There are two modes of operation:</p>
 <p>If <em>*buffer</em> points a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> pointer, the function will allocate a buffer of
 the needed size, copy the encoded data into this buffer and set <em>*buffer</em> to
 reference the newly allocated storage.  The caller is responsible for calling
 <a class="reference internal" href="memory.html#c.PyMem_Free" title="PyMem_Free"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyMem_Free()</span></code></a> to free the allocated buffer after usage.</p>
 <p>If <em>*buffer</em> points to a non-<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> pointer (an already allocated buffer),
 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyArg_ParseTuple" title="PyArg_ParseTuple"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyArg_ParseTuple()</span></code></a> will use this location as the buffer and interpret the
 initial value of <em>*buffer_length</em> as the buffer size.  It will then copy the
 encoded data into the buffer and NUL-terminate it.  If the buffer is not large
 enough, a <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> will be set.</p>
 <p>In both cases, <em>*buffer_length</em> is set to the length of the encoded data
 without the trailing NUL byte.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">et#</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#bytearray" title="bytearray"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytearray</span></code></a>) [const char *encoding, char **buffer, <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></code></a> *buffer_length]</dt><dd><p>Same as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">es#</span></code> except that byte string objects are passed through without recoding
 them. Instead, the implementation assumes that the byte string object uses the
 encoding passed in as parameter.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 <div class="versionchanged">
 <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.12: </span><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">u</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">u#</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Z</span></code>, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Z#</span></code> are removed because they used a legacy
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_UNICODE*</span></code> representation.</p>
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="numbers">
 <h3>Numbers<a class="headerlink" href="#numbers" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
 <p>These formats allow representing Python numbers or single characters as C numbers.
 Formats that require <a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#int" title="int"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#float" title="float"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">float</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#complex" title="complex"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">complex</span></code></a> can
 also use the corresponding special methods <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__index__" title="object.__index__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__index__()</span></code></a>,
 <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__float__" title="object.__float__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__float__()</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__complex__" title="object.__complex__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__complex__()</span></code></a> to convert
 the Python object to the required type.</p>
 <p>For signed integer formats, <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OverflowError</span></code></a> is raised if the value
 is out of range for the C type.
 For unsigned integer formats, no range checking is done — the
 most significant bits are silently truncated when the receiving field is too
 small to receive the value.</p>
 <dl>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">b</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#int" title="int"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code></a>) [unsigned char]</dt><dd><p>Convert a nonnegative Python integer to an unsigned tiny integer, stored in a C
 <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span></span>.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">B</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#int" title="int"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code></a>) [unsigned char]</dt><dd><p>Convert a Python integer to a tiny integer without overflow checking, stored in a C
 <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span></span>.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">h</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#int" title="int"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code></a>) [short int]</dt><dd><p>Convert a Python integer to a C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">short</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span></span>.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">H</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#int" title="int"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code></a>) [unsigned short int]</dt><dd><p>Convert a Python integer to a C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">short</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span></span>, without overflow
 checking.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">i</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#int" title="int"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code></a>) [int]</dt><dd><p>Convert a Python integer to a plain C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">int</span></span>.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">I</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#int" title="int"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code></a>) [unsigned int]</dt><dd><p>Convert a Python integer to a C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span></span>, without overflow
 checking.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">l</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#int" title="int"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code></a>) [long int]</dt><dd><p>Convert a Python integer to a C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span></span>.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">k</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#int" title="int"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code></a>) [unsigned long]</dt><dd><p>Convert a Python integer to a C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span></span> without
 overflow checking.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">L</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#int" title="int"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code></a>) [long long]</dt><dd><p>Convert a Python integer to a C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span></span>.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">K</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#int" title="int"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code></a>) [unsigned long long]</dt><dd><p>Convert a Python integer to a C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span></span>
 without overflow checking.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">n</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#int" title="int"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code></a>) [<a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></code></a>]</dt><dd><p>Convert a Python integer to a C <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></code></a>.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">c</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#bytearray" title="bytearray"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytearray</span></code></a> of length 1) [char]</dt><dd><p>Convert a Python byte, represented as a <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a> or
 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#bytearray" title="bytearray"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytearray</span></code></a> object of length 1, to a C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">char</span></span>.</p>
 <div class="versionchanged">
 <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.3: </span>Allow <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#bytearray" title="bytearray"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytearray</span></code></a> objects.</p>
 </div>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">C</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a> of length 1) [int]</dt><dd><p>Convert a Python character, represented as a <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a> object of
 length 1, to a C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">int</span></span>.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">f</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#float" title="float"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">float</span></code></a>) [float]</dt><dd><p>Convert a Python floating-point number to a C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">float</span></span>.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">d</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#float" title="float"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">float</span></code></a>) [double]</dt><dd><p>Convert a Python floating-point number to a C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">double</span></span>.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">D</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#complex" title="complex"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">complex</span></code></a>) [Py_complex]</dt><dd><p>Convert a Python complex number to a C <a class="reference internal" href="complex.html#c.Py_complex" title="Py_complex"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_complex</span></code></a> structure.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </section>
 <section id="other-objects">
 <h3>Other objects<a class="headerlink" href="#other-objects" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
 <dl class="simple">
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">O</span></code> (object) [PyObject *]</dt><dd><p>Store a Python object (without any conversion) in a C object pointer.  The C
 program thus receives the actual object that was passed.  A new
 <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-strong-reference"><span class="xref std std-term">strong reference</span></a> to the object is not created
 (i.e. its reference count is not increased).
 The pointer stored is not <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">O!</span></code> (object) [<em>typeobject</em>, PyObject *]</dt><dd><p>Store a Python object in a C object pointer.  This is similar to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">O</span></code>, but
 takes two C arguments: the first is the address of a Python type object, the
 second is the address of the C variable (of type <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n">PyObject</span></a><span class="p">*</span></span>) into which
 the object pointer is stored.  If the Python object does not have the required
 type, <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a> is raised.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 <dl id="o-ampersand">
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">O&amp;</span></code> (object) [<em>converter</em>, <em>address</em>]</dt><dd><p>Convert a Python object to a C variable through a <em>converter</em> function.  This
 takes two arguments: the first is a function, the second is the address of a C
 variable (of arbitrary type), converted to <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">void</span><span class="p">*</span></span>.  The <em>converter</em>
 function in turn is called as follows:</p>
 <div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">status</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">converter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">object</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">address</span><span class="p">);</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <p>where <em>object</em> is the Python object to be converted and <em>address</em> is the
 <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">void</span><span class="p">*</span></span> argument that was passed to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyArg_Parse*</span></code> function.
 The returned <em>status</em> should be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code> for a successful conversion and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> if
 the conversion has failed.  When the conversion fails, the <em>converter</em> function
 should raise an exception and leave the content of <em>address</em> unmodified.</p>
 <p id="c.Py_CLEANUP_SUPPORTED">If the <em>converter</em> returns <code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_CLEANUP_SUPPORTED</span></code>, it may get called a
 second time if the argument parsing eventually fails, giving the converter a
 chance to release any memory that it had already allocated. In this second
 call, the <em>object</em> parameter will be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>; <em>address</em> will have the same value
 as in the original call.</p>
 <p>Examples of converters: <a class="reference internal" href="unicode.html#c.PyUnicode_FSConverter" title="PyUnicode_FSConverter"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyUnicode_FSConverter()</span></code></a> and
 <a class="reference internal" href="unicode.html#c.PyUnicode_FSDecoder" title="PyUnicode_FSDecoder"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyUnicode_FSDecoder()</span></code></a>.</p>
 <div class="versionchanged">
 <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.1: </span><code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_CLEANUP_SUPPORTED</span></code> was added.</p>
 </div>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">p</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#bool" title="bool"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bool</span></code></a>) [int]</dt><dd><p>Tests the value passed in for truth (a boolean <strong>p</strong>redicate) and converts
 the result to its equivalent C true/false integer value.
 Sets the int to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code> if the expression was true and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> if it was false.
 This accepts any valid Python value.  See <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#truth"><span class="std std-ref">Truth Value Testing</span></a> for more
 information about how Python tests values for truth.</p>
 <div class="versionadded">
 <p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.3.</span></p>
 </div>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(items)</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#tuple" title="tuple"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tuple</span></code></a>) [<em>matching-items</em>]</dt><dd><p>The object must be a Python sequence whose length is the number of format units
 in <em>items</em>.  The C arguments must correspond to the individual format units in
 <em>items</em>.  Format units for sequences may be nested.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 <p>A few other characters have a meaning in a format string.  These may not occur
 inside nested parentheses.  They are:</p>
 <dl>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">|</span></code></dt><dd><p>Indicates that the remaining arguments in the Python argument list are optional.
 The C variables corresponding to optional arguments should be initialized to
 their default value — when an optional argument is not specified,
 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyArg_ParseTuple" title="PyArg_ParseTuple"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyArg_ParseTuple()</span></code></a> does not touch the contents of the corresponding C
 variable(s).</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$</span></code></dt><dd><p><a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords" title="PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords()</span></code></a> only:
 Indicates that the remaining arguments in the Python argument list are
 keyword-only.  Currently, all keyword-only arguments must also be optional
 arguments, so <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">|</span></code> must always be specified before <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$</span></code> in the format
 string.</p>
 <div class="versionadded">
 <p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.3.</span></p>
 </div>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">:</span></code></dt><dd><p>The list of format units ends here; the string after the colon is used as the
 function name in error messages (the “associated value” of the exception that
 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyArg_ParseTuple" title="PyArg_ParseTuple"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyArg_ParseTuple()</span></code></a> raises).</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">;</span></code></dt><dd><p>The list of format units ends here; the string after the semicolon is used as
 the error message <em>instead</em> of the default error message.  <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">:</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">;</span></code>
 mutually exclude each other.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 <p>Note that any Python object references which are provided to the caller are
 <em>borrowed</em> references; do not release them
 (i.e. do not decrement their reference count)!</p>
 <p>Additional arguments passed to these functions must be addresses of variables
 whose type is determined by the format string; these are used to store values
 from the input tuple.  There are a few cases, as described in the list of format
 units above, where these parameters are used as input values; they should match
 what is specified for the corresponding format unit in that case.</p>
 <p>For the conversion to succeed, the <em>arg</em> object must match the format
 and the format must be exhausted.  On success, the
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyArg_Parse*</span></code> functions return true, otherwise they return
 false and raise an appropriate exception. When the
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyArg_Parse*</span></code> functions fail due to conversion failure in one
 of the format units, the variables at the addresses corresponding to that
 and the following format units are left untouched.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="api-functions">
 <h3>API Functions<a class="headerlink" href="#api-functions" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
 <dl class="c function">
 <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyArg_ParseTuple">
 <span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyArg_ParseTuple</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">args</span></span>, <span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">format</span></span>, <span class="p"><span class="pre">...</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyArg_ParseTuple" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 <dd><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Parse the parameters of a function that takes only positional parameters into
 local variables.  Returns true on success; on failure, it returns false and
 raises the appropriate exception.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 <dl class="c function">
 <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyArg_VaParse">
 <span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyArg_VaParse</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">args</span></span>, <span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">format</span></span>, <span class="n"><span class="pre">va_list</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">vargs</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyArg_VaParse" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 <dd><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Identical to <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyArg_ParseTuple" title="PyArg_ParseTuple"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyArg_ParseTuple()</span></code></a>, except that it accepts a va_list rather
 than a variable number of arguments.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 <dl class="c function">
 <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords">
 <span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">args</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">kw</span></span>, <span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">format</span></span>, <span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">keywords</span></span>, <span class="p"><span class="pre">...</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 <dd><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Parse the parameters of a function that takes both positional and keyword
 parameters into local variables.
 The <em>keywords</em> argument is a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>-terminated array of keyword parameter
 names specified as null-terminated ASCII or UTF-8 encoded C strings.
 Empty names denote
 <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#positional-only-parameter"><span class="std std-ref">positional-only parameters</span></a>.
 Returns true on success; on failure, it returns false and raises the
 appropriate exception.</p>
 <div class="admonition note">
 <p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
 <p>The <em>keywords</em> parameter declaration is <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">*</span><span class="k">const</span><span class="p">*</span></span> in C and
 <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">*</span><span class="k">const</span><span class="p">*</span></span> in C++.
 This can be overridden with the <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PY_CXX_CONST" title="PY_CXX_CONST"><code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PY_CXX_CONST</span></code></a> macro.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="versionchanged">
 <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.6: </span>Added support for <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#positional-only-parameter"><span class="std std-ref">positional-only parameters</span></a>.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="versionchanged">
 <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.13: </span>The <em>keywords</em> parameter has now type <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">*</span><span class="k">const</span><span class="p">*</span></span> in C and
 <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">*</span><span class="k">const</span><span class="p">*</span></span> in C++, instead of <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">char</span><span class="p">*</span><span class="p">*</span></span>.
 Added support for non-ASCII keyword parameter names.</p>
 </div>
 </dd></dl>
 <dl class="c function">
 <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyArg_VaParseTupleAndKeywords">
 <span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyArg_VaParseTupleAndKeywords</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">args</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">kw</span></span>, <span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">format</span></span>, <span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">keywords</span></span>, <span class="n"><span class="pre">va_list</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">vargs</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyArg_VaParseTupleAndKeywords" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 <dd><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Identical to <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords" title="PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords()</span></code></a>, except that it accepts a
 va_list rather than a variable number of arguments.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 <dl class="c function">
 <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyArg_ValidateKeywordArguments">
 <span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyArg_ValidateKeywordArguments</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyArg_ValidateKeywordArguments" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 <dd><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Ensure that the keys in the keywords argument dictionary are strings.  This
 is only needed if <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords" title="PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords()</span></code></a> is not used, since the
 latter already does this check.</p>
 <div class="versionadded">
 <p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.2.</span></p>
 </div>
 </dd></dl>
 <dl class="c function">
 <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyArg_Parse">
 <span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyArg_Parse</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">args</span></span>, <span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">format</span></span>, <span class="p"><span class="pre">...</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyArg_Parse" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 <dd><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Parse the parameter of a function that takes a single positional parameter
 into a local variable.  Returns true on success; on failure, it returns
 false and raises the appropriate exception.</p>
 <p>Example:</p>
 <div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// Function using METH_O calling convention</span>
 <span class="k">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PyObject</span><span class="o">*</span>
 <span class="nf">my_function</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PyObject</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">module</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PyObject</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">arg</span><span class="p">)</span>
 <span class="p">{</span>
 <span class="w">    </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">;</span>
 <span class="w">    </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">PyArg_Parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arg</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;i:my_function&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
 <span class="w">        </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span>
 <span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span>
 <span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// ... use value ...</span>
 <span class="p">}</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 </dd></dl>
 <dl class="c function">
 <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyArg_UnpackTuple">
 <span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyArg_UnpackTuple</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">args</span></span>, <span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">min</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">max</span></span>, <span class="p"><span class="pre">...</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyArg_UnpackTuple" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 <dd><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>A simpler form of parameter retrieval which does not use a format string to
 specify the types of the arguments.  Functions which use this method to retrieve
 their parameters should be declared as <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.METH_VARARGS" title="METH_VARARGS"><code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">METH_VARARGS</span></code></a> in function or
 method tables.  The tuple containing the actual parameters should be passed as
 <em>args</em>; it must actually be a tuple.  The length of the tuple must be at least
 <em>min</em> and no more than <em>max</em>; <em>min</em> and <em>max</em> may be equal.  Additional
 arguments must be passed to the function, each of which should be a pointer to a
 <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n">PyObject</span></a><span class="p">*</span></span> variable; these will be filled in with the values from
 <em>args</em>; they will contain <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-borrowed-reference"><span class="xref std std-term">borrowed references</span></a>.
 The variables which correspond
 to optional parameters not given by <em>args</em> will not be filled in; these should
 be initialized by the caller. This function returns true on success and false if
 <em>args</em> is not a tuple or contains the wrong number of elements; an exception
 will be set if there was a failure.</p>
 <p>This is an example of the use of this function, taken from the sources for the
 <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_weakref</span></code> helper module for weak references:</p>
 <div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PyObject</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span>
 <span class="nf">weakref_ref</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PyObject</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PyObject</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span>
 <span class="p">{</span>
 <span class="w">    </span><span class="n">PyObject</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">object</span><span class="p">;</span>
 <span class="w">    </span><span class="n">PyObject</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">callback</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span>
 <span class="w">    </span><span class="n">PyObject</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span>
 <span class="w">    </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PyArg_UnpackTuple</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;ref&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">object</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">callback</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
 <span class="w">        </span><span class="n">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PyWeakref_NewRef</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">object</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">callback</span><span class="p">);</span>
 <span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span>
 <span class="w">    </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">result</span><span class="p">;</span>
 <span class="p">}</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <p>The call to <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyArg_UnpackTuple" title="PyArg_UnpackTuple"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyArg_UnpackTuple()</span></code></a> in this example is entirely equivalent to
 this call to <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyArg_ParseTuple" title="PyArg_ParseTuple"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyArg_ParseTuple()</span></code></a>:</p>
 <div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">PyArg_ParseTuple</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;O|O:ref&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">object</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">callback</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 </dd></dl>
 <dl class="c macro">
 <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PY_CXX_CONST">
 <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PY_CXX_CONST</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PY_CXX_CONST" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 <dd><p>The value to be inserted, if any, before <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">*</span><span class="k">const</span><span class="p">*</span></span>
 in the <em>keywords</em> parameter declaration of
 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords" title="PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords()</span></code></a> and
 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyArg_VaParseTupleAndKeywords" title="PyArg_VaParseTupleAndKeywords"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyArg_VaParseTupleAndKeywords()</span></code></a>.
 Default empty for C and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">const</span></code> for C++
 (<span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">*</span><span class="k">const</span><span class="p">*</span></span>).
 To override, define it to the desired value before including
 <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Python.h</span></code>.</p>
 <div class="versionadded">
 <p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.13.</span></p>
 </div>
 </dd></dl>
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="building-values">
 <h2>Building values<a class="headerlink" href="#building-values" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <dl class="c function">
 <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.Py_BuildValue">
 <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_BuildValue</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">format</span></span>, <span class="p"><span class="pre">...</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_BuildValue" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Create a new value based on a format string similar to those accepted by the
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyArg_Parse*</span></code> family of functions and a sequence of values.  Returns
 the value or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> in the case of an error; an exception will be raised if
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> is returned.</p>
 <p><a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_BuildValue" title="Py_BuildValue"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_BuildValue()</span></code></a> does not always build a tuple.  It builds a tuple only if
 its format string contains two or more format units.  If the format string is
 empty, it returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>; if it contains exactly one format unit, it returns
 whatever object is described by that format unit.  To force it to return a tuple
 of size 0 or one, parenthesize the format string.</p>
 <p>When memory buffers are passed as parameters to supply data to build objects, as
 for the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">s</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">s#</span></code> formats, the required data is copied.  Buffers provided
 by the caller are never referenced by the objects created by
 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_BuildValue" title="Py_BuildValue"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_BuildValue()</span></code></a>.  In other words, if your code invokes <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">malloc()</span></code>
 and passes the allocated memory to <a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_BuildValue" title="Py_BuildValue"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_BuildValue()</span></code></a>, your code is
 responsible for calling <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">free()</span></code> for that memory once
 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_BuildValue" title="Py_BuildValue"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_BuildValue()</span></code></a> returns.</p>
 <p>In the following description, the quoted form is the format unit; the entry in
 (round) parentheses is the Python object type that the format unit will return;
 and the entry in [square] brackets is the type of the C value(s) to be passed.</p>
 <p>The characters space, tab, colon and comma are ignored in format strings (but
 not within format units such as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">s#</span></code>).  This can be used to make long format
 strings a tad more readable.</p>
 <dl class="simple">
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">s</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>) [const char *]</dt><dd><p>Convert a null-terminated C string to a Python <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a> object using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'utf-8'</span></code>
 encoding. If the C string pointer is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> is used.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">s#</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>) [const char *, <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></code></a>]</dt><dd><p>Convert a C string and its length to a Python <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a> object using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'utf-8'</span></code>
 encoding. If the C string pointer is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>, the length is ignored and
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> is returned.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">y</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a>) [const char *]</dt><dd><p>This converts a C string to a Python <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a> object.  If the C
 string pointer is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> is returned.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">y#</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a>) [const char *, <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></code></a>]</dt><dd><p>This converts a C string and its lengths to a Python object.  If the C
 string pointer is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> is returned.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">z</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>) [const char *]</dt><dd><p>Same as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">s</span></code>.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">z#</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>) [const char *, <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></code></a>]</dt><dd><p>Same as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">s#</span></code>.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">u</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a>) [const wchar_t *]</dt><dd><p>Convert a null-terminated <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wchar_t</span></code> buffer of Unicode (UTF-16 or UCS-4)
 data to a Python Unicode object.  If the Unicode buffer pointer is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>,
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> is returned.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">u#</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a>) [const wchar_t *, <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></code></a>]</dt><dd><p>Convert a Unicode (UTF-16 or UCS-4) data buffer and its length to a Python
 Unicode object.   If the Unicode buffer pointer is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>, the length is ignored
 and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> is returned.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">U</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>) [const char *]</dt><dd><p>Same as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">s</span></code>.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">U#</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>) [const char *, <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></code></a>]</dt><dd><p>Same as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">s#</span></code>.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">i</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#int" title="int"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code></a>) [int]</dt><dd><p>Convert a plain C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">int</span></span> to a Python integer object.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">b</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#int" title="int"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code></a>) [char]</dt><dd><p>Convert a plain C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">char</span></span> to a Python integer object.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">h</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#int" title="int"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code></a>) [short int]</dt><dd><p>Convert a plain C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">short</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span></span> to a Python integer object.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">l</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#int" title="int"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code></a>) [long int]</dt><dd><p>Convert a C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span></span> to a Python integer object.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">B</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#int" title="int"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code></a>) [unsigned char]</dt><dd><p>Convert a C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span></span> to a Python integer object.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">H</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#int" title="int"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code></a>) [unsigned short int]</dt><dd><p>Convert a C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">short</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span></span> to a Python integer object.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">I</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#int" title="int"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code></a>) [unsigned int]</dt><dd><p>Convert a C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span></span> to a Python integer object.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">k</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#int" title="int"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code></a>) [unsigned long]</dt><dd><p>Convert a C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span></span> to a Python integer object.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">L</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#int" title="int"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code></a>) [long long]</dt><dd><p>Convert a C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span></span> to a Python integer object.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">K</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#int" title="int"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code></a>) [unsigned long long]</dt><dd><p>Convert a C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span></span> to a Python integer object.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">n</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#int" title="int"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code></a>) [<a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></code></a>]</dt><dd><p>Convert a C <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></code></a> to a Python integer.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">c</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a> of length 1) [char]</dt><dd><p>Convert a C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">int</span></span> representing a byte to a Python <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a> object of
 length 1.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">C</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a> of length 1) [int]</dt><dd><p>Convert a C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">int</span></span> representing a character to Python <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a>
 object of length 1.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">d</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#float" title="float"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">float</span></code></a>) [double]</dt><dd><p>Convert a C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">double</span></span> to a Python floating-point number.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">f</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#float" title="float"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">float</span></code></a>) [float]</dt><dd><p>Convert a C <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">float</span></span> to a Python floating-point number.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">D</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#complex" title="complex"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">complex</span></code></a>) [Py_complex *]</dt><dd><p>Convert a C <a class="reference internal" href="complex.html#c.Py_complex" title="Py_complex"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_complex</span></code></a> structure to a Python complex number.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">O</span></code> (object) [PyObject *]</dt><dd><p>Pass a Python object untouched but create a new
 <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-strong-reference"><span class="xref std std-term">strong reference</span></a> to it
 (i.e. its reference count is incremented by one).
 If the object passed in is a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> pointer, it is assumed
 that this was caused because the call producing the argument found an error and
 set an exception. Therefore, <a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_BuildValue" title="Py_BuildValue"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_BuildValue()</span></code></a> will return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> but won’t
 raise an exception.  If no exception has been raised yet, <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#SystemError" title="SystemError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SystemError</span></code></a> is
 set.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">S</span></code> (object) [PyObject *]</dt><dd><p>Same as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">O</span></code>.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">N</span></code> (object) [PyObject *]</dt><dd><p>Same as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">O</span></code>, except it doesn’t create a new <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-strong-reference"><span class="xref std std-term">strong reference</span></a>.
 Useful when the object is created by a call to an object constructor in the
 argument list.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">O&amp;</span></code> (object) [<em>converter</em>, <em>anything</em>]</dt><dd><p>Convert <em>anything</em> to a Python object through a <em>converter</em> function.  The
 function is called with <em>anything</em> (which should be compatible with <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">void</span><span class="p">*</span></span>)
 as its argument and should return a “new” Python object, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> if an
 error occurred.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(items)</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#tuple" title="tuple"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tuple</span></code></a>) [<em>matching-items</em>]</dt><dd><p>Convert a sequence of C values to a Python tuple with the same number of items.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[items]</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#list" title="list"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list</span></code></a>) [<em>matching-items</em>]</dt><dd><p>Convert a sequence of C values to a Python list with the same number of items.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">{items}</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#dict" title="dict"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dict</span></code></a>) [<em>matching-items</em>]</dt><dd><p>Convert a sequence of C values to a Python dictionary.  Each pair of consecutive
 C values adds one item to the dictionary, serving as key and value,
 respectively.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 <p>If there is an error in the format string, the <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#SystemError" title="SystemError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SystemError</span></code></a> exception is
 set and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> returned.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 <dl class="c function">
 <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.Py_VaBuildValue">
 <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_VaBuildValue</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">format</span></span>, <span class="n"><span class="pre">va_list</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">vargs</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_VaBuildValue" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Identical to <a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_BuildValue" title="Py_BuildValue"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_BuildValue()</span></code></a>, except that it accepts a va_list
 rather than a variable number of arguments.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 </section>
 </section>
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 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Parsing arguments and building values</a><ul>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#parsing-arguments">Parsing arguments</a><ul>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#strings-and-buffers">Strings and buffers</a></li>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#numbers">Numbers</a></li>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#other-objects">Other objects</a></li>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#api-functions">API Functions</a></li>
 </ul>
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    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
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  <section id="boolean-objects">
 <span id="boolobjects"></span><h1>Boolean Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#boolean-objects" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
 <p>Booleans in Python are implemented as a subclass of integers.  There are only
 two booleans, <a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_False" title="Py_False"><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_False</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_True" title="Py_True"><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_True</span></code></a>.  As such, the normal
 creation and deletion functions don’t apply to booleans.  The following macros
 are available, however.</p>
 <dl class="c var">
 <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyBool_Type">
 <a class="reference internal" href="type.html#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyTypeObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyBool_Type</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyBool_Type" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 <dd><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>This instance of <a class="reference internal" href="type.html#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyTypeObject</span></code></a> represents the Python boolean type; it
 is the same object as <a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#bool" title="bool"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bool</span></code></a> in the Python layer.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 <dl class="c function">
 <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyBool_Check">
 <span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyBool_Check</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyBool_Check" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 <dd><p>Return true if <em>o</em> is of type <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyBool_Type" title="PyBool_Type"><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyBool_Type</span></code></a>.  This function always
 succeeds.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 <dl class="c var">
 <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.Py_False">
 <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_False</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_False" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 <dd><p>The Python <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code> object.  This object has no methods and is
 <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-immortal"><span class="xref std std-term">immortal</span></a>.</p>
 <div class="versionchanged">
 <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.12: </span><a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_False" title="Py_False"><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_False</span></code></a> is <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-immortal"><span class="xref std std-term">immortal</span></a>.</p>
 </div>
 </dd></dl>
 <dl class="c var">
 <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.Py_True">
 <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_True</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_True" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 <dd><p>The Python <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> object.  This object has no methods and is
 <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-immortal"><span class="xref std std-term">immortal</span></a>.</p>
 <div class="versionchanged">
 <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.12: </span><a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_True" title="Py_True"><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_True</span></code></a> is <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-immortal"><span class="xref std std-term">immortal</span></a>.</p>
 </div>
 </dd></dl>
 <dl class="c macro">
 <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.Py_RETURN_FALSE">
 <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_RETURN_FALSE</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_RETURN_FALSE" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 <dd><p>Return <a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_False" title="Py_False"><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_False</span></code></a> from a function.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 <dl class="c macro">
 <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.Py_RETURN_TRUE">
 <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_RETURN_TRUE</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_RETURN_TRUE" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 <dd><p>Return <a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_True" title="Py_True"><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_True</span></code></a> from a function.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 <dl class="c function">
 <dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyBool_FromLong">
 <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyBool_FromLong</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">long</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">v</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyBool_FromLong" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
 <dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a>.</em><p>Return <a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_True" title="Py_True"><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_True</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_False" title="Py_False"><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_False</span></code></a>, depending on the truth value of <em>v</em>.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 </section>
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